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Paper and pulp mills generate substantial quantities of cellulose-rich sludge materials that are disposed in landfills at a large scale. For sustainability purposes, sludge materials can be bioprocessed to produce renewable fuels and useful chemicals. The enzymatic hydrolysis of cellulose is the process bottleneck that affects the conversion economics directly by using zero-cost raw materials. In order to study and optimize the process, the characteristics of the sludge raw materials should be first evaluated. In this work, sludge samples were obtained from paper mills located at different locations in Wisconsin and Minnesota. Part of the sludge samples was washed (de-ashed) with hydrochloric acid while the other part remained unwashed. The samples were subjected to multiple spectroscopic analyses techniques to evaluate the morphological properties of cellulose fibers and to estimate the total structural carbohydrate content. The results showed that the de-ashing process changed some fiber characteristics and cellulose crystallinity structure in all sludge samples. Sludge sample A (obtained from Kraft pulp and recycled paper mill region) showed a high percentage of fiber, with crystalline cellulose, compared to the other two sludge samples suggesting that sludge A is a valuable source to make value-added products. Aspen Plus mass and energy calculations performed in view of the 'zero' cost and the reliable supply of sludge raw materials producing 2 mol H 2 /mol glucose. Moreover, the results showed that extracting crystalline cellulose from these sludge samples is more profitable than crystalline cellulose made from the other lignocellulosic feedstocks. The results reported here showed that the utilization of these sludge materials would be an economically attractive and promising alternative for the production of hydrogen. Image 1 • A new method for paper mill sludge (PMS) characterization as renewable feedstock. • The deashing step has a major effect on the bioconversion of the PMS. • Studying the crystalline cellulose of the PMS. • A relation between the characterization and potential sugar yield was established. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • Free-standing composite papers of SFCP@PANI were prepared. • The free-standing SFCP@PANI-2 paper was directly utilized as supercapacitive electrodes. • The SFCP@PANI-2 demonstrated an enhanced electrochemcial capacitive performance. Free-standing composite papers of SFCP@PANI were prepared by in situ polymerization of aniline on the surface of sisal fiber carbon paper (SFCP). The SFCP@PANI papers can be directly built into electrodes without the need for any binders or conductive agents. SFCP@PANI-2 exhibits excellent electrochemical performance in the three-electrode system and the coin-type symmetric supercapacitor (SSC), which indicates that it may be a promising electrode material for supercapacitor. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• A hydrophobic TENG based on sisal cellulose paper(SCP) was constructed to collect raindrop energy. • Both physical and chemical hydrophobic modification can effectively improve the SCP's dielectric constant. • The hydrophobic SCP-TENG modified by the chemical method is more suitable than the physical method for collecting raindrop energy. • The output electrical signal of SCP-TENG and the raindrop velocity have linear relationship. • The hydrophobic SCP-TENG can be used as raindrop-based sensors. Hydrophobic Sisal cellulose paper (SCP) was obtained by surface modification of SCP via physical adsorbing polymer and chemical grafting monomer, respectively. The influence of surface modification conditioning on the hydrophobicity, dielectric constant and dipole moment of the SCP was investigated. The results showed that the hydrophobicity and dielectric constant of the modified SCP increased with the concentration and amount of the modifiers. The output electrical performance of the TENGs assembled by the two types of hydrophobic SCP for rain energy collection was compared. The output electrical performance of the chemically modified hydrophobic SCP-TENG is higher than that of the physical modified. The maximum power density of the former reaches 8.2 mW/m2. Furthermore, based on the linear relationship between the output performance (output voltage intensity and output current intensity) of hydrophobic SCP-TENG and the droplet velocity, a raindrop-based sensor based on hydrophobic SCP-TENG was successfully constructed and estimated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Development of and γ-Fe 2 O 3 modified exfoliated graphite carbon paper (γ-Fe 2 O 3 @ExGCP) for non-enzymatic glucose sensor. • The sensitivity of γ-Fe 2 O 3 @ExGCP electrodes is ∼7.1 µA mM-1cm−2, two times more than ExGCP paper. • The enhanced sensitivity of γ-Fe 2 O 3 @ExGCP is attributed to valency change of iron. • The charge transfer resistance is decreasing with increased glucose concentration. We report the γ-Fe 2 O 3 modified exfoliated graphite (γ-Fe 2 O 3 @ExGCP) flexible paper electrode as a non-enzymatic glucose sensor. The γ-Fe 2 O 3 was physically mixed with exfoliated graphite flakes, and mechanically pressed to get a thin sheet. The amperommetric analysis of γ-Fe 2 O 3 @ExGCP electrode shows that the sensor current increases with increasing glucose concentration. The impedance analysis of γ-Fe 2 O 3 @ExGCP substantiates the reduction in charge transfer resistance with increasing glucose concentration. The observed values of sensitivity for Ex-GCP and γ-Fe 2 O 3 @ExGCP electrodes are 3.51 µA mM-1cm−2 and 7.1 µA mM-1cm−2, respectively. The calculated LOD is 512 μM for γ-Fe 2 O 3 @ExGCP. Thus, γ-Fe 2 O 3 @ExGCP flexible electrode may be used for non-enzymatic glucose sensor with enhanced sensitivity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We study a five-species cyclic system wherein individuals of one species strategically adapt their movements to enhance their performance in the spatial rock–paper–scissors game. Environmental cues enable the awareness of the presence of organisms targeted for elimination in the cyclic game. If the local density of target organisms is sufficiently high, individuals move towards concentrated areas for direct attack; otherwise, they employ an ambush tactic, maximising the chances of success by targeting regions likely to be dominated by opponents. Running stochastic simulations, we discover that the ambush strategy enhances the likelihood of individual success compared to direct attacks alone, leading to uneven spatial patterns characterised by spiral waves. We compute the autocorrelation function and measure how the ambush tactic unbalances the organisms' spatial organisation by calculating the characteristic length scale of typical spatial domains of each species. We demonstrate that the threshold for local species density influences the ambush strategy's effectiveness, while the neighbourhood perception range significantly impacts decision-making accuracy. The outcomes show that long-range perception improves performance by over 60%, although there is potential interference in decision-making under high attack triggers. Understanding how organisms' adaptation their environment enhances their performance may be helpful not only for ecologists, but also for data scientists, aiming to improve artificial intelligence systems. • Stochastic simulations of the rock–paper–scissors model with Ambush strategy are performed. • The changes in the spatial patterns provoked by the behavioural strategy are quantified. • Organisms' performance in the rock–paper–scissor game is computed. • The impact of the organisms' perception radius in the accuracy of the strategy is investigated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • MOF-199@melamine enabled fast and sensitive colorimetric detection of water. • MOF-199@melamine-based test paper was developed for real-time sensing portably. • The material and its test paper both could be regenerated and recycled. • Mechanisms of material interacted with water and DMF were explored. • Sensing strategy achieved water detection in multiple organic solvents and ambient relative humidity. Herein, we fabricate a melamine modified metal organic framework-199 composite (MOF-199@melamine), of which the structure is affected by the dynamics of the guest H 2 O molecule with significant color change. It realizes the visualized quantitative detection of water in a variety of organic solvents within 30 s. Moreover, DMF restored the original structure by replacing H 2 O molecules, realizing the regeneration of the materials. On this basis, PTFE-MOF-199@melamine test paper is developed to portably detect water content in organic solvents (maximum 0 %-98 % (v/v) water content) and ambient relative humidity (11–85 %). The test paper can be recycled four times with a regeneration rate higher than 90 %. The results are expected to solve the problems of existed electrochemical or fluorescence strategy such as the complicated operation process and signal output/reading system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • A high SERS efficiency Au nanodendrite (AuND) structure was constructed by electro-deposition on a 3D nickel foam (NiF). • NiF with a highly porous structure and concave microchannel was employed as a sampling-diffusing medium. • AuND/NiF was situated onto a paper strip to construct a paper-based chromatography device (PP-AuND/NiF). • AuND/NiF substrate could detect R6G at 0.1 nM. • The PP-AuND/NiF could simultaneously separate and detect R6G in a mixture solution containing R6G and 2-NpSH. A simple paper-based chromatography coupling with nickel foam decorated Au nanodendrite (PP-AuND/NiF) was fabricated for simultaneous separation and surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) detection of Rhodamine-6G (R6G) from a mixture of analytes. The three-dimensional porous nickel foam (NiF) was employed as a sampling diffusion platform, and AuND with a high surface active area beneficial for SERS efficiency was electro-deposited directly onto the NiF frame. The structure of AuND/NiF was characterized by X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy. The AuND/NiF could detect R6G at 0.1 nM, and the enhancement factor was 1.84 x 106. The AuND/NiF was durable, with a slight signal decrease after 6 m of drop-testing. Also, upon three days of exposure to ambient air, the signal droped only 3.35 %. Subsequently, the PP-AuND/NiF was constructed by directly situating AuND/NiF on a paper strip, serving as a sample in and out to AuND/NiF. A mixture of two SERS active compounds, namely 2-Naphthalenethiol (2-NpSH) and Rhodamine 6G (R6G), was prepared in ethanol: water (1:1) solution to evaluate PP-AuND/NiF separation capability. Raman measurements along different distances of AuND/NiF were performed, and the signal of 2-NpSH was dismissed after 3.0 mm, while R6G's signals were observed throughout AuND/NiF. In general, the PP-AuND/NiF demonstrated effective