1. Azithromycin reduces bronchial wall thickening in infants with cystic fibrosis.
- Author
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Chen, Yuxin, Charbonnier, Jean-Paul, Andrinopoulou, Eleni-Rosalina, Sly, Peter D., Stick, Stephen M., and Tiddens, Harm A.W.M.
- Subjects
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CYSTIC fibrosis , *AZITHROMYCIN , *INFANTS , *DISEASE complications , *LUNG diseases - Abstract
• Automatic software is able to measure bronchus-artery (BA) dimensions on chest CT. • A large number of BA-pairs can be analyzed on chest CTs in infants aged 1–3 years with CF. • Azithromycin-treated infants with CF show a reduction in bronchial wall thickness. • Reduced arterial diameter suggests azithromycin's effect on small airways disease and associated lung perfusion. • Automatic measurements of bronchial dimensions add clinically relevant information. COMBAT-CF showed that children aged 0–3 years treated with azithromycin did clinically better than placebo but there was no effect on CT-scores. We reanalysed CTs using an automatic bronchus-artery (BA) analysis. Inspiratory and expiratory CTs at 12 and 36 months were analysed. BA-analysis measures BA-diameters: bronchial outer wall (B out), bronchial inner wall (B in), artery (A), and bronchial wall thickness (B wt) and computes BA-ratios: B out /A and B in /A for bronchial widening, B wt /A and B wa /B oa (bronchial wall area/bronchial outer area) for bronchial wall thickening. Low attenuation regions (LAR) were analysed using an automatic method. Mixed-effect model was used to compare BA-outcomes at 36 months between treatment groups. 228 CTs (59 placebo; 66 azithromycin) were analysed. The azithromycin group had lower B wa /B oa (p = 0.0034) and higher B in /A (p = 0.001) relative to placebo. B out /A (p = 0.0088) was higher because of a reduction in artery diameters which correlated to a reduction in LAR. Azithromycin-treated infants with CF show a reduction in bronchial wall thickness and possibly a positive effect on lung perfusion. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
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