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Incarcerated populations are highly vulnerable to respiratory illnesses such as COVID-19 and influenza. We evaluated COVID-19 and influenza vaccine ordering and administration rates among 13 of 14 Massachusetts county jails and compared them with rates in the general population. Results showed heterogeneity in the number of vaccines ordered per incarcerated individual across institutions, with small to medium-sized jails ordering more vaccines per person. Vaccine administration in jails utilized approximately 41% of the total vaccines ordered by jails. Additionally, the study revealed disparities in vaccine brand distribution between incarcerated and non-incarcerated populations, potentially perpetuating historical health inequities in carceral settings. Considering that vaccine hesitancy among incarcerated individuals and jail staff has been identified as a significant barrier to vaccination, these findings underscore the need for equitable and comprehensive vaccine distribution strategies in carceral settings, necessitating collaboration between public health and correctional systems to ensure the health and well-being of incarcerated individuals. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]