separation and SERS measurement of analytes in a mixture, which could be applicable for more complex samples in the future, especially in clinical analysis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A Eu-DBPA probe was used in the detection of pymetrozine (PYM) by fluorescence quenching effect. Furthermore, a smartphone-integrated paper-based probe detection platform was designed for the rapid and visual detection of PYM in vegetable samples. [Display omitted] • A fluorescent probe was applied for the sensitive detection of pymetrozine (PYM). • The probe shows a low detection limit and a wide detection range in PYM detection. • Smartphone-integrated test strip probe was used for the visual detection of PYM. • The detection of PYM residues in real samples is compared with HPLC method. • A one-to-one logic gate device was designed to simplify the detection process. Pymetrozine (PYM) is an effective pyridine insecticide for controlling aphids, while its residues pose a serious threat to human health. Herein, a europium complex (Eu-DBPA, DBPA represents deprotonated 2,5-dibromoterephthalic acid ligand) probe was prepared for the detection of PYM via fluorescence quenching. The detection process has the advantages of short response time (2 min), wide linear range (0–4 and 4–45 mg/kg) and low detection limit (2.2 μg/kg). Furthermore, a portable detection platform was designed by integrating Eu-DBPA-based paper strip with smartphone and applied for the visual detection of PYM in real cucumber, tomato, cabbage and apple samples, obtaining satisfactory recovery (99.00 %–107.00 %) and low standard deviation (RSD < 3.4 %). In addition, a logic gate device was designed to simplify the detection process. The smartphone-integrated paper-based probe detection platform provides a new strategy for intelligent and online identification of hazards in environmental and biological samples. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In wet paper wiper, three-dimensional nonuniform wetting may occur and affect frictional behavior. This study aims to clarify the frictional behavior of wet paper wiper in order to develop guidelines for controlling the frictional behavior of similar products such as clothing and sponges. Friction tests were conducted between a paper wiper and a flat glass while varying the water content of the paper wiper. The friction coefficient reached a maximum at a certain water content depending on the normal load and sliding velocity conditions. This high-friction effect may be attributed to meniscus formation at the contact interface and inside the paper wiper specimen, because the negative pressure due to the meniscus can promote the expansion of the real contact area. • The contact condition and friction between paper wiper and glass were examined. • The interface was partially or completely wetted by adding water. • Water droplets on the interface split and moved backward during friction. • The friction coefficient was maximum at a certain water content. • The high-friction effect was dependent on the normal load and the sliding velocity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Bamboo has being used as alternative raw material for construction, reinforcing fibers, paper production, among other applications. Although its recognized potentials as raw material, there are doubts about its environmental performance compared to traditional wood-based products, including paper production, which hinders bamboo-based paper plants in large scales. This study aims to assess the environmental performance of producing office paper from bamboo. Emergy synthesis (with 'm') and global warming potential indicators are calculated and compared with the traditional eucalyptus paper-based production. Results highlights the importance in including the renewability fractions of each input resources into emergy calculations for production systems with high human-labor intensity such as the bamboo agricultural production. Office paper produced from bamboo has similar renewability (28%), moderate environmental load (3.23 vs. 2.49), and emergy unsustainability (0.34 vs. 0.60) compared to paper produced from eucalyptus, but bamboo showed lower performance for global efficiency (568 vs. 442 sej/ton paper), emergy yield (1.09 vs. 1.49), and emergy investment (10.79 vs. 2.05). Focusing on global warming potential, office paper produced from bamboo releases 98 kgCO 2 eq. /ton paper compared to 56–267 kgCO 2 eq. /ton paper for eucalyptus. Notwithstanding, bamboo-based office paper demands four times more land area of agricultural production than eucalyptus, but it has a positive social aspect by requiring higher amount of direct human labor. This work shows the advantages of using eucalyptus rather than bamboo in producing office paper from an emergy and land demand perspectives, while global warming can still be considered inconclusive. Future efforts should consider a quantitative and qualitative analysis of human labor availability in both systems, as well an economic analysis to support discussions towards more sustainable office paper production from different raw materials. • Environmental load of bamboo and eucalyptus for office paper production are compared. • Bamboo has lower emergy performance than eucalyptus. • Including the renewability fraction of labor and services better reflects emergy results. • Bamboo paper emits 98kgCO2eq/ton, eucalyptus paper emits 56–267kgCO2eq/ton. • Bamboo paper needs 4x land compared to eucalyptus and requires more human labor. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, a novel fluorescent nanoprobe (ZIF-90@FSS) was constructed using a zeolite imidazolium ester skeleton (ZIF-90) incorporating sodium fluorescein within its porous structure. Notably, this nanoprobe exhibited regular fluorescence "off" detection performance of Fe3+ in actual samples and living cells. The concentration range of 0–150 ng/mL exhibited a lowest detection limit of 0.26 ng/mL. A nanofiber paper-based platform (VL78/ZIF-90@FSS) was further developed by coupling the prepared nanoprobe to a multi-dimensional fiber paper via C N bonds, enabling rapid visual white light colorimetric and fluorescence imaging of Fe3+ within 2 min. The constructed nanoprobe and its paper-based detection platforms demonstrated a stable recovery range in tap water, beer, and soy sauce samples during spiking-recovery assessments. The recovery rates ranged from 98.46 % to 108.24 % for the nanoprobe and from 91.75 % to 108.71 % for the nanofiber paper-based platform. Therefore, the developed nano-fluorescent sensor and paper-based nanofiber sensing platform offer a promising strategy for the visual detection of Fe3+, while also presenting novel and valuable methods to investigate the regulatory mechanisms of Fe3+ in living cells. [Display omitted] • A novel fluorescent nanoprobe ZIF-90@FSS and paper-based nanofiber platform VL78/ZIF-90@FSS were developed. • ZIF-90@FSS and VL78/ZIF-90@FSS exhibit dynamic sensing and real-time imaging of Fe3+ in living cells and actual samples. • ZIF-90@FSS achieved fluorescence "off" detection of Fe3+ based on fluorescence energy transfer and absorption competition. • The ZIF-90@FSS nanoprobe exhibited rapid detection in vitro and spatiotemporal resolution for Fe3+ imaging in vivo. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Paper-based microfluidic devices offer advantages such as low cost and disposability for point-of-care diagnostic applications. However, actuation of fluids on paper can be a challenge in multi-step and complex assays. In this work, a thermally programmable time-delay switch (TPTDS) is presented which operates by causing delays in the fluid path of a microfluidics paper-based analytical device (μPAD) by utilizing screen-printed wax micro-bridges. The time-delay is achieved through an electrical power feedback loop which indirectly adjusts the temperature of each individual micro-bridge, melting the wax into the paper. The melted wax manipulates the fluid flow depending on its penetration depth into the paper channel, which is a function of the applied temperature. To demonstrate functionality of the proposed method, the TPTDS is employed to automate and perform the nitrate assay which requires sequential delivery of reagents. Colorimetric detection is used to quantify the results by utilizing an electronic color sensor. [Display omitted] • Fluid actuation can be a challenge in paper-based microfluidics, limitting its applicability in multi-step assays. • Wax-based micro-bridges placed across paper channels can manipulate fluid motion when melted. • Control over the wax penetration is achieved by an electrical power feedback loop, adjusts the temperature. • Time-delay switches are thermally programmed to automate a nitrate test, requires sequential delivery of the reagents. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Joint analysis of varied biomarkers in blood sample will provide more accurate results for the monitoring and management of Alzheimer's disease (AD). In addition to the known β-amyloid protein (Aβ) used as a reliable clinical marker for AD diagnosis, Fetuin B also demonstrates a strong correlation with AD progression. Especially, for medical diagnostics, on-site detection of multi-analyte is quite important and therefore, it is desirable to develop a rapid and portable, multiplex electrochemical assay for simultaneous detection of Aβ and Fetuin B, which has been seldomly reported before. To achieve this goal, a multiplex paper-based electrode was prepared via vacuum filtration, by which, single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) and AuNPs were sequentially filtered through cellulose paper with a five-electrode pattern to form a conductive underlay and electrical connections. A nanocomposite of AuNPs-loaded dendritic mesoporous silica nanoparticles (dmSiO 2 -Au) was firstly synthesized and further deposited thionine (Thi) for signal amplification. An immunosensor was correspondingly fabricated, which involved a combination of multiplex electrodes and dmSiO 2 -Au-Thi nanocomposite to facilitate simultaneous monitoring of Aβo and Fetuin B. Additionally, ferrocene (F c) was applied onto a separate working electrode to perform a ratiometric electrochemistry for enhancing accuracy. The outcomes demonstrated high specificity, sensitivity, and stability, and no obvious cross-talking between three working electrodes. Application of this sensor resulted in a successful determination of Aβo and Fetuin B levels in serum and brain tissue of transgenic AD mice. Overall, the presented electrochemical immunosensors for performing multiplex diagnostics may facilitate to the exploration of more AD-related blood markers. • A multiplex paper-based electrode was prepared. • A sandwich-based immunosensor enabled simultaneous monitoring of Aβo and Fetuin B. • Ferrocene was applied onto electrode to construct a ratiometric electrochemistry. • Analysis of Aβo and Fetuin B in APP/PS1 transgenic AD mice was realized. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

