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Highlights • The later born cohort performed significantly better in walking speed. • Men born later were found to be both taller and heavier. • Women born later were found to be heavier but not taller. • Smoking had become less common in the later born cohort. • A birth cohort includes several factors that are not fully understood. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background Context: Studies have shown that pain acceptance strategies related to psychological flexibility are important in the presence of chronic musculoskeletal pain. However, the predictors of these strategies have not been studied extensively in patients with whiplash-associated disorders (WAD).Purpose: The purpose of this study was to predict chronic pain acceptance and engagement in activities at 1-year follow-up with pain intensity, fear of movement, perceived responses from significant others, outcome expectancies, and demographic variables in patients with WAD before and after multimodal rehabilitation (MMR).Study Design: The design of this investigation was a cohort study with 1-year postrehabilitation follow-up.Study Setting: The subjects participated in MMR at a Swedish rehabilitation clinic during 2009-2015.Patient Sample: The patients had experienced a whiplash trauma (WAD grade I-II) and were suffering from pain and reduced functionality. A total of 386 participants were included: 297 fulfilled the postrehabilitation measures, and 177 were followed up at 1 year after MMR.Outcome Measures: Demographic variables, pain intensity, fear of movement, perceived responses from significant others, and outcome expectations were measured at the start and after MMR. Chronic pain acceptance and engagement in activities were measured at follow-up.Methods: The data were obtained from a Swedish Quality Registry for Pain Rehabilitation (SQRPR).Results: Outcome expectancies of recovery, supporting and distracting responses of significant others, and fear of (re)injury and movement before MMR were significant predictors of engagement in activities at follow-up. Pain intensity and fear of (re)injury and movement after MMR significantly predicted engagement in activities at follow-up. Supporting responses of significant others and fear of (re)injury and movement before MMR were significant predictors of pain acceptance at the 1-year follow-up. Solicitous responses of significant others and fear of (re)injury and movement at postrehabilitation significantly predicted pain acceptance at follow-up.Conclusion: For engagement in activities and pain acceptance, the fear of movement appears to emerge as the strongest predictor, but patients' perceived reactions from their spouses need to be considered in planning the management of WAD. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Delayed effects of a 20-min crushed ice application on knee joint position sense assessed by a functional task during a re-warming period.Introduction: The effect of cryotherapy on joint positioning presents conflicting debates as to whether individuals are at an increased risk of injury when returning to play following cryotherapy application at the lower limb.Objectives: The aim of this study was to investigate whether a 20 min application of crushed ice at the knee affects knee joint kinematics immediately post and up to 20 mins post ice removal, during a small knee bend.Method: 17 healthy male participants took part in the study performing a functional task. Using three-dimensional motion analysis (Qualisys Medical AB Gothenburg, Sweden), kinematics of the knee were measured during a weight bearing functional task pre and immediately post, 5, 10, 15 and 20 min post cryotherapy intervention. Skin surface temperature (Tsk) cooling was measured via infrared non-contact thermal imaging (Flir Systems, Danderyd, Sweden) over the anterior and medial aspect of the knee.Results: Results demonstrated significant reductions in the ability to accurately replicate knee joint positioning. A significant increase (P ≧ 0.05) in rotational movement in the transverse plane occurred, 20 min post ice removal.Discussion: A 20-min application of crushed ice to the anterior aspect of the non-dominant knee has an adverse effect on knee joint repositioning and dynamic stability, 20 min after ice is removed. In consideration of returning a land-based athlete to dynamic functional activities, post cryotherapeutic intervention at the knee, clinicians should consider these findings due to the potential increase risk of injury. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives To explore the association between prestroke mobility dependency and dementia on functioning and mortality outcomes after stroke in patients>65 years of age. Design Longitudinal cohort study based on SveDem, the Swedish Dementia Registry and Riksstroke, the Swedish Stroke Registry. Participants A total of 1689 patients with dementia >65 years of age registered in SveDem and suffering a first stroke between 2007 and 2014 were matched with 7973 controls without dementia with stroke. Measurements Odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for intrahospital mortality, and functioning and mortality outcomes at 3 months were calculated. Functioning included level of residential assistance (living at home without help, at home with help, or nursing home) and mobility dependency (independent, needing help to move outdoors, or needing help indoors and outdoors). Results Prestroke dependency in activities of daily living and mobility were worse in patients with dementia than controls without dementia. In unadjusted analyses, patients with dementia were more often discharged to nursing homes (51% vs 20%; P < .001). Mortality at 3 months was higher in patients with dementia (31% vs 23% P < .001) and fewer were living at home without help (21% vs 55%; P < .001). In adjusted analyses, prestroke dementia was associated with higher risk of 3-month mortality (OR 1.34; 95% CI 1.18–1.52), requiring a higher level of residential assistance (OR 4.07; 3.49–.75) and suffering from more dependency in relation to mobility (OR 2.57; 2.20–3.02). Patients with dementia who were independent for mobility prestroke were more likely to be discharged to a nursing home compared with patients without dementia with the same prestroke mobility (37% vs 16%; P < .001), but there were no differences in discharge to geriatric rehabilitation (19% for both; P = .976). Patients, who moved independently before stroke, were more often discharged home (60% vs 28%) and had lower mortality. In adjusted analyses, prestroke mobility limitations were associated with higher odds for poorer mobility, needing more residential assistance, and death. Conclusions Patients with mobility impairments and/or dementia present a high burden of disability after a stroke. There is a need for research on stroke interventions among these populations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: Nutritional studies in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) are often based on oral nutritional supplementation and are of short duration. Our aim was to study the changes in body weight and physical performance in COPD patients after receiving the dietary advice for 1 year. Thirty-six patients with COPD as a primary diagnosis (mean age: 68.5±7.8 years), referred to a pulmonary rehabilitation program were studied. Each patient received dietary advice individually. Body weight had increased significantly by 1.3kg (p =0.02) and walking distance by 83.2m (p =0.007) after 1 year. There was an increase in mean handgrip strength after 1 year (1.6kg, p =0.07). The mean intake of energy and protein expressed as percent of energy and protein requirement had increased after 1 year (15%, p <0.001, and 5.6%, p =0.09, respectively). Handgrip strength correlated significantly with energy (r =0.53, p =0.002), fat (r =0.50, p =0.02) and protein intake (r =0.41, p =0.002) after 1 year. In conclusion, positive effects on body weight, handgrip strength and walking distance in patients with COPD were seen after receiving dietary advice with a 1-year follow-up. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]