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• Recent studies, limitations and research gaps of Indian mangroves were systematically summarized. • Distribution of major mangrove plants of coastal states of India has been discussed. • This is the first time we have reported the bioactive compounds and their biological properties from Indian true mangrove plants. • Major classes of isolated natural products reported from Indian mangroves. The mangrove ecosystem is being intensively studied with the hope of discovering new chemical entities with biomedical potentials. A number of biologically active compounds with varying degrees of action such as anticancer, antiulcer, antioxidant, antidiabetic and antimicrobial properties have been isolated from mangroves. Totally 81 mangrove species have been reported worldwide, of which 46 species are reported to occur in India. Among these, around 36 mangrove species are used in traditional medicine. Approximately 249 bioactive compounds have been isolated from 18 species, and the remaining species are yet to be screened. Biologically active compounds such as limonoids, terpenoids, alkaloids, glycosides, steroids, flavonoids, esters, quinones, phenols, acids, aliphatic alcohol, amides, lactones, aliphatic ketones, and benzodioxols have been derived from the leaves, stems, barks, fruits, and seeds of Indian mangrove plants. This review examines the current trends in the screening and biological activity of metabolites from the Indian mangroves. This comprehensive review in turn can serve as a potential resource for future drug development endeavours. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: Andrographis paniculata (Burm.f.) Nees (Acanthaceae), commonly known as Kalmegh is used both in Ayurvedic and Unani system of medicines for a number of ailments related to digestion, hepatoprotection, hypoglycemic, and as anti-bacterial, analgesic, anti-inflammatory, vermicidal and antiacene. Ten accessions of A. paniculata from different sources were screened to assess the yield and its components besides andrographolides on three harvesting dates viz. 70, 100, 130 days after plantation corresponding to calendar months of September, October and November. The results revealed its successful growth in the subtropical region of Jammu, with last week of October ideal for obtaining maximum dry herbage (931.3kg/ha) and total andrographolide yield (61.83kg/ha), respectively. On the basis of leaf/stem ratio the relative estimates of total andrographolide is higher in October (46%) than September (15%) or November (39%). Accession Acc.1 and Acc.9 have been identified as the best sources for obtaining higher drug yield. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Ecosystems are balanced by nature and each component in the system has a role in the sustenance of other components. A change in one component would invariably have an effect on others. Stomatopods (mantis shrimps) are common and ecologically important predatory crustaceans in tropical marine waters. The ecological role of mantis shrimps and potential impacts of