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[Display omitted] • Semi-automated generation of regionalized paper recycling life-cycle inventories. • National impacts on climate change of recycling three paper grades in 191 countries. • Life-cycle assessment case study of Quebec's mixed wastepaper recycling system. Recycling is a commonly acknowledged strategy to reduce the environmental impacts linked to primary resource exploitation. Large regional variations can be observed in recycling processes' parameters, like efficiency, energy mix and treatment of rejects. Life-cycle assessment (LCA) is widely used to evaluate the environmental impacts of recycling processes, but existing studies are neither harmonized nor sufficient to provide a comprehensive geographical and technological coverage of recycling processes. The purpose of this research is to develop an efficient and iterative approach for the parametrized generation of semi-automated regionalized life-cycle inventories that take into account technological and geographical variabilities in the recycling sector. The regionalization framework is then applied to create a parametrized paper recycling regionalization tool. This tool is used in the results section to compare the national climate change impacts of recycling three paper grades. Results show a significant global warming impact variability between countries for recycled graphic paper (0.36 to 2.25 kg CO 2 -Eq/kg wastepaper recycled), newsprint (0.27 to 1.84 kg CO 2 -Eq/kg wastepaper recycled) and corrugated cardboard (0.28 to 1.68 kg CO 2 -Eq/kg wastepaper recycled) productions. A regionalized LCA of the international recycling of the mixed wastepaper exported from Quebec's (Canada) sorting centers is also performed with the tool and compared to the non-regionalized mixed wastepaper recycling process available in the ecoinvent database. Only nine midpoint ReCiPe impact categories remain environmentally advantageous compared to virgin paper production when applying the regionalization methodology, compared to sixteen when using the ecoinvent process, illustrating how regionalization can substantially influence LCA results. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A thermal method of synthesis and fixation of Pt nanoparticles (Pt NPs) on carbon paper is proposed in this paper. Carbon paper was coated with H 2 PtCl 6 by simple immersion in an ethanol solution containing the Pt precursor. Thereafter, H 2 PtCl 6 was decomposed in inert atmosphere into Pt NPs by applying a temperature of 600 °C. Formed Pt NPs were able to oxidize the surrounding carbon fiber surface. This local thermal oxidation of carbon promoted the generation of nano-roughness and Pt NPs were embedded in the carbon fiber, thus favoring their fixation on carbon paper. Pt load can be easily controlled by the number of coating processes applied. The proposed method combines the advantage of achieving small size nanoparticles (5–10 nm) with enhanced fixation of Pt NPs when compared with electrochemical synthesis. The optimal number of coatings applied was three, which produced a complete coverage of carbon paper surface (with a Pt load of 0.18 mg cm−2). • Thermal method of synthesis of PtNPs on carbon paper. • Formed PtNPs locally oxidize carbon paper support. • Pt nanoparticles are embedded in carbon paper fibers. • Size of Pt nanoparticles obtained is around 5–10 nm. • Thermal synthesis of PtNPs produce more electroactive NPs than electrochemical one. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the wake of the IT revolution of recent decades, Polish companies have experienced changes, such as the obligation to report financials in purely electronic form. This shift creates benefits but is also a source of challenges. The authors' inspiration for this research stems from the recognition of a clear research gap in the literature relating to the electronic reporting of micro and small companies. The article aims to verify how Poland's smallest companies covered by reporting obligations cope with the compulsory compilation, signing and publication of financial statements solely by electronic means. The study was qualitative in nature, followed a case study methodology, and concerned two Polish micro-companies. The results show that the entities analyzed essentially do cope with e-reporting. Certain attributes of these reports - - such as timeliness or completeness, are questionable, however. The results contribute to the understanding of the financial reporting practice by micro companies in Poland. They can indicate directions for changes in the actions taken by those involved in corporate reporting. Cognizance of this issue can also provide the regulator with directions for regulatory changes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The use of administrative databases and clinical registries in lower extremity arthroplasty research is growing. Such observational studies are unable to fully control for confounders and cannot establish causality. However, many authors use causal language when describing their aims or findings, potentially misleading readers. We examined the prevalence of causal language and inferences in the lower extremity arthroplasty literature. We systematically identified administrative database and