At present, most reported studies on paper-based sensing devices for food-borne pathogens usually rely on a single signal as the basis for judging the results, accompanied with inaccurate detection results. In this study, we used the lanthanide MOFs being covalently modified with aptamers (Apt-LnMOFs) as the sensing and recognition element of Vibrio parahaemolyticus (VP), and the paper-based needle shape device (paper-needle) as the visual signal output carrier. Finally, an accurate detection strategy for VP was successfully constructed. In terms of signal output, the two signal styles of Apt-LnMOFs diffusion distance on the paper-needle and R value (measured by the RGB analysis software of smartphone) are coupled to jointly improve the accuracy of detection results. The method is simple and fast, and the detection accuracy in real samples is 91%. This strategy is very suitable for on-site rapid detection of pathogens, and does not require large professional instruments. [Display omitted] • This method does not require the aid of instruments and professional operation. • The samples can be automatically diffused on the paper-needle device. • The coupled dual-signal jointly improved the accuracy of detection results. • Hand-held paper-needle pathogen analysis device is easy to use and inexpensive. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Compared with traditional papermaking, foam forming is a new papermaking technology that uses foam instead of water to disperse fibres, which can effectively solve the problem of poor evenness of ceramic paper, but the instability of foam itself affects the application of foam forming technology. Herein, a highly stable foaming agent for foam forming technology was prepared via physical reaction of lauryl dimethyl amine oxide (OB-2) with filamentous nanocellulose (cellulose nanofiber (CNF-C) and bacterial cellulose (BC)). Then, the quartz paper was prepared by foam forming technology. Firstly, hydrogen bond interactions between hydroxyl groups of the filamentous nanocellulose and hydrophilic moieties on OB-2 enabled the formation of a 3D nanonetwork layer on the surface of the bubble, which extended the half-life of the bubble and effectively prevented the bubble from bursting or coalescing. Then, the foam was extruded and cracked, and the filamentous nanocellulose was retained on the quartz fibres to prepare filamentous nanocellulose/quartz fibre paper by foam forming technology. The quartz paper exhibited excellent evenness and mechanical properties. In conclusion, the research of foam forming technology is of great significance to the application and development of special paper. [Display omitted] • Filamentous nanocellulose was first used in the foam forming technology. • The addition of filamentous nanocellulose extended the lifetime of the foam. • Fluorescent labeling revealed the adsorption of the nanocellulose on the bubble surface. • Filamentous nanocellulose enhanced the mechanical properties of the quartz paper. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • A convenient, panchromatic adjustable, re-writable photonic paper was prepared. • Photonic paper exhibited excellent pH, temperature, ionic strength, and ethanol responsive properties. • Photonic paper had fast wetting capability and strong reconfigurability. • A time–temperature dependent optical anti-counterfeiting system was constructed. Multi-responsive re-writable photonic paper (MRPP) with inverse opal structure was prepared by introducing [poly(hydroxyethyl methacrylate)-poly(dimethylamino ethyl methacrylate)-poly(N-isopropyl acrylamide)] (PHEMA-PDMAEMA-PNIPAM) multi-responsive gel (MRH) into silica (SiO 2) photonic crystal (PC) template. First, monomers such as HEMA, DMAEMA, and NIPAM were filled into the SiO 2 PC template. Then, MRPP with dynamic responsive color change capability was prepared by ultraviolet (UV) curing and hydrofluoric (HF) etching. MRPP has temperature, pH, ionic strength, and ethanol concertration responsiveness, fast wetting capability (∼1.4 s), strong re-writability (∼600 cycles), and the ability to use inorganic salt solution as an environmental-friendly ink to achieve panchromatic adjustment. Based on the multiple responsiveness of MRPP and its difference in solvent volatility, a time–temperature dependent optical anti-counterfeiting system with higher security level and fast identification of encryption was successfully constructed. The excellent performance of MRPP indicates its great application value in the field of re-writable photonic paper as well as information security. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Developing disposable paper-based devices has positively impacted analytical science, particularly in developing countries. Some benefits of those devices include their versatility, affordability, environmentally friendly, and the possibility of being integrated with portable electrochemical or colorimetric detectors. Paper-based analytical devices (PADs) comprising circular zones and microfluidic networks have been successfully employed in the analytical chemistry reign. However, the combination of the stencil-printing method and alternative binder has not been satisfactorily explored for fabricating colorimetric paper devices. We developed PADs exploring the stencil printing approach and glass varnish as the hydrophobic chemical agent. As a proof-of-concept, the colorimetric assay of salivary α-amylase (sAA) was performed in saliva samples. Through the scanning electron microscopy measurements, it was possible to indicate satisfactory definitions between native fibers and barrier, and that the measured values for the channel width revealed suitable fidelity (R2 = 0.99) with the nominal widths (ranging from 400 to 5000 μm). The proposed hydrophobic barrier exhibited excellent chemical resistance. The analytical applicability for detecting sAA revealed linear behavior in the range from 2 to 12 U mL−1 (R2 = 0.99), limit of detection of 0.75 U mL−1, reproducibility (RSD ≤2.4%), recovery experiments ranged from 89 to 108% and AGREE response (0.86). In addition, the colorimetric analysis of sAA in four different saliva samples demonstrated levels ranging from 202 to 2080 U mL−1, which enabled monitoring the absence and presence of periodontitis. This report has presented the first use of a self-adhesive mask and glass varnish for creating circular zones and microfluidic architectures on paper without using thermic or UV curing treatments. Also, the proposed analytical methodology for detecting sAA exhibited suitable ecological impact considering the AGREE tool. We believe the proposed fabrication of paper devices emerges as a novel, simple, high-fidelity microfluidic channel and portable analytical approach for colorimetric sensing. [Display omitted] • Paper-based analytical devices (PADs) comprising circular zones and microfluidic networks have been manufactured. • The stencil printing approach and glass varnish as the hydrophobic agent were utilized. • The proposed hydrophobic barrier presented suitable chemical resistance. • Colorimetric detection of salivary α-amylase in saliva samples was performed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Paper-based photodetectors are gaining attention in the field of optoelectronics due to their low cost, flexibility, and eco-friendliness. The paper-based devices have applications in areas like wearable devices, environmental monitoring, and point-of-care diagnostics, where these photodetectors exhibit significant potential. In the present work, we fabricated paper-based photodetectors functionalized by WS 2 /Ti 3 C 2 T x heterostructures. These materials were characterized by X-ray diffractometer, UV–visible spectroscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, Raman spectroscopy, Energy dispersive spectroscopy, and Scanning electron microscopy. We fabricated a paper-based flexible device from this WS 2 /Ti 3 C 2 T x composite using a solvent-free, easily available, and cost-effective Hand-print method. We studied the I–V & I-t response of this device. The as-synthesized device shows excellent photodetection properties with a responsivity value of 3.06 mA/W, and 5.93 × 108 Jones specific detectivity. We further investigated the flexibility and durability of these devices. Finally, the current study supports a substantial advancement in the design of reliable, flexible, and large-area optoelectronic devices. • We fabricated paper-based photodetectors functionalized by WS 2 /Ti 3 C 2 T x heterostructures. • The responsivity of 3.06 mA/W, and specific detectivity of 5.93 × 108 Jones are achieved. • The flexibility and durability of this paper based devices were investigated. • WS 2 /Ti 3 C 2 T x heterostructures based photodetector shows broad spectral response. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Novel psychoactive substances (NPS) in the form of impregnated papers delivered to prisoners are of particular concern in prison settings, where they are commonly used by vaping. The purpose of this study was to create a qualitative method for identifying the various emerging NPS impregnated onto paper samples sent to prisoners. It helps to demonstrate that these findings can be used to predict drug prevalence and trends in prisons. Between 2018 and 2020, 1250 non-judicial paper samples seized from 12 English prisons were analysed to determine the NPSs being circulated. Approximately 1 cm2 paper were cut and added to 50 % (v/v) methanol in LCMS-grade water. Vortex-mixing was used to prepare extracts (30 min). Q-TOF LC/MS was used to screen the extracts. This study showed that synthetic cannabinoid receptor agonist (SCRA) was the most common drug group detected in impregnated paper seizures in English prisons between 2018 and 2020, followed by cocaine, heroin type drugs (A) and amphetamine, ketamine type drugs (B). Male prisons had a higher prevalence of SCRAs, whereas female prisons had a higher prevalence of A drugs. Furthermore, lower security prisons were found to have a higher prevalence of B drugs, pregabalin, gabapentin type drugs (C), and abused and prescription drugs than higher security prisons which unveiled a higher prevalence of nicotine. The findings of this study have revealed new information about drug use in prisons. This study will also aid in the identification of drug smuggling routes into jails, keeping prison staff up to date with the trends. • SCRA was the most prevalent drug group detected in drug-impregnated papers. • SCRAs had higher prevalence in male prisons, wheareas female prisons presented higher prevalence of Class A drugs. • Lower security level prisons had higher prevalence of Class B, Class C drugs compared to higher security level prisons. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Ammonium polyphosphate (APP) was microencapsulated with ethyl cellulose (EC) and mixed with cellulose fibers in water to form the flame-retardant paper. It was found that the original APP was quadrate with smooth surface. In contrast, its surface became rough after the EC microencapsulation, and its electronegativity and solubility were significantly decreased. Specifically, its water contact angle increased from 26.54° to 101.52°. Compared with the Kraft/APP, the limiting oxygen index (LOI) value of the Kraft/APP@EC increased from 28.7% to 31.2% at the dosage of the flame retardant of 30%, and the tensile index changed from 56.43 N·m/g to 51.98 N·m/g. Meanwhile, the thermal decomposition process changed from two stages to three stages, during which apparent decreases were observed in the peak heat release rate, the effective heat of combustion and total heat release. Moreover, the residual char weight after the paper combustion increased from 22.09% to 31.81%, the ID/IG decreased from 2.01 to 1.74, and more cross-linking bonds of O P-O-C, P-O-C, and P-O-P generated in the char residue, which proved that a denser char layer was formed. Therefore, APP@EC apparently improved the fire retardancy of the cellulose paper while the tensile strength was basically maintained. • The ammonium polyphosphate was microencapsulated with ethyl cellulose and added to the pulp to prepare flame-retardant paper. • The APP@EC particles' surface became rough, the electronegativity and solubility decreased significantly. • Cellulosic paper containing EC microencapsulated APP gained outstanding flame-retardant performance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Biodegradable molecularly imprinted polymer-coated paper (MIP@paper) was effectively produced by polymerization using azinphos-methyl as a template molecule, terephthalic acid as a functional monomer, ethylene glycol dimethacrylate as a cross-linker, and aqueous ethanol as a green porogenic solvent. The material was subsequently composited onto cellulose paper, which served as the natural substrate, by dip coating with the aid of chitosan and citric acid natural adhesive. The properties, such as static and dynamic adsorption, selectivity, and reusability, were assessed. At rapid adsorption equilibrium (10 min), the MIP@paper had a high adsorption capacity in the range of 2.5–3.7 mg g−1 and good recognition with imprinting factors up to 2.1. In addition, the proposed MIP@paper was utilized efficiently as a sorbent for dispersive solid phase extraction (d -SPE) of eight organophosphorus pesticides (OPPs) prior to high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis. The d -SPE-HPLC method displayed low detection limits of 1.2–4.5 μg kg−1 and significant enrichment factors (up to 320-fold). The proposed method was effectively applied for the determination of OPP residues in agricultural products, including fruits, vegetables, and cereal grains, with satisfactory spiked recoveries (80.1–119.1 %). Thus, the MIP@paper material provided a selective and environmentally favorable method for extracting and determining organophosphorus pesticides. [Display omitted] • A novel molecularly imprinted polymer-coated paper was proposed. • The material was synthesized in an aqueous ethanol medium under mild conditions. • A simple and rapid dispersive solid-phase extraction procedure was developed. • The method was successfully applied for quantification organophosphorus. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• ZIF-67 particles can be evenly distributed and tightly attached to the cellulose paper substrate. • Mild synthesis conditions combined with papermaking processes are suitable for mass production. • The composite filter has a hierarchical porous structure with a large specific surface area. • The optimum sample exhibited removal efficiencies of 98.52% for PM 2.5 and 99.00% for PM 10. • Composite papers possessed excellent mechanical properties and reusability. The combination of functional zeolitic imidazolate frameworks (ZIFs) with suitable substrates is promising for the preparation of advanced filtering materials. In this study, the bleached kraft softwood pulp (NBKP) was composited with ZIF-67 particles via an in situ growth method to fabricate functional paper. Enabled by the traditional papermaking process, ZIF-67 crystals were uniformly and tightly anchored on cellulosic fibers in a facile and economic way. The introduction of ZIF-67 boosted the mechanical performances of the composite paper owing to the presence of electrostatic interactions and hydrogen bonds. Meanwhile, the resultant paper presents hierarchical porous structure with a large specific surface area of 327.07 m2·g−1. The filters with hierarchical pore structure will provide a complex tortuous channel for passing particulates, which can increase the frequency of effective collision between filters and particulates. Air filtering tests demonstrated that the ZIF-67 entrapped paper has superior particle removal efficiency with a low pressure drop and a large dust holding capacity. The optimal ZP-3 sample displayed removal efficiencies of 98.52 % for PM 2.5 and 99.00 % for PM 10. Meanwhile, filtration quality factors were calculated to be 0.15 (PM 2.5) and 0.17 (PM 10), respectively. The filter also has good antibacterial activity. In addition, ZP-x composite paper is easy to regenerate and possesses good reusability. The high-efficient ZP-x filter will have potential applications in fields of air purification. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• N-protein detection in saliva without any sample treatment. • No waste solution after the saliva analysis. • Miniaturised and easy-to-use disposable device. • Smartphone-assisted electrochemical immunosensor. Herein, we developed a new waste solution-free paper-based electrochemical immunosensor for SARS-CoV-2 detection in saliva, by combining vertical and lateral flow. In detail, the device was constituted of a reservoir containing all reagents for the construction of the immunological chain onto the magnetic beads and a lateral flow holder which contained a polyester-based electrode, a magnet, and an adsorbent pad. The measurement was carried out by adding the saliva sample into the reservoir, followed by the addition of this solution in the hole present in the lateral flow holder. The successive additions of washing buffer and TMB solution in the lateral flow holder allowed the detection of N protein in saliva in the range of 0.06 to 4 µg/mL with a detection limit equal to 30 ng/mL. The analysis of several saliva samples with the sensing tool and the reference method, demonstrated the effectiveness of this device, being able to identify positive patients with high values of CT e.g. 35. This new configuration paves the way for the realization of any magnetic beads-based immunosystem without waste solution production, enlarging the application of paper-based devices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Remote testing is suitable when performing complex tests requiring careful training. • One-solution test is reliable to assess PROP status in live remote condition. • PROP impregnated paper disks are a valid alternative to solutions in lab setting. • PROP disks can be used out-of-lab if a strict control is provided by the personnel. • Reliable remote testing procedures will promote research in vulnerable populations. Solutions and paper disks are widely used methods for classifying people by their ability to perceive 6-n-propylthiouracil (PROP). Recently, remote sensory testing carried out under the supervision of the panel leader, has been found to be a valid alternative to the traditional lab-setting, offering several practical advantages. This study aimed to validate a protocol for PROP status assessment in remote condition and to compare the results obtained using solutions and paper disks. Individual differences in bitterness responsiveness and the relative classification between two different testing conditions (remote and laboratory) and two stimuli (solutions and disks) were compared. 77 subjects (18–30 years; 60 % women) participated in two sessions (one in laboratory and one in remote setting) and rated the perceived intensity of PROP solutions and disks. Mean PROP ratings did not vary across remote and lab conditions (p = 0.844). PROP phenotype classifications in remote-solution and lab-disk conditions were comparable to lab-solution reference condition (with a misclassification rate of 27 % and 31 % respectively, all occurring within contiguous groups). In contrast, the classification in remote-disk condition was not fully comparable (misclassification in respect to lab-solution of 48 % in contiguous groups, and 1.3 % in non-contiguous groups). One-solution test appears as a reliable procedure for PROP status assessment in live remote testing. Also, impregnated paper disks represent a suitable alternative to solution testing in conventional lab setting for practical reasons. However, paper disks could represent a valid option for data collection outside the lab, but they require rigorous in-person control by the sensory personnel when used. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The use of paper as a smart support in the field of electrochemical sensors has been largely improved over the last 15 years, driven by its outstanding features such as foldability and porosity, which enable the design of reagent and equipment-free multi-analysis devices. Furthermore, the easy surface engineering of paper has been used to immobilize different bioreceptors, through physical adsorption, covalent bonding, and electrochemical polymerization, boosting the fine customization of the analytical performances of paper-based biosensors. In this review, we focused on the strategies to engineer the surface of the paper for the immobilization of (bio)recognition elements (eg., enzymes, antibodies, DNA, molecularly imprinted polymers) with the overriding goal to develop accurate and reliable paper-based electrochemical biosensors. Furthermore, we highlighted how to take advantage of paper for designing smart configurations by integrating different analytical processes in an eco-designed analytical tool, starting from the immobilization of the (bio)receptor and the reagents, through a designed sample flow along the device, until the analyte detection. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• The influence of nanoparticles on the dielectric properties of neem oil was investigated. • Dielectric properties of the base liquid increases with nanoparticles loading. • Effect of temperature on the dielectric loss of the nanofluids was investigated. • The compatibility test of the nanofluid with kraft paper was investigated. • Nanofluid has no pronounce effects on the dielectric properties of kraft paper. Methyl ester from vegetable oil has been considered a potential replacement for mineral oil used for power transformer cooling and insulating applications. However, some pertinent properties in making this liquid a better transformer oil based on the laydown standards need to be enhanced to maximize the use of this insulating liquid. Technology involving nano-modification can enhance the properties of these ester liquids placing them in a better position as a good alternative. In this study, we aim to investigate the performance of methyl ester liquid from neem seed oil, a non-food grade oil, when modified with SiO 2 insulating nanoparticles at several concentrations. Furthermore, Kraft paper compatibility has also been analyzed to observe their compatibility after impregnation. The breakdown strength, temperature-dependent dissipation loss factor, dielectric constant, and viscosity of both pure and nanofluid samples of neem ester liquid have been measured per standard methods. The nanofluid's dielectric performance has been significantly enhanced by the presence of SiO 2 nanoparticles according to results obtained from the experiment. For instance, the dielectric dissipation factor at an operating frequency of 60 Hz has been improved by 96%, 89%, and 79% at 30 °C, 50 °C, and 70 °C respectively relative to the base neem liquid. This remarkable improvement has been attributed to the SiO 2 nanoparticle's ability to polarize, trap, and de-trap mobile electrons develop in nanofluid when an electric field is applied. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• The influence of nanoparticles on the dielectric properties of neem oil was investigated. • Dielectric properties of the base liquid increases with nanoparticles loading. • Effect of temperature on the dielectric loss of the nanofluids was investigated. • The compatibility test of the nanofluid with kraft paper was investigated. • Nanofluid has no pronounce effects on the dielectric properties of kraft paper. Methyl ester from vegetable oil has been considered a potential replacement for mineral oil used for power transformer cooling and insulating applications. However, some pertinent properties in making this liquid a better transformer oil based on the laydown standards need to be enhanced to maximize the use of this insulating liquid. Technology involving nano-modification can enhance the properties of these ester liquids placing them in a better position as a good alternative. In this study, we aim to investigate the performance of methyl ester liquid from neem seed oil, a non-food grade oil, when modified with SiO 2 insulating nanoparticles at several concentrations. Furthermore, Kraft paper compatibility has also been analyzed to observe their compatibility after impregnation. The breakdown strength, temperature-dependent dissipation loss factor, dielectric constant, and viscosity of both pure and nanofluid samples of neem ester liquid have been measured per standard methods. The nanofluid's dielectric performance has been significantly enhanced by the presence of SiO 2 nanoparticles according to results obtained from the experiment. For instance, the dielectric dissipation factor at an operating frequency of 60 Hz has been improved by 96%, 89%, and 79% at 30 °C, 50 °C, and 70 °C respectively relative to the base neem liquid. This remarkable improvement has been attributed to the SiO 2 nanoparticle's ability to polarize, trap, and de-trap mobile electrons develop in nanofluid when an electric field is applied. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Proper equipment maintenance can significantly reduce overall operating costs by boosting productivity. Management personnel often consider maintenance an expense; however, a more positive approach is to view maintenance as a profit center. Considering this new perspective, the requirements for maintenance management have changed drastically from the traditional concept of fix-it-when-broken to a more complex approach that entails adopting a maintenance strategy for a more integrated approach and alignment. This paper presents a Goal Programming (GP) approach to define the most cost-effective method for maintaining some critical pumps in the paper industry. The failure mode and effects analysis (FMEA) criteria consider each machine failure's occurrence, severity, and detection. After determining the weights, the optimal strategy for each failure is calculated by solving the goal programming. Thus, FMEA can be used to design a network structure for each pump failure mode. For this purpose, the limitations and goals affecting the model are obtained from research literature and interviews with experts. Regarding resource utilization and failure reduction, the results demonstrate that predictive and preventive maintenance strategies are superior to corrective strategies. Therefore, these strategies can predict failures, provide helpful information to maintenance managers, and limit the negative aspects of a failure regarding safety and cost. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• PDADMAC/PSS/Au@Ag NRs filter paper is a kind of disposable environment-friendly flexible SERS substrate. • The PDADMAC/PSS modified filter paper showed the potential of SERS substrate for nanoparticle self-assembly. • The prepared paper-based SERS substrate had high SERS activity and good reproducibility. • PDADMAC/PSS/Au@Ag NRs filter paper realized the "paste-reading" detection of MP, TMTD and CPF on the pericarp. The goal of food safety supervision is to directly identify the pesticide residues on the surface of fruits and vegetables. This study proposed to develop a facile, non-destructive, and sensitive method based on surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) to detect non-systemic pesticides on the surface of fruits and vegetables. The composite material was prepared by loading CTAB guided Au@Ag NRs with positive charge onto filter paper which was modified with PDADMAC(+) and PSS(−) using electrostatic adsorption. Au@Ag NRs with bimetallic synergies were effectively adsorbed in the fiber grid to generate 3D SERS hotspots within a few microns of depth. The results showed that the 3D composite flexible substrate had a high SERS activity, great repeatability, and sensitivity when the method was utilized to detect 4-MBA, methyl-parathion, thiram and chlorpyrifos. Three kinds of non-systemic pesticides on the peel could be detected directly and quickly owing to the arbitrary bending of the substrate, demonstrating the efficiency of the SERS "paste-reading" method. The acquired findings demonstrated that PDADMAC/PSS/Au@Ag NRs composite filter paper had the potential to provide rapid feedback for in- situ analysis of pesticide residues on the surface of fruit and vegetable. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In order to solve the problems of high cost and high brittleness of commercial carbon fiber paper, a low-cost mass production method of carbon fiber paper for flexible super capacitor was proposed. The dispersant CMC-Na is utilized to achieve uniform dispersion of chopped carbon fiber in a water system through ultrasonic dispersion. Sheath-core composite (PE/PET) fiber not only enhances the tensile strength of CFP but also consolidates the electrode network structure formed based on carbon fiber structure. The CFP-3 electrode, impregnated with 3 % AC phenolic resin, exhibits excellent mechanical and electrochemical properties. SEM images reveal that AC is deposited on each carbon fiber and that the CFP-3 electrode retains its three-dimensional structure (with a porosity of 71.2 %), providing an effective permeation path for electrons (with an electrical conductivity of 0.871 S m−1). The CFP-3 electrode can restore its original shape after folding and bending without damage. Electrochemical tests demonstrate that the CFP-3 electrode has a high areal capacitance of 507.2 mF cm−2 at a current density of 0.5 mA cm−2. At a current density of 10 mA cm−2, the capacitance retention rate of the CFP-3 electrode is 96.1 % after 5000 charge-discharge cycles, owing to the well-interconnected structure of the carbon fiber paper. Furthermore, when used as a direct electrode, CFP exhibits excellent stability. Most notably, the cost of producing the CFP-3 electrode (0.0314 m2) is only $0.195, significantly lower than that of commercial products, excluding equipment, utilities, and labor costs. This research provides valuable insights for the low-cost, large-scale production of paper-based flexible supercapacitors. [Display omitted] • Carbon fiber, PE/PET fiber, AC, CMC-Na and ultrasonic dispersion were prepared by traditional wet-mold papermaking method. • The cost of producing each CFP-3 electrode (0.0314 m2) is only $0.195, excluding equipment, utilities, and labor costs. • The areal capacitance of the CFP-3 electrode can reach 507.2 mF cm-2 at 0.5 mF cm-2 and retains 98.2% after 5000 cycles. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This position paper prepared by the Japanese Working Group on Integrated Nutrition for Dysphagic People (JWIND) aims to summarize the need for nutritional management in adult patients with dysphagia, the issues that nutrition professionals should address, and the promising approaches as well as to propose a vision for the future of nutritional care for adult patients with dysphagia. JWIND is a joint certification system recognized by the Japan Dietetic Association and the Japanese Society of Dysphagia Rehabilitation; its members are mostly experts known as "Certified Specialist of Registered Dietitian for Dysphagia Rehabilitation." Malnutrition and dysphagia are associated with each other. Therefore, malnutrition detection and intervention are essential for patients with dysphagia. However, evidence on the usefulness nutritional assessment and intervention to ensure appropriate nutritional care remains insufficient. Here, we present current knowledge of the relationship between primary diseases causing dysphagia and malnutrition, the indicators used for nutritional assessment, and nutritional interventions such as texture-modified diet (TMD) quality improvement, oral nutritional supplementation, and comprehensive intervention. We also discuss the current status and issues in nutritional care for adult patients with dysphagia. Furthermore, we have proposed measures that nutrition professionals should consider based on 3 perspectives: nutritional assessment, TMD, and nutritional intervention. Individualized and specialized nutritional management by registered dietitians (RDs) through appropriate assessment of the nutritional status of adult patients with dysphagia is needed. To maintain and improve swallowing function and nutritional status, RDs should intervene from the state of risk or early dysphagia onset, providing individualized care per their expertise as part of a multidisciplinary team. However, systematic clinical practice and research regarding the association of nutrition with dysphagia are currently insufficient. Therefore, further clinical practice and evidence building, including the verification of the efficacy on nutritional support through intervention research, are needed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• The application of PVDF UF membrane in pilot secondary effluent treatment from paper mills was studied. • Pore blockage and cake deposition were found to be the major fouling mechanism. • PVA-217 was identified as the main cause of the membrane pore blockage. • Ca2+ formed complexes with PVA-217 was developed as an efficient way to reduce membrane fouling. Papermaking industry discharges a huge amount of effluent and recycling of processed water with membrane technology has become predominate treatment protocol. In this study, poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF) ultrafiltration membrane was employed to treat the effluent of secondary sedimentation tank from a paper mill. The results of 600 -hs continuous running showed that the PVDF membrane was seriously fouled with increased surface roughness during the filtrating process. Characterization of the fouled PVDF membrane revealed that pore blockage and cake deposition were the main fouling mechanism. The foulants in the pores were mainly oxygen-contained organics, and the foulants on the surface were mainly metal complexes and large particle. Wastewater analysis indicated the co-existence of PVA (1.0 mg/L) and Ca2+ (16.7 mg/L) in the secondary effluent. Pores blocking mechanism was caused by strong adheresion of PVA-217 and cake deposition mechanism was induced with macromolecular complexes of calcium ions bonding to PVA-217. The results obtained in this study demonstrated the fouling mechanism in the secondary effluent treatment. The understanding could help to find a feasible chemical method to clean the fouled polymeric membrane with washing agents as NaClO, NaOH and HCl in steps. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A free-standing cathode without any binder, conductor, and current collector is attractive due to its reduced weight and cost. This study introduces nitrogen-rich and hierarchical porous carbon fibers in the form of a free-standing carbon paper synthesized by NaBH 4 -aided electrospinning and subsequent CO 2 annealing. This modified process leads to a large mesopore volume of 1.007 cm3 g−1 and exposes the nitrogen inside the polymer to the surface of the fiber, resulting in the outstanding surface nitrogen content of 19.38 wt% with abundant pyridinic-N and pyrrolic-N of 16.24 wt% in total surface atoms, while eliminating any further treatment for increasing porosity or coating the polar active sites. The resultant material impregnated by sulfur and filtered by a graphene solution is directly employed as a cathode without any additives. As a result, the capacity is maintained at 696 mAh g−1 up to the 500th cycle at 0.2 C, and 645 mAh g−1 at a high current density of 5.0 C. Even with a high sulfur loading of 6.11 mg cm−2, a remarkable areal capacity of 3.09 mAh cm−2 is recorded after 500 cycles at 0.2 C with the free-standing form preserved. Image 1 • NaBH 4 -added electrospinning and subsequent heat treatment under CO 2 atmosphere. • High meso pore volume of 1.007 cm3 g−1, and surface nitrogen contents of 19.38 wt%. • Employed as a cathode without any additives due to a free-standing paper form. • High sulfur amount of 6.11 mg cm−2, and capacity of 3.09 mAh cm−2 for 500 cycles. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this note is to show that many papers on various kinds of filters (and related concepts) in (subreducts of) residuated structures are in fact easy consequences of more general results that have been known for a long time. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • FeCu@BC catalysts were synthesized using a simple one-step pyrolysis method. • FeCu@BC 600-2 exhibited good magnetic separation ability and excellent reusability. • The synergistic effect of Fe 3 O 4 , Cu0 and Biochar maintains high RhB removal. • Key ROS involves •OH at pH 3, and •OH and 1O 2 at pH 7, respectively. • sp2 C = C in biochar and Cu(I) from Cu0 facilitated the reduction of Fe(III) Treating the wastes generated from pulp and paper mills, such as black liquor and Fenton sludge is challenging. In this study, the biochar-supported Fe-Cu bimetallic catalysts were synthesized by a one-step pyrolysis method using Fenton sludge as iron source, acid-precipitated black liquor (APBL) as carbon source and copper nitrate as copper source. The catalysts were used to remove rhodamine B (RhB) dye from aqueous solution by Fenton-like reaction. The optimal catalyst (FeCu@BC 600-2) was pyrolyzed at 600 °C with an Fe/Cu mixing ratio of 2 and consisted of mesoporous biochar supported nanoscale Fe 3 O 4 and Cu0. It had a specific surface area of 104.6 m2·g−1 and a saturation magnetization of 33.3 emu·g−1. In the FeCu@BC 600-2 /H 2 O 2 system, RhB dye (10 mg·L-1) was completely removed within 60 min at acidic pH (initial pH 3, 0.2 g·L-1 catalyst, 1 mM H 2 O 2) or 6 h at neutral pH (initial pH 7, 0.25 g·L-1 catalyst, 25 mM H 2 O 2) at 30 °C. Moreover, the FeCu@BC 600-2 exhibited good magnetic separation ability, low metal leaching, excellent reusability and broad applicability to other synthetic dyes. The dye removal mechanism involved the synergistic effect of adsorption and catalytic oxidation (especially heterogeneous catalytic oxidation). At acidic pH, RhB degradation was due to •OH radical, which was generated from the activation of H 2 O 2 by ≡Cu(I) or Cu(I) oxidized from Cu0 and ≡Fe(II) in Fe 3 O 4. At neutral pH, RhB degradation was mainly due to •OH and 1O 2 with the former being produced by ≡Cu(I) and ≡Fe(II). Furthermore, Cu(I) oxidized from Cu0 and the active functional groups (such as sp2 C = C) in the biochar facilitated the reduction of Fe(III) to Fe(II), resulting in a high catalytic oxidation efficiency. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The environmental and efficiently extracted cellulose technology with a high α-cellulose content from agricultural waste hemp stalks were treated by prepared Pectin Lyase (PL) and trace chemical additives. This extraction technique can obtain different α-cellulose content to meet the conditions for preparing pulp (PPs), viscose fibers (VFs) and nanofibrillated cellulose (CNFs). Specifically, fermentation process of PL (temperature, time, rotation rate and centrifugation rate) was evaluated on the reductive sugar concentration, fungus concentration and activity of hydrolase and lyase. Additionally, the morphological structure, chemical structure, crystallization structure, intermolecular action, and technical indicators of PPs, VFs and CNFs were characterized. The optimal results of fermenting PL were 10.3 U/mL of lyase activity and 36.1 U/mL of hydrolase activity. The technical indicators of PPs were 14.30 N·m/g of the horizontal ring pressure and 64 of the horizontal fold resistance times; The technical indicators of VFs were 2.13 cN/dtex of the intensity and 19.36% of the elongation at break; The length and width of CNFs were 326 nm and 3 nm, respectively. [Display omitted] • Cellulose was efficiently extracted from hemp stalk by pectin lyase. • Optimized the comprehensive analysis of one-factor tests by the Box-Behnken. • According to the α-cellulose content prepared paper pulp, viscose fiber, and nanofibrillated cellulose. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Laser-induced graphene from paper (paper-LIG) was applied in non-enzymatic electrochemical sensing of uric acid (UA) in human urine. Paper-LIG was formed by CO 2 laser modification of paper into a 3D graphene arrangement. Kinetic analysis of paper-LIG electrodes returned effective heterogeneous electron transfer standard rate constants of 1.4 × 10−3 cm s−1 and 7.8 × 10−4 cm s−1 for [Ru(NH 3) 6 ]2+/3+ and [Fe(CN) 6 ]4−/3− redox probes, respectively. These electrodes were able to detect and quantify uric acid in PBS within the 10–300 μM range at pH between 5.6 and 7.4. At pH 7.4, a linear response (R2 = 0.999) from 10 to 250 μM was achieved, with a limit of detection of 3.97 μM and a sensitivity of 0.363 μA cm−2 μM−1. Paper-LIG electrodes denoted adequate selectivity in synthetic urine as well as in ascorbic acid (AA) and dopamine (DA)-containing electrolytes. Determination of urinary UA content in human samples returned a concentration of c.a. 1.8–1.9 mM, within the range for healthy individuals. Recoveries of samples spiked with 50 and 100 μM UA were 100.6% and 95.4%, respectively, with satisfactory reproducibility and stability. These cheap, lightweight, flexible, and eco-friendly paper-LIG biosensors for non-enzymatic quantification of UA in human urine pave the way to widespread application in the detection of other important biomarkers. [Display omitted] • "Green" graphene electrodes by CO 2 laser irradiation of paper ("paper-LIG"). • Uric acid (UA) quantification at clinically relevant concentrations and pH (5.6–7.4). • Limit of detection of 3.97 μM and a sensitivity of 0.363 μA cm−2 μM−1 (pH = 7.4). • Adequate selectivity in synthetic urine, as well as in ascorbic acid and dopamine-containing electrolytes. • Recoveries of 100.6% and 95.4% for human urine samples spiked with 50 and 100 μM UA. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Preservation of paper-based historical artifacts against deterioration due to the presence of bacteria and fungi colonies has been one of the major issues for the importance of protecting the cultural heritage of humankind. Advances in nanotechnology have enabled the implementation of nanomaterials for this purpose. In this work, calcium/chitosan nanoparticles (Ca/CS NPs) were prepared and well-characterized to investigate their potential as a novel approach for preserving paper-based documents. Following the fundamental characterizations, it was found that Ca/CS NPs are spherical nanoparticles with ~65 nm average size and homogenous dispersion (PdI: 0.2). Besides, minimum inhibition concentration results revealed that Ca/CS NPs show a superior antimicrobial effect against specific bacteria and fungi strains commonly found on paper documents compared to the effect of bare chitosan nanoparticles (CS NPs). After the deposition of Ca/CS NPs onto the paper the pH level was increased and stabilized, and only a limited amount of microbial colony formation was observed for up to 20 days. Moreover, molecular docking analysis provided a better insight into the antibacterial and antifungal activities of these nanoparticles. The antimicrobial activity of CS NPs and Ca/CS NPs was investigated through their interactions with E. coli DNA gyrase B and C. albicans dihydrofolate reductase. The binding modes and all possible interactions of active sites were confirmed by in silico molecular docking method. Collectively, our findings revealed that the formulated Ca/CS NPs are promising candidates for preserving paper documents. [Display omitted] • Calcium/chitosan nanoparticles (Ca/CS NPs <100nm) were successfully prepared via the modified ionic gelation method • Ca/CS NPs displayed enhanced antibacterial and antifungal activity compared to bare chitosan nanoparticles. • Antimicrobial activities of chitosan and calcium/chitosan moieties were investigated through molecular docking analysis. • Paper protection potential of the Ca/CS NPs was evaluated through the antimicrobial analysis and the pH stability test. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Oxidation and flocculation presented a significant synergistic effect. • Flocculation promoted the transformation of bound EPS to S-EPS after oxidation treatment. • Flocculation played a more important role than Oxidation in the combined conditioning. • The decrease of bound water contents and enhancement of flocs strength were the major mechanism of sludge dewaterability. [Display omitted] Due to the high hydrophilicity of extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) and colloidal property of sludge solids, applying efficient methods has attracted much attention for enhancing sludge dewatering. The oxidation and following flocculation of paper activated sludge is usually used alone or in combined conditioning with other pretreatments for sludge dewatering deeply. However, few studies are reported on the systematic comparison and role positioning of oxidation and flocculation conditioning. The results indicated that the sludge dewaterability of the combined potassium permanganate (KMnO 4) and ferric chloride (FeCl 3) conditioning was enhanced significantly with FeCl 3 dosage decreasing by 75 % compared with individual FeCl 3 conditioning. The mechanism is a synergistic effect of oxidation stripping and flocculation re-construction: larger agglomerated sludge flocs formed, and more bound water was released. FeCl 3 played a more important role than KMnO 4 for sludge dewaterability. The contents of bound water, S-EPS, maximum shear stress, and hysteresis area were the critical factors for sludge dewaterability. These findings provided further understanding of the combined oxidation and flocculation processes for improving dewaterability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Exploring cellulolytic secretome is a promising strategy to produce a cost-effective enzyme preparation for biorefinery of lignocellulosic waste. In this study, a fungal secretome from Talaromyces sp. BRG1 was produced with pretreated sugarcane bagasse (SCB) as the inductive substrate. Hydrolysis capacity of BRG1 secretome and commercial enzyme Cellic® Ctec2 were compared on SCB and then applied to paper pulp (PP). Normalised activity profile of cocktails based on filter paper unit activity (FPU) indicated that BRG1 secretome exhibited a higher endo-glucanase (CMCU, × 4.4) and endo-xylanase activities (EnXU, × 1.6) but lower avicelase (AVCU, /8.4) and cellobiase (CBU, /3.4) activities. Lignocellulolytic cocktails were examined on SCB as reference before applied on PP at 3% w/v solid loading in batch mode for 24 h. For both substrates and enzyme loading ratio (0.3 and 3.0 FPU/g cellulose), the glucose yield by BRG1 secretome was 2 times higher than Cellic® Ctec2. In-situ viscometry confirmed the quicker liquefaction efficiency of secretome over Ctec2. At 0.3 FPU/g cellulose, the suspension viscosity of PP collapsed completely after 12 h with BRG1 secretome whereas a limited reduction to 44% was observed with Ctec2. Ex-situ particle size distribution revealed a stronger reduction of coarse and fine particles with BRG1 secretome compared to Ctec2. • Production of a substrate-specific cellulolytic secretome from Talaromyces sp. BRG1. • Comparison of secretome efficiency by normalizing activities based on FPU. • Combining morphological, rheological, and biochemical methods to assess hydrolysis. • Observation of high hydrolysis and liquefaction rates at low enzyme loading. • Validation of BRG1 secretome with paper pulp and pretreated sugarcane bagasse. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Vaginal foreign bodies represent a clinical and diagnostical challenge. • Most common symptoms are vaginal discharge and vaginal blood loss. Only 10% of patients presented with the complaint of a possible foreign object. Although a minority of patients develop complications, those with a battery as a foreign object are at a higher risk of mucosal injuries. • Ultrasonography is the most utilized diagnostic method, with a sensitivity of 79.9%. Radiography showed more false-negative than true-positive results, with a sensitivity of 33.3%. • Vaginoscopy is the gold standard for definitive diagnosis and therapy, as outpatient or under anesthesia. • A possible context of sexual violence should be considered, regardless the nature of the object. Vaginal foreign bodies represent a clinical and diagnostical challenge in pediatric gynecology. Several case reports, case series and retrospective studies have been published, highlighting rare or complex cases. A comprehensive systematic review is lacking. Published English-language articles on vaginal foreign objects in patients aged 16 years and younger, with full-text availability were included. Articles on adult patients and patients with an object migrating from the abdominal cavity into the vagina were excluded. Out of the 215 screened articles 75 were included, comprising a total of 522 patients. The age ranged from 6 months to 16 years, with an average of 6 years and 3 months. The presenting symptoms were documented in 340 patients, with the two most common being vaginal bleeding (n = 172) and vaginal discharge (n = 134). Toilet paper or tissue was the most common object, in 155 out of 447 patients. Ultrasonography was the most utilized diagnostic method, with a sensitivity of 79.9 %. Radiography showed more false-negative than true-positive results, with a sensitivity of 33.3 %. Complications were reported in 35 patients. Evidence of sexual abuse was found in a small group of 16 patients. Vaginoscopy under sedation was the most frequently used therapeutic approach. A swift and accurate diagnosis is crucial, with clinical examination and ultrasonography playing pivotal roles. Vaginoscopy is the gold standard for definitive diagnosis and therapy. Attention should be given to a potential context of sexual abuse. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

SO 2 -depolarized electrolysis (SDE) is the key step of the hybrid sulfur (HyS) process, which is one of the simplest thermochemical cycles for producing hydrogen by water splitting. Exploration and optimization of flow field/structure design is essential for improving the efficiency of SDE. In this work, graphite plates with different flow channels, together with porous graphite felts or carbon papers as diffusion layers are adopted to fabricate SDE cells with different structures. Evaluation of the cell structures is carried out, by comparing the SDE performance and taking into account the fluid resistance (pressure drop) of anode side. The effects of graphite felt compression ratio, hydrophilicity or hydrophobicity of carbon papers, anodic fluid flow rate, and operating temperature on the SDE performance are investigated. Square porous flow fields provided by graphite felts show excellent performance. Serpentine channel covered by hydrophobic carbon paper reveals advantages when adopted on the cathode side. Combination of above two flow fields and using them on anode and cathode sides respectively, could achieve excellent SDE performance. Under the condition of 40 °C and 360 mL/min anolyte flow rate, the current density could reach 760 mA/cm2 at the cell voltage of 1.19 V. • 16 SDE cells are fabricated with different flow field plates and diffusion layers. • Performance of electrolytic cells with different structure varies greatly. • Anodic fluid resistance used to assist analysis of performance difference of cells. • Effects of felt compression ratio and carbon paper hydrophobicity are discussed. • High performance achieved by arranging GF & hydrophobic carbon paper properly. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A range of energy fuels (ethanol, char, oil/wax and gas) was produced from fibre waste contaminated with plastic through the application of a fermentation-pyrolysis route. The fibre component was first converted to ethanol by simultaneous saccharification and fermentation (SSF), achieving an ethanol concentration of 39.8 g/L. The residue, enriched in lignin and plastics, was subjected to fast pyrolysis at temperatures between 350 and 550 °C. A wax product with a higher heating value (HHV) higher than 28 MJ/kg was obtained for temperatures higher than 450 °C, while values lower than 15 MJ/kg were observed for the oils produced from the untreated waste stream. Pyrolysis at 550 °C produced a wax with an HHV as high as 32.1 MJ/kg, where 51.8% of the energy content of the fermentation residue was transferred. The attractive energy contents of the pyrolysis products were enabled by oxygen removal from the feedstock during fermentation to ethanol. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

For the electro-reduction of CO 2 to syngas, the fabrication of electrodes with excellent and adjustable catalytic performance is a critical step. In this work, Ni particles encapsulated in N-doped carbon nanotubes on carbon paper (Ni@N-CNTs/CP) composites were designed and prepared via an in-situ chemical vapor deposition method. As confirmed by different characterization techniques, the Ni@N-CNTs are successfully synthesized, and the surface of the CP is evenly covered by the Ni@N-CNTs. The effects of Ni content and treating temperature on the textural properties of composites are carefully investigated. The Ni@N-CNTs/CP composites are directly employed as the electrode for electro-reduction of CO 2 , and the action mechanisms of the N species, Ni particles, and N-CNTs structure are explored as well. The electrode exhibits excellent catalytic activity and high stability, reaching a specific current of 10 mA cm−2. The H 2 /CO ratio in the achieved syngas can be tuned in the range of 5/1 to 1/1.5. Image 1 • A in-situ CVD method was employed to fabricate an electrode for electro-reduction of CO 2. • The as-synthesized Ni@N-CNTs evenly cover on the whole surface of CP. • The Ni@N-CNTs/CP electrode exhibits high CO 2 reduction activity and stability. • The ratio of H 2 /CO can be adjusted in the range of 5/1 to 1/1.5. • The action mechanism of different components are detailedly investigated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cellulose is now considered as an appealing environment friendly material for the development of sustainable separators for rechargeable batteries. This study thus aims to develop high performance paper based ceramic separators with superior electrolyte wettability (>170 %), high thermal stability (>200 °C) and excellent flame safety. While developing paper based ceramic separator, extensive studies are carried out to understand thenature and functionality of different nano-structured ceramic materials (Al 2 O 3 , BaTiO 3 and ZrO 2) impregnated in paper matrix. Nano-ZrO 2 facilitates an effective pathway for Li +-ion transport (t Li + = 0.51), whereas BaTiO 3 and Al 2 O 3 ceramics show moderate Li +-ion transport properties (t Li+ of 0.29 and 0.30 respectively). Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy (EIS) measurement clearly reveals that ZrO 2 exhibits more interfacial compatibility with the electrodes (MCMB and LiNi 1/3 Mn 1/3 Co 1/3 O 2) compared to the other two ceramic separators during full cell operation. The developed paper separators show excellent electrochemical properties in terms of cycling (tested 300 cycles), multi-electrode compatibility and rate capabilities at different current densities of 0.1–1.2 mAcm−2. The pre- and post-electrochemical EIS data reveal that ZrO 2 based impregnation offers significantly lower charge transfer resistance compared to the other two separators. The study thus demonstrates a real promise for its successful application in Li-ion battery towards achieving sustainability and safety. [Display omitted] • Sustainable, flexible and high safety ceramic based paper separators for LIBs. • Separators were developed using easy to scale up wet-coating process. • Ceramic impregnation affects physical and electrochemical properties of the separators. • Paper separators show superior electrolyte wettability and high thermal stability. • Better electrochemical performances and flame safety are other important advantages. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The surface properties of melamine-urea-formaldehyde (MUF) impregnated paper decorative panels are unsatisfactory, characterized by brittle surfaces, poor abrasion resistance, and limited flame retardancy. A modification was introduced to the MUF resin by incorporating a blend of polyelectrolyte complex polyethyleneimine (PEI)-phytic acid (PA) and Nano-Al 2 O 3 with the aim of enhancing the surface properties of the decorative panel. The modified resin underwent characterization, and subsequent analyses were conducted to investigate the properties of both the modified impregnated paper and the decorative panel. The results showed that the thermal stability of the modified resin was improved with a curing temperature of 124 °C. In comparison to the control, the modified impregnated paper showed an increase of 146.0 % in tensile strength and 154.5 % in elongation at break. The improved toughness of the modified MUF-impregnated paper resulted in a notable upsurge in both surface bond strength and cracking resistance of the decorative panel. The combustion test results indicated that the modified impregnated had a LOI value of 40.0 % and self-extinguishing behavior. In addition, due to the inclusion of Nano-Al 2 O 3 , the decorative panel exhibited a low abrasion value of only 14.1 mg/100r. Overall, the technology proposed in this study can improve the surface properties of decorative panels, increase their added value, and provide a new strategy for modifying MUF resin in the impregnated paper-decorated wood-based panels industry and for researchers. [Display omitted] • MUF resin was modified using polyelectrolyte complex (PEI-PA) and Nano-Al 2 O 3. • Modified impregnated paper exhibited superior toughness and flame retardancy. • Blockboard with modified impregnated paper showed greatly improved surface properties. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• A novel bimetallic nanozyme (COF Fe/CoP-Ph) displayed excellent triple-enzyme mimetic activities. • The multiple enzyme-driven cascade catalysis strategy was proposed. • The colorimetric determination of malathion was achieved without the addition exogenous H 2 O 2. • A smartphone POCT analysis platform with integrated paper chip sensors was developed. Enzyme-induced biological cascade catalysis can achieve selective and efficient transformations of substrates in vivo. Thus, the biomimetic cascade systems have attracted much attention in biological detection on account of their ingenious strategies for signal conduction and amplification. In this study, a porphyrin-based covalent organic framework (COF Fe/CoP-Ph) with bimetal-nitrogen-coordinate centers (M − N 4) were constructed via Schiff base reaction. The synergistic effect of the highly exposed M − N 4 bimetallic active sites and the unique topology overcame the self-limitation of nanozyme, resulting in a significant enhancement of the triple-enzyme mimetic activities of COF Fe/CoP-Ph , namely oxidase (OXD)-, peroxidase (POD)-, and catalase (CAT)-like activities. Simultaneously, a multiple enzyme-driven cascade catalysis strategy for signal amplification was proposed utilizing the OXD- and POD-like mimetic mechanisms of COF Fe/CoP-Ph , enabling the colorimetric determination of malathion without the addition exogenous H 2 O 2. The established colorimetric sensor exhibited an exceptional linear relationship within the range of 1–18 μM and a low detection limit of 11 nM. Subsequently, a portable smartphone platform was developed by integrating paper chip, facilitating successful malathion point-of-care testing (POCT) in real samples. This work not only creates a bimetallic COF nanozyme and establishes an efficient cascade amplification strategy, but also introduces a novel design approach for development of a low-cost and user-friendly POCT method. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• A novel MOF-based paper sheet was developed for passive indoor moisture control. • The MOF paper sheet has excellent moisture buffer capacity and mechanical properties. • A numerical model was developed to find the optimal thickness of the MOF paper sheet. • The energy-saving potential of wallpaper made of MOF paper sheet was investigated. Passive indoor moisture control is a meaningful way to reduce HVAC operation and improve building energy efficiency. Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) have been considered one of the most promising sorbent materials for passive indoor moisture control. However, the powder form of MOF is challenging to use in the built environment. Typical shaping methods like pellets, beads, and coating can lead to problems like partial pore blocking, insufficient mechanical stability, amorphization, and low material utilization. Here, we report a new sustainable MOF paper sheet comprising 25% cellulosic fibers and 75% MOF MIL-100(Fe) powder. The porous polymer matrix provides good support and fixation for MOF particles, so it's more applicable in the built environment. The crystalline and pore structure characteristics of the MOF in the membrane are well preserved. Hydro characteristic test results show that MIL-100(Fe) paper sheet has high water vapor uptake, S-shape isotherm, mild regeneration condition, and high MBV. Then, a numerical model was developed to calculate the relation between a material's MBV and its thickness. MIL-100(Fe) paper sheet with the most efficient thickness was applied as wallpaper in a building energy simulation model. The simulation result shows that the MIL-100(Fe) paper sheet is promising for passive indoor moisture control. It can remove about 45%-55% of the latent cooling load in most European climate types. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a prevalent neurodegenerative disease with no effective treatment. Efficient and rapid detection plays a crucial role in mitigating and managing AD progression. Deep learning-assisted smartphone-based microfluidic paper analysis devices (μPADs) offer the advantages of low cost, good sensitivity, and rapid detection, providing a strategic pathway to address large-scale disease screening in resource-limited areas. However, existing smartphone-based detection platforms usually rely on large devices or cloud servers for data transfer and processing. Additionally, the implementation of automated colorimetric enzyme-linked immunoassay (c-ELISA) on μPADs can further facilitate the realization of smartphone μPADs platforms for efficient disease detection. This paper introduces a new deep learning-assisted offline smartphone platform for early AD screening, offering rapid disease detection in low-resource areas. The proposed platform features a simple mechanical rotating structure controlled by a smartphone, enabling fully automated c-ELISA on μPADs. Our platform successfully applied sandwich c-ELISA for detecting the β-amyloid peptide 1–42 (Aβ 1–42, a crucial AD biomarker) and demonstrated its efficacy in 38 artificial plasma samples (healthy: 19, unhealthy: 19, N = 6). Moreover, we employed the YOLOv5 deep learning model and achieved an impressive 97 % accuracy on a dataset of 1824 images, which is 10.16 % higher than the traditional method of curve-fitting results. The trained YOLOv5 model was seamlessly integrated into the smartphone using the NCNN (Tencent's Neural Network Inference Framework), enabling deep learning-assisted offline detection. A user-friendly smartphone application was developed to control the entire process, realizing a streamlined "samples in, answers out" approach. This deep learning-assisted, low-cost, user-friendly, highly stable, and rapid-response automated offline smartphone-based detection platform represents a good advancement in point-of-care testing (POCT). Moreover, our platform provides a feasible approach for efficient AD detection by examining the level of Aβ 1–42, particularly in areas with low resources and limited communication infrastructure. The schematic diagram of the overview of an offline deep learning-assisted smartphone-based paper-based microfluidic platform for screening of Alzheimer's disease. [Display omitted] • Deep learning-assisted smartphone-based platform enables offline detection. • Fully automated microfluidic paper analysis devices (μPADs). • Smartphone-based platform for detection of biomarker of Alzheimer's disease. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Nano-modified natural ester- paper cellulose interface can adsorb more H 3 O+. • Acids in paper cellulose is significantly reduced after nano-modification. • Nano-modification enhanced the ageing resistance of natural ester- paper cellulose system. The oil-paper insulation system will be affected by the synergistic effects of moisture and acids during long-term stable operation of the transformer. The moisture in the oil can be combined with the H+ionized from the acid molecules in the form of H 3 O+ by coordination, thus changing the proportion of acid distribution in the insulating oil and paper cellulose. Natural ester insulating oil, as a new development trend to replace mineral oil, can be significantly improved by adding nanoparticles to them. The diffusion behavior of H 3 O+ in paper cellulose and nano-SiO 2 -modified soybean oil-based natural ester insulating oil insulating system has been investigated using molecular dynamics in this article. The results indicate that the incorporation with nanoparticles is effective in mitigating the impact of temperature on the diffusion behavior of H 3 O+ in oil-paper insulation. Compared with the unmodified model, the nano-modified model results in a significant reduction in the concentration distribution of H 3 O+ in paper cellulose. The hydroxyl and ether bonds in paper cellulose will interact with H 3 O+ to generate hydrogen bonds and destroy its original hydrogen bonding network, while nanoparticles can inhibit diffusion by adsorbing H 3 O+ through hydroxyl oxygen atoms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]