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Statement of problem The gingival sulcus should remain open long enough for the impression material to flow into it and completely fill the space provided by the gingival displacement. Impressions with less sulcal width have a higher incidence of voids, tearing of impression materials, and reduction in marginal accuracy. Purpose The purpose of this clinical study was to investigate the closure, gingival displacement, and gingival inflammation of the gingival crevice after the use of medicated gingival displacement cord and cordless systems. Material and methods Gingival sulcus closure was studied in 40 participants. They were divided into 4 groups: 2 cord (Ultrapack, SilTrax AS) and 2 cordless (Expasyl, Traxodent Hemodent paste) methods. The labial surfaces of the maxillary right and left central incisors were evaluated. Gingival sulcus was photographed every 20 seconds from 0 to 180 seconds after the removal of the cord or cordless system. The bleeding index (BI) and gingival index (GI) were measured at day 0, day 1, and day 7. The width of the sulcal orifice was measured at the mid-buccal (MB) and transitional line angle (TLA) on a digital image, using computer software (Photoshop version 7.0; Adobe). Data were analyzed with ANOVA, Tukey honest significant difference (HSD), Kruskal-Wallis, and Mann-Whitney U tests (α=.05). Results All groups showed a sulcal width greater than 0.22 mm up to 60 seconds after the removal of the displacement materials at the MB and up to 40 seconds at the TLA. Among all groups, Expasyl showed the fastest closure. Gingival displacement in the MB area for the cord group was greater than for the cordless groups. GI and BI indices were larger for the cord group than for the cordless group at days 0 and 1. Conclusions At up to 60 seconds, the cord and cordless techniques were equally effective. The cord group showed a greater amount of displacement than the cordless group. However, the cordless materials showed reduced frequency of changes to the gingival index. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Trampoline-related injuries in adults are uncommon. Participation in trampolining is increasing following its admission as a sport in the Olympics and the opening of local recreational trampoline centres. The aim of this study was to assess the number and outcomes of adult trampoline-related orthopaedic injuries presenting to four trauma hospitals in Victoria.Methods: A cohort study was performed for the period 2007-2013. Adult patients registered by the Victorian Orthopaedic Trauma Outcomes Registry (VOTOR) who had sustained a trampolining related injury were included in this study. Descriptive analyses were used to describe the patient population, the injuries sustained and their in-hospital and 6-month outcomes.Results: There was an increase in trampolining injuries from 2007 (n=3) to 2012 (n=14) and 2013 (n=18). Overall, fifty patients with a median age of 25 (range 16-66) were identified. Thirty-five patients (70%) had lower limb injuries, 20 patients (40%) had spinal injuries and one patient had an upper limb injury. Thirty-nine patients (78%) required surgery. Fractures of the tibia (n=13), ankle fractures (n=12) and cervical spine injuries (n=7) were the most common injuries; all of which required surgery. Complications included death, spinal cord injuries, compartment syndrome and open fractures. At 6 months post injury, more than half (52%) of the patients had not achieved a good recovery, 32% had some form of persistent disability, 14% did not get back to work and overall physical health for the cohort was well below population norms for the SF-12.Conclusion: Adult trampoline-related injuries have increased in the last few years in this cohort identified through VOTOR. Lower limb and spinal injuries are most prevalent. Public awareness and education are important to reduce the risk for people participating in this activity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Computer navigation aims to improve the accuracy of total knee arthroplasty surgery. • We found close correlation between intraoperative measurements of alignment by the computer navigation system and postoperative CT-based measurements. • For all measures of 3D alignment, the mean difference between intraoperatively recorded and postoperative CT-measured alignment was 1.55.°. • The mean difference in whole limb coronal alignment between intraoperative and postoperative measurements was 2.34.°. Evidence now exists advocating the use of computer navigation in total knee arthroplasty (TKA). Despite the introduction of new navigation systems into clinical practice no evidence currently exists showing independent verification of their accuracy. The aim of this study was to validate the in vivo accuracy of the Exactech Guided Personalised Surgery (GPS) computer navigation system using a validated computed tomography (CT) measurement of alignment. Consecutive patients who underwent TKA using the GPS Navigation System at our institution were prospectively recruited. Intraoperative parameters of 3D alignment as measured by the GPS navigation system were recorded and compared against the postoperative measurements of alignment measured using the Perth CT Protocol to assess the accuracy of the GPS navigation system. 29 consecutive patients (13 male, 16 female) who underwent TKA were prospectively recruited. Overall, for all measures of 3D alignment the mean difference between intraoperatively recorded and postoperative CT-measured alignment was 1.55° ± 0.22° (95% confidence interval). Individual measurement differences in the femoral prosthesis were: coronal alignment 1.64° ± 0.52°; flexion 2.07° ± 0.55°; rotation 1.38° ± 0.33° Differences in the tibial prosthesis were: coronal alignment 2.03° ± 0.53°; slope 1.14° ± 0.39° The whole limb coronal alignment difference was 2.34° ± 0.83° The Exactech GPS Navigation system is very accurate with a high concordance between intraoperative and postoperative measures of alignment and prosthesis positioning. We therefore confidently validate the system and support its continued use in clinical practice. Other navigation systems should undergo a similar validation process. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]