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The aim of this paper was to investigate the clinical and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) features of synovial chondromatosis (SC) of the temporomandibular joint (TMJ). Fourteen patients with SC of the TMJ were included in the study. Clinical and MRI features were analysed and divided into three types based on MRI classification: type I with loose bodies, type II with homogeneous masses, and type III with a mixture of loose bodies and homogeneous masses. All SCs occurred in the superior compartment of the TMJ. There were two patients (14%) categorised as type I, five (36%) as type II and seven (50%) as type III. Four patients (29%) had disc perforation, and nine had bone erosion; among those nine, seven (78%) had type III and two (22%) type II. Histological examination showed inflammation and calcification in the synovial membrane and, and cartilage of the hyaline type in all cases. MRI has advantages in the diagnosis of SC. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Mercury is a toxic metal that can be disseminated into the environment from both natural and anthropogenic sources. Human exposure to the metal stems mainly from food, and more particularly from the consumption of fish and other seafoods. Examining dietary exposure and measuring mercury levels in body tissues are two ways of estimating exposure to mercury. In this study, we utilized a modelling system consisting of three linear toxicokinetic models for describing the fate of methyl mercury, inorganic mercury, and metallic mercury in the body, in order to estimate daily intake of mercury as measured through total mercury concentrations in the blood. We then compared the results stemming from our modelling system to those of the detailed semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) of the Norwegian Fish and Game (NFG) Study, a project that focused on dietary mercury exposure. The results indicate that toxicokinetic modelling based on blood levels gave higher daily intake values of mercury compared to those of the FFQ. Furthermore, the former had a wider range of estimates than the latter. The properties of the toxicokinetic model or limitations in the dietary exposure assessment could be posited as reasons for the differences between the respective methods. Moreover, the results may have been influenced by sources of mercury exposure that cannot be described as dietary, such as amalgam fillings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• The inclusion of silica and nano-molybdenum disulfide nanoparticles meaningfully lessens the viscosity of Bazargan crude oil. • Viscosity reduction rises with higher nanoparticle concentrations and crude oil temperatures. • Silica nanoparticles offer a marginally greater degree of viscosity reduction compared to nano molybdenum disulfide. • The inclusion of nanoparticles shifts the rheological behavior of crude oil from Bingham fluid towards Newtonian behavior. The present study intends to experimentally investigate the impact of incorporating silica nanoparticles and Nano Molybdenum disulfide on the viscosity property and crude oil rheological properties of Bazargan crude oil (Iraq) at different nanoparticles concentrations and crude oil temperatures. The results indicate a notable reduction of crude oil viscosity as a result to adding the nanoparticles, increasing the nanoparticles concentration, and increasing the operating temperature. Statistically, the viscosity has been reduced from 57.15 cP at 25 °C to 31.27 cP at 55 °C after adding 0.3 wt% of silica nanoparticles compared to a reduction of viscosity from 57.15 cP at 25 °C to 31.37 cP after the inclusion of 0.3 wt% of Nano Molybdenum disulfide at 55 °C. To quantify the estimation of viscosity reduction after the addition of nanoparticles, the degree of viscosity reduction (DVR%) is established. Specifically, the addition of silica nanoparticles assures the maximum DVR% of 31.58 %. using 0.3 wt% at 25 °C compared to the maximum DVR% of 29.27 % after the addition of 0.3 wt% of Nano Molybdenum disulfide. A critical analysis of the crude oil rheological properties indicates that the crude oil can exhibit a Bingham fluid behavior. In this regard, the addition of nanoparticles at variable concentrations resulted in a decrease in yield stress, plastic viscosity, and effective viscosity. This proposes that the crude oil is transitioning towards Newtonian behavior, as demonstrated by the lessening yield stress and its gradual approach to zero after the combination of nanomaterials. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The removal of arsenic in contaminated groundwater on magnetic nanoscale Fe--Mn binary oxides loaded zeolite (MFM) is evaluated in this study. MFM is produced by an improved precipitation method; and is easily separated from water by an external magnetic field after arsenic removal. With the measured surface area of 340 m²/g by the BET method, the removal efficiency of MFM for arsenic is more than 99.0% at pH 7.0. The adsorption kinetics is well fitted with pseudo-second-order, as well as Weber--Morris model. Results show that arsenic adsorption on MFM is predominantly regulated by surface diffusion in initial 15 min, followed by intraparticle diffusion in later stage. Adsorption and oxidation occur simultaneously in the process of arsenite removal, while adsorption is the sole driving process during arsenate removal. MFM exhibits a strong adsorption affinity to arsenic, and the adsorption isotherms are well described by Freundlich and Redlich--Peterson models. A thermodynamic analysis indicates that the adsorption is spontaneous and endothermic. An adsorption site energy analysis illustrates a distribution of adsorption energy to exhibit the heterogeneous distribution nature on MFM for arsenic removal. This study proves MFM as a promising adsorbent for arsenic removal in contaminated groundwater. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]