registry studies on hip and knee arthroplasty that were published in 4 orthopaedic journals in 2020. Articles were graded independently by two reviewers for the presence of causal language in both the title and abstract and the full text. Chi-squared analyses were conducted to determine the relationship between the causality grading and article characteristics including the journal of publication. Of 116 eligible articles, we classified 79.3% of titles and abstracts as either consistently causal or inconsistently causal, with only 20.7% as consistently noncausal. A total of 40.5% of full texts were consistently causal, 49.1% were inconsistent, and 10.3% were consistently noncausal. Chi-squared analyses revealed no statistically significant association between the title and abstract's grading and the journal (P =.720) nor with the use of a database or registry (P =.716). Causal language and inferences were present in 79.3% of titles and abstracts of lower extremity arthroplasty observational database studies published in 2020. The high prevalence of causal language and inferences in the arthroplasty literature may mislead readers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The clinical spectrum of atrial fibrillation means that a patient-individualized approach is required to ensure optimal treatment. Cardiac computed tomography can accurately delineate atrial structure and function and could contribute to a personalized care pathway for atrial fibrillation patients. The imaging modality offers excellent spatial resolution and has been utilised in pre-, peri- and post-procedural care for patients with atrial fibrillation. Advances in temporal resolution, acquisition times and analysis techniques suggest potential expanding roles for cardiac computed tomography in the future management of patients with atrial fibrillation. The aim of the current review is to discuss the use of cardiac computed tomography in atrial fibrillation in pre-, peri- and post-procedural settings. Potential future applications of cardiac computed tomography including atrial wall thickness assessment and epicardial fat volume quantification are discussed together with emerging analysis techniques including computational modelling and machine learning with attention paid to how these developments may contribute to a personalized approach to atrial fibrillation management. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Actionable incidental findings (AIFs) are common in radiologic imaging. Imaging is commonly performed in emergency department (ED) visits, and AIFs are frequently encountered, but the ED presents unique challenges for communication and follow-up of these findings. The authors formed a multidisciplinary panel to seek consensus regarding best practices in the reporting, communication, and follow-up of AIFs on ED imaging tests. A 15-member panel was formed, nominated by the ACR and American College of Emergency Physicians, to represent radiologists, emergency physicians, patients, and those involved in health care systems and quality. A modified Delphi process was used to identify areas of best practice and seek consensus. The panel identified four areas: (1) report elements and structure, (2) communication of findings with patients, (3) communication of findings with clinicians, and (4) follow-up and tracking systems. A survey was constructed to seek consensus and was anonymously administered in two rounds, with a priori agreement requiring at least 80% consensus. Discussion occurred after the first round, with readministration of questions where consensus was not initially achieved. Consensus was reached in the four areas identified. There was particularly strong consensus that AIFs represent a system-level issue, with need for approaches that do not depend on individual clinicians or patients to ensure communication and completion of recommended follow-up. This multidisciplinary collaboration represents consensus results on best practices regarding the reporting and communication of AIFs in the ED setting. [Display omitted] [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Excessive trabeculation, often referred to as "noncompacted" myocardium, has been described at all ages, from the fetus to the adult. Current evidence for myocardial development, however, does not support the formation of compact myocardium from noncompacted myocardium, nor the arrest of this process to result in so-called noncompaction. Excessive trabeculation is frequently observed by imaging studies in healthy individuals, as well as in association with pregnancy, athletic activity, and with cardiac diseases of inherited, acquired, developmental, or congenital origins. Adults with incidentally noted excessive trabeculation frequently require no further follow-up based on trabecular pattern alone. Patients with cardiomyopathy and excessive trabeculation are managed by cardiovascular symptoms rather than the trabecular pattern. To date, the prognostic role of excessive trabeculation in adults has not been shown to be independent of other myocardial disease. In neonates and children with excessive trabeculation and normal or abnormal function, clinical caution seems warranted because of the reported association with genetic and neuromuscular disorders. This report summarizes the evidence concerning the etiology, pathophysiology, and clinical relevance of excessive trabeculation. Gaps in current knowledge of the clinical relevance of excessive trabeculation are indicated, with priorities suggested for future research and improved diagnosis in adults and children. [Display omitted] • Current evidence shows that the extent of trabeculated vs compact myocardium in the adult is determined by differential (allometric) growth of each myocardial layer. Because trabeculated myocardium does not coalesce to form the compact myocardial wall, the term "left ventricular noncompaction" is inaccurate and use should be discouraged. • Excessive trabeculation, as diagnosed using existing criteria, may be present as a normal variant or as a response to preload conditions. • In adults incidentally found to have excessive trabeculation with normal myocardial function and morphology, clinical management is determined by other cardiovascular symptoms or abnormalities, without regard to trabecular pattern. • In adults diagnosed with hypertrophic or dilated cardiomyopathy where excessive trabeculation is also present, the extent of ventricular trabeculation has not been demonstrated to alter management nor prognosis. Following guidelines developed specifically for those conditions is recommended. • In infants and children, caution is warranted because fewer data are available regarding the etiology and prognosis of excessive trabeculation. Clinical evaluation for occult neuromuscular disease or another genetic/metabolic etiology may be appropriate. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Liquid water saturation in carbon paper is measured • Quantifies the capillary trapping effect of isolated water drops in carbon papers • Proposes a model describing liquid water drops transport In previous macroscopic average models of proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs), liquid water was assumed to be continuous throughout the carbon paper. The transport of disconnected water drops in carbon paper has long been neglected in these models, which tend to underestimate water saturation in carbon paper. This study proposes a two-phase flow model that considers the transport of disconnected water drops to simulate the air-water transport in carbon paper. The proposed model was established based on the relationship between capillary force and liquid water saturation, and this relationship was obtained by conducting centrifuge experiments. In the centrifuge experiment, initially, the water saturation inside the carbon paper sample was one, and the centrifugal acceleration was zero. As the centrifugal acceleration increased, the water saturation decreased owing to the centrifugal force. After twenty seconds, the water saturation no longer decreases because the centrifugal force on the liquid water is balanced by the capillary force. Centrifugal acceleration was used to evaluate the capillary force. When the centrifugal acceleration was 185 m s − 2 , the saturation of the water drops in the balanced state was 32.0%. As the centrifugal acceleration increases to 739 m s − 2 , the saturation decreases to 6.5%. According to the experimental results, a function correlating the saturation and centrifugal acceleration, that is, the capillary force, was established. Finally, the results show that the centrifugal acceleration is more than 18.5 times that of the gravitational acceleration, indicating that the effect of gravity on the motion of water drops is negligible. [Display omitted] [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• H 2 O 2 modification of hydrochar increased surface functional groups on hydrochar. • Modified hydrochar adsorbed NH 4 + better than pristine hydrochar by two times. • NH 4 +adsorption was mainly controlled by cation exchange and electrostatic attraction. • Modified hydrochar can be used as a promising alternative adsorbent for NH 4 + removal. This work investigated adsorption behaviors of NH 4 + onto H 2 O 2 modified paper waste sludge-derived hydrochar (HPSH). Effect of various operational parameters, including modification ratio, solution pH, adsorbent dosage, initial NH 4 + concentration and contact time on NH 4 + adsorption was studied. Besides, the NH 4 + adsorption isotherms, kinetics and thermodynamics at different operational temperatures were systematically investigated. The textural, morphology, crystalline structure and surface chemistry characteristics of hydrochars were analyzed. Specially, NH 4 + adsorption mechanisms controlled by enriched oxygen-containing surface functional groups by treatment of H 2 O 2 onto hydrochars were deeply discussed. The results showed that the optimal treatment ratio between H 2 O 2 and PPSH was 40. Characterization data indicated H 2 O 2 modification increased the oxygen-containing functional groups on the hydrochar surface. The maximum adsorption capacity of HPSH-40 was 7.941 mg/g which was higher that of PPSH about double. NH 4 + adsorption onto hydrochars was well described by the pseudo-second-order model and Langmuir isotherm. The thermodynamic studies showed NH 4 + adsorption onto hydrochars was endothermic in nature. The mechanisms of NH 4 + adsorption onto hydrochars included π-cation interaction, cation exchange, surface complexation and electrostatic attraction which were attributed to the vital role of enriched oxygen-containing surface functional groups on hydrochar's surface. [Display omitted] [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Climate crisis is dramatically changing life on earth. Environmental sustainability and waste management are rapidly gaining centrality in quality improvement strategies of healthcare, especially in procedure-dominant fields such as gastroenterology and digestive endoscopy. Therefore, healthcare interventions and endoscopic procedures must be evaluated through the 'triple bottom line' of financial, social, and environmental impact. The purpose of the paper is to provide information on the carbon footprint of gastroenterology and digestive endoscopy and outline a set of measures that the sector can take to reduce the emission of greenhouse gases while improving patient outcomes. Scientific societies, hospital executives, single endoscopic units can structure health policies and investment to build a "green endoscopy". The AIGO study group reinforces the role of gastrointestinal endoscopy professionals as advocates of sustainability in digestive endoscopy. The "green endoscopy" can shape a more sustainable health service and lead to an equitable, climate-smart, and healthier future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Keywords Ash utilization; Canadian pulp paper mills; Biomass boiler ash; Fly ash; Bottom ash; Ash application Highlights * General ash characterization is not enough to find useful applications of ash. * Ash use in the liming agent requires different properties than ash use in concrete. * Ash must be characterized according to its application requirements. * PPM ash can mainly be used for concrete, ag lands, liming agent, and forest roads. Abstract Pulp and paper mill biomass boilers generate large quantities of ash in Canada with British Columbia (BC) being the highest ash generating province followed closely by Quebec. Generally, the generated ash is landfilled, particularly in BC, with only a small amount being used beneficially. It is anticipated that the difficulty associated with the management of ash will worsen over time as the industry increases its reliance on green fuel. Thus, there is a strong need to identify beneficial uses of pulp and paper boiler ash for the sake of environmental and economic sustainability. The purpose of this report is to provide the first step in this direction, a review of proposed or implemented uses for coal and hog (or wood) ash around the world. Considering both the properties of the ash and local opportunities, this could be the first step toward screening the applications that may apply to individual mills. Several large-scale practices use ash, such as land application (as a nutrient source or as a liming agent), use in the construction industry (as a replacement for cement or as a fill material), and reclamation of mine sites and stabilization of unpaved forest roads. In some cases, relatively small-scale applications have been used which included uses such as a compost component, agent for pH adjustment of liquid streams and slurries, blasting abrasive, and source of quartz for glass manufacturing to name a few. It is important to note that the chemical nature of both fly and bottom ashes can be quite variable due to the type of wood residues combusted as well as combustion equipment used and must be considered in identifying beneficial applications. Abbreviations AB, Alberta; ASTM, American Society for Testing and Materials; BC, British Columbia; CCE, Calcium Carbonate Equivalents; CCME, Canadian Council of Ministers of the Environment; CFIA, Canadian Food Inspection Agency; GHG, Greenhouse Gas; ITE, Inorganic Trace Element; LOI, Loss on Ignition; MSW, Municipal Solid Waste; NS, Nova Scotia; ON, Ontario; QC, Quebec; TNV, Total Neutralizing Value; XRF, X-ray Fluorescence Author Affiliation: (a) FPInnovations, Pointe-Claire, QC, H9R 3J9, Canada (b) FPInnovations, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z4, Canada * Corresponding author. Article History: Received 8 February 2022; Revised 29 June 2022; Accepted 9 July 2022 Byline: Allan Elliott [allan.elliott@fpinnovations.ca] (a), Talat Mahmood [talat.mahmood@fpinnovations.ca] (a), Abu Kamal [kamal.abu@gmail.com] (b,*)

Keywords Pulp and paper mill sludge; Land spreading; Waste management; Soil health; Soil ammendment Highlights * Land spreading paper pulp mill sludge (PPMS) offers economic and environmental benefit. * Characteristics and utility of PPMS vary with treatment level (primary vs secondary). * Co-application of N sources can prove beneficial in some cases. * Routine analysis and robust regulation prevent adverse outcomes from PPMS use. * Longer term studies on soil chemistry and ecology effects are warranted. Abstract It is estimated that >400 Mt of board and paper are produced globally per year, and that 4.3--40 kg (dw) of sludge like material, pulp and paper mill sludge (PPMS), is generated for every tonne of product. PPMS are now more widely reused in agriculture as a soil amendment due to their high organic content of 40--50% by weight, perceived low toxicity and possible liming capabilities. Within this review article historic and recent literature on PPMS land spreading are combined with knowledge of European and UK regulation to explore the benefits, potential impacts and viability of land spreading PPMS. The review reveals that risks relating to potential N immobilisation in soils post-application can be readily mitigated, if desired, by coapplication of an N source, or even pre-treatment of sludge via composting. The benefits to crops have been demonstrated emphatically, while negative ecological impacts under typical field application rates have not been observed to date. The case is therefore strong for continued land application of the material as an environmentally responsible and sustainable use option. However, there are currently gaps in the literature regarding longer-term implications of PPMS applications in agriculture and in regards to the possible presence of emerging contaminants in some PPMS materials, both of which have been identified as areas that merit further research. Author Affiliation: (a) School of Geography, Geology and the Environment, Keele University, Keele, ST5 5BG, UK (b) 4R Group, Control House, A1 Business Park, Knottingley Road, Knottingley, WF11 0BU, UK * Corresponding author. Article History: Received 11 July 2021; Revised 24 February 2022; Accepted 27 May 2022 Byline: Tomi Turner [t.turner@keele.ac.uk] (a,*), Rebecca Wheeler (b), Ian W. Oliver (a)

Micro Fuel cells or microfluidic fuel cells (μMFCs) are one of the most promising power supplies for portable electronics. However, the necessary electrode spacing is required to prevent fuel-crossover and maintain the stable operation, introducing the unavoidable ohmic resistance and retarding the miniaturization. Herein, we propose a novel μMFC device combining the cellulose paper as separator, with selective catalysts at the cathode side to eliminate the unwanted side reactions and increase the system compactness. One single reactant solution containing fuel and electrolyte is applied to keep the device stable operation. The power-generation properties are evaluated in typical alkaline conditions. A great construction simplification makes the device a substantial high-power density of 2.14 W cm−3 and maximum current density of 15.82 A cm−3. The μMFC stacks are arranged in series and parallel manners, which delivers a maximum power output of 23.6 mW and current of 194.6 mA. It is expected that innovative and customizable performance from commercial paper and low-cost carbonaceous catalysts can provide a forum for future advancement in chip-based electrochemical energy generation and storage devices. • Filter paper served as a membrane for μMFC is proposed. • The electrode-pair distance is greatly minimized (∼140 μm). • The optimized μMFC delivers an ultrahigh power density of 2.14 W cm−3. • The μMFC stacks power output of 23.6 mW and current output of 194.6 mA are achievable. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Phase II metabolites play an important role in diazepam-related cases. The study aimed to assess the stability of diazepam's phase II metabolites in dried blood spots on filter paper. A piece of filter paper was spotted with 100 µL of whole blood (added 1% sodium fluoride as needed) obtained from participant who received 5 mg diazepam orally, air dried for 2 h at room temperature, and then stored at different conditions. Whole spots were cut at 0.1 cm from the outer edge of blood spots at post-consumption time-points of prior (zero), 5, 16, 35, 61, 120 days and 1, 1.5 years. Analytes were extracted with methanol/water mixture (8:2, v/v) and determined using HPLC-MS/MS. Decomposition rules were analyzed by a statistical software "SPSS". Temazepam glucuronide remained stable (0.5–18.6% loss) at 20 ℃ and at 20 ℃ with 1% sodium fluoride for 16 days, while it was unstable after 5 days at 4 ℃ (21.1–26.2% loss) and − 20 ℃ (28.9 - 34.4% loss). After 35 days, temazepam glucuronide concentrations began to fluctuate significantly under all conditions, and an obvious increase (290.4–355.1%) was observed in 1.5 years. Oxazepam glucuronide was always unstable after 5 days, the percentage loss was even 100% when it was stored for 61 days and 1.5 years. Dried blood spots on ordinary filter paper are recommended to be stored at 20 ℃ or 20 ℃ with 1% sodium fluoride within 16 days. Samples should be analyzed immediately or stored in sterile and dry media. • TG was stable on filter paper at 20 ℃ with or without 1 % NaF within 16 days, and it is a more reliable marker in real cases. • OG was always unstable after 5 days, the percentage loss was even 100% when it was stored for 61 days and 1.5 years. • DBS on filter paper in diazepam-related cases are recommended to be stored at 20 ℃ with or without 1 % NaF within 16 days. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article describes an approach to build a search index for fuzzy objects recognition in scientific and technical papers. A fuzzy object is explained as an entity described by some physical parameters. A physical parameter consists of two parts: a value, represented in various forms of digits, and a physical unit, represented as text with some digits. The approach presented in the article allows users to search not by ordinary substrings, but by physical parameters with range, less than or greater than operators. The current realisation of the approach is a web service that has functionality to perform all stages for extraction of physical parameters of a fuzzy object. These stages are the extraction of sentences, the extraction of physical parameters and the normalisation of physical parameters values. The web service can be exploited in the synchronous and asynchronous modes. The synchronous mode helps to troubleshoot the software. The asynchronous mode is designed to process papers using queues in the distributed computer systems. The current work is aimed to develop a search engine which will address the challenge of structuring information of a continuously growing number of scientific and technical papers. The search index will help to perform robust navigation among a huge number of documents for scientific workers and engineers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Spatially resolved fluid-flow modulation and its corresponding integration becomes a crucial aspect to consider when designing high-performing paper-based analytical devices. As such, high demand exists for cost-effective techniques able to selectively control flow in patternable regions of the device. In this regard, a solution composed of potassium alum and animal glue; sizing materials used in the fabrication of calligraphy Xuan paper, is successfully adapted for the first time in a revolutionary approach to efficiently modulate the capillary flow in paper microfluidic channels. Flow delays are achieved by coating the substrate systematically through the variation of parameters such as the ratio of alum to glue, the concentration of alum-glue in the solution, and the number of subsequent coating layers of alum-glue. Moreover, digitized patterning with alum-glue is developed to achieve programmable wicking profiles of accelerating, decelerating, and quasi-linear flow displacement by alternating coated and uncoated zones in the channel. Additionally, the influence of alum-glue when performing biometric assays is investigated by performing a horseradish peroxidase activity colorimetric assay and found to have negligible effects on reading, where a negligible difference of 5.2% was observed in an assay performed in a coated paper substrate, compared to an uncoated one. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• New flame-resistant coatings with high mechanical properties for bagasse paper were synthesized using,3-di-aryl-2,2,2,4,4,4-hexachlorocyclodiphosph(V)azane, starch, CaCO 3 , NaHCO 3. • The thermal properties of all specimens were measured. • The ignition properties as the flame chamber (UL/94), and limiting oxygen index (LOI) was measured according to standards. This work aimed to enhance the thermal and mechanical properties of bagasse paper by synthesizing new coatings to prevent bagasse paper from the ignition. Paper sheets were treated with 0.5 percent cychlodiphosph(V)azane/ CaCO 3 solution (1.5 percent), 1.5 percent NaHCO 3 solution, and CNCs mixed with 5.0percent of starch. Paper sheets were treated by immersing bagasse paper in a coating mixture. The paper sheets were then allowed to air dry at ambient temperature. It is important to measure the burning rate (BR) to give people a chance to decrease the loss. These enhancements were investigated using elongation and tensile strength, air permeability test, Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA), and combustion tests (UL/94 and LOI). So, the bagasse paper treatments can be used as packaging materials. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Buildings are often located near ambient air pollution sources such as wildfire or heavy traffic areas. While windows in buildings are intermittently open for free cooling or natural ventilation, increased leakage area can lead to elevated human exposure to air pollutants of outdoor origin. The objective of this study is to investigate the effectiveness of paper filter windows in reducing exposure to outdoor air pollution and improving indoor air quality. The physical properties of paper windows as filtration media were experimentally determined, based on which multi-zone indoor air quality and ventilation analysis (CONTAM) simulations were performed for a full-scale building. The results show that the outdoor-indoor air exchange rate of a building can increase about 100% when conventional windows are replaced with paper filter windows. Even with the increased air exchange rate, the infiltration of outdoor particles into the building was reduced about 57–77% for the particle size range of 7–300 nm. These findings imply that paper windows have potential benefits for controlling both outdoor originated pollutants and indoor-generated pollutants with minimal energy inputs, especially in cities and communities impacted by urban air pollution and wildfires. [Display omitted] • We studied removal of outdoor particles due to paper filter windows in buildings. • Paper windows reduced indoor concentrations of outdoor particles up to 77%. • Due to paper windows, air exchange rate of the building increased about 100%. • Paper windows reduced indoor-generated pollutants (e.g., CO 2) by 35–45%. Synopsis: This study investigates filtration and ventilation performances of paper filter windows. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]