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• Export restructuring leads to decrease in export volume but increase in GDP and consumption. • Total employment and carbon intensity will decrease from the export restructuring. • Export restructuring leads to significant expansion in transport equipment sector. • The USA export pattern is the most carbon efficient among the three export structures. • Global GDP and consumption will increase from China's export restructuring. Sectoral adjustment for China's export is vital to transform the Chinese economic structure so that high-quality development can be achieved. However, it is unknown to what extent export restructuring will affect the national economy and carbon dioxide (CO 2) emissions. This study quantifies the potential economic and CO 2 emission impacts of export restructuring under various export structure patterns and climate policies scenarios by using a global computable general equilibrium (CGE) model. Results show that China's export restructuring will lead to 0.5–0.7% increase of Gross Domestic Production (GDP) and 2.0–2.2% increase of consumption in 2030 under all the non-climate policy scenarios, although the export volume will decrease. Meanwhile, CO 2 emissions per GDP and total employment will both decrease under all the scenarios. At the sectoral level, the transport equipment sector will increase significantly in output, employment and CO 2 emissions, while the textile sector will suffer substantial output and employment losses. Considering the application of climate policies, the USA pattern has the highest GDP and is the most carbon efficient among the three export structures. China's export restructuring will also increase global GDP and consumption by around 0.2% and 0.4%, respectively. Such results suggest that encouraging export of service, transport equipment and reducing export of textile would be effective for China's economic development and CO 2 emission reduction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: In a short communication, Huang et al. (2013) presented arguments for invalidating the expanded Lane's relation that we proposed in Dust and Wohl (2012) and reproposed their approach for modifying the balance schematic of the Lane's relation that they first proposed in Nanson and Huang (2008). We contend that their arguments do not invalidate any aspect of the expanded Lane's relation that we proposed and find, conversely, key aspects of their proposed alternative approach problematic. We provide detailed counter arguments for their key points regarding our proposed expanded Lane's relation and for their proposed alternative approach. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: The National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) has certified a high-purity 229Th Standard Reference Material as SRM 4328C, based on live-timed 4παβ-γ anticoincidence counting (LTAC) of the equilibrium solution. The LTAC system was optimized to minimize the uncertainty in the result due to the two short-lived ground-states present in the decay chain. Confirmatory measurements were carried out by four other methods. Furthermore, the present absolute activity and measured γ-ray emission rates were combined to obtain γ-ray emission probabilities. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: Monte Carlo simulations and equilibrium analyses are used to explore the behavior of threshold management strategies. The analyses explore the medium- to long-term implications of uncertainty about the steepness of the stock–recruitment relationship, variation as well as possible temporal autocorrelation in recruitment, and estimation and implementation uncertainty. The results highlight the trade-offs among various management strategies, in particular the trade-offs between average catch, inter-annual variation in catch, and the risk of dropping below the Pacific Fishery Management Council (PFMC) overfished threshold of 25% of the average unfished spawning biomass. Uncertainty regarding steepness is the major source of variation in the final size of the resource and whether it is below the overfished threshold, although the extent of recruitment variability also impacts these quantities. The extent of inter-annual variation in catches is determined primarily by the amount of implementation error. Although the values for the various performance measures depend on all of the factors examined to some extent, the impact of interactions among these factors is generally small. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: The idea of an equilibrium beach profile has been a useful concept in both theoretical and practical coastal engineering studies. In essence, the subject has thus far evolved to a choice of shape functions, which are described by a small set of parameters. Additional efforts have attempted to relate these parameters to more fundamental quantities, such as average grain size of the bottom sediment, wave environment, geometric aspects of the beach, and the like. This approach has a long history and can rightly claim a certain level of success. However, the usual collections of shape functions are well-known to have difficulties very near the shoreline, let alone on the nearshore portion of the beach. This study extends the equilibrium profile up to and somewhat past the shoreline. Three shape functions are used in conjunction with a Taylor expansion for the nearshore and above water portions of the profile. A nonlinear fitting technique is applied to estimate the model''s best parameter values. Moreover, reduced versions of the proposed models can be employed for prediction based only on parameters related to sediment characteristics or wave conditions and geometry of the visible beach. The approach is compared with data from the East Coast of Australia, the East Coast of North America and the South Shore of the Mediterranean Sea. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]