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Although evidence in supporting the associations between childhood maltreatment (CM), parenting style and anxiety in children and adolescents exists, few high-quality analytical epidemiological studies which focusing on clinically diagnosed anxiety disorders (AD) had been published. The aim of this study was to further corroborate the associations between CM, parenting style, and AD in a large representative sample of Chinese children and adolescents. Study subjects were derived from the Mental Health Survey for Children and Adolescents in Yunnan (MHSCAY), a population-based cross-sectional program. Individually matched case-control study design was adopted. Univariate and multivariate conditional binary logistic regression models were used to estimate the associations between CM, parenting style and AD. Dose-response trends were estimated using the Cochran-Armitage Chi-square test. A series of stratified analyses were conducted to explore effect modification on exposure-outcome association by some important features. Totally we screened out 202 cases and 404 matched controls, with an age mean of 14.43 years. Conditional logistic regression models revealed that EA and a higher level of parental over-protection were significantly associated with increased risk of AD, with adjusted ORs of 3.39 (95 % CI: 2.07–5.56) and 1.93 (95 % CI: 1.28–2.90). Stratified analysis identified noticeable effect modification by sex, age, and whether the only child in the family. Major findings of this study suggested that children and adolescents who had experienced EA or raised up by over-protective parents are at increased risk of AD. Targeted intervention measures should be developed and implemented for these high-risk youths. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The independent associations among childhood maltreatment (CM), parenting style, and school bullying in children and adolescents have not been adequately discussed. Epidemiological evidence of higher quality is still scarce. We intend to investigate this topic by using a case–control study design in a large sample of Chinese children and adolescents. Study participants were chosen from the Mental Health Survey for Children and Adolescents in Yunnan (MHSCAY), a mega ongoing cross-sectional study. The combined database from four study sites was used. The population-based case–control study was individually matched by study site, age, sex, race, left-behind status, whether a single child, and whether a boarding student. Cases were observed to have a significantly higher prevalence of CM, higher scores for parental rejection and over-protection, and lower scores for parental emotional warmth. Multiple conditional logistic regression revealed that CM, especially emotional abuse (EA) and sexual abuse (SA), were associated with a prominently increased risk of school bullying involvement, with adjusted odds ratio (OR) of 2.28 (95 % CI: 2.03, 2.57) and 1.90 (95 % CI: 1.67, 2.17). Subsequent analysis further corroborated the robustness of EA–bullying and SA–bullying associations. Although parenting style generally showed a weaker association with school bullying, a higher level of parental rejection was related to an increased risk of bullying victimization. Chinese children and adolescents who are victims of EA or SA, or experienced a higher level of parental rejection, are more vulnerable to school bullying. Targeted interventions should be designed and implemented. • CM, especially EA and SA, were associated with increased risk of school bullying involvement. • Parental rejection was related to school bullying victimization. • Victims of EA and SA, and adolescents reported higher level of parental rejection should be targeted for intervention. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: We aimed to investigate the mediation of social support in the association between school bullying and suicidal risk among a large group of Chinese children and adolescents.Method: In this two-wave cross-sectional study, we analyzed 6,063 children and adolescents from southwest China. A two-stage simple random clustering sampling method with probability proportionate to sample size design had been used to select study subjects. Univariate and multivariate Logistic regression models were adopted to determine the inter-associations between school bullying, suicidal risk indicators, and social support. Path models were further fitted to estimate the mediation of social support.Results: Compared with students who were not involved in school bullying, only victimization was associated with increased suicidal risk, the adjusted ORs for suicidal ideation, suicidal plan, and suicidal attempt were 2.06 (95% CI: 1.61-2.65), 2.07 (95% CI: 1.62-2.64), and 2.41 (95% CI: 1.90-3.05), respectively. Path model indicated that parental social support significantly mediated the association between bullying victimization and suicidal risk. For different types of victimization, only relational bullying victimization was associated with increased suicidal risk, social support from classmates and close friends presented as significant mediators.Limitations: Causal inference cannot be made because of cross-sectional study design. Information was collected by using self-reporting method, the possibility of information bias exists. Generalization of study results could be limited.Conclusions: Intervention measures on improving parental and peer social support may be effective in reducing school bullying victimization associated suicidal risk for Chinese children and adolescents. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: This paper describes the mineralogy and geochemistry of a batch of 17 coal samples covering the Late Permian Longtan Formation from a drill core from the Taoshuping mine, eastern Yunnan Province, China. The results show that minerals in the coals include quartz, kaolinite, calcite, chamosite, pyrite, mixed-layer I/S and minor marcasite, siderite, anatase, ankerite, and dolomite. Modes of occurrences of authigenic quartz and chamosite suggest that they were mainly precipitated from Fe–Mg-rich siliceous solution derived from the weathering of Emeishan basalt, which was induced by mantle plume eruption during late Middle Permian and covers most places of southwest China. Kaolinite and mixed layer I/S are mainly of detrital origin. Correspondingly, the elevated trace elements, including V, Cr, Co, and Ni, in the coals are closely related to Emeishan basalt. Trace amounts of detrital calcite, ankerite and siderite in the coals probably originated from the Maokou limestone. The frequent presence of high temperature quartz indicates that felsic volcanic eruption took place through the entire Late Permian Epoch. Mineral matter in the coals was not only derived from Emeishan basalt in the Kangdian Oldland, but also felsic volcanic ashes, mafic volcanic ashes, and limestone of the Maokou Formation. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: The mineralogy and geochemistry of a superhigh-organic-sulfur (SHOS) coal of Late Permian age from the Yanshan Coalfield, Yunnan Province, southwestern China, have been studied using optical microscope, low-temperature ashing plus X-ray diffraction analysis, scanning electron microscope equipped with energy-dispersive X-ray spectrometer, a sequential chemical extraction procedure, and inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. The M9 Coal from the Yanshan Coalfield is a SHOS coal that has a total sulfur content of 10.12%–11.30% and an organic sulfur content of 8.77%–10.30%. The minerals in the coal consist mainly of high-temperature quartz, sanidine, albite, muscovite, illite, pyrite, and trace amounts of kaolinite, plagioclase, akermanite, rutile, and dawsonite. As compared with ordinary worldwide (bituminous coals and anthracite) and Chinese coals, the M9 Coal is remarkably enriched in B (268 μg/g), F (841 μg/g), V (567 μg/g), Cr (329 μg/g), Ni (73.9 μg/g), Mo (204 μg/g), and U (153 μg/g). In addition, elements including Se (25.2 μg/g), Zr (262 μg/g), Nb (20.1 μg/g), Cd (2.07 μg/g), and Tl (2.03 μg/g) are also enriched in the coal. Occurrence of high-temperature quartz, sanidine, muscovite, and illite in the M9 Coal is evidence that there is a volcanic ash component in the coal that was derived from acid volcanic ashes fallen into the swamp during peat accumulation. Occurrence of albite and dawsonite in the coal and strong enrichment of some elements, including F, S, V, Cr, Ni, Mo and U, are attributed to the influence by submarine exhalation which invaded along with seawater into the anoxic peat swamp. Abundances of lithophile elements, including rare earth elements, Nb, Y, Zr, and TiO2, indicate that the silicate minerals in the coal were derived from the northern Vietnam Upland to the south of the basin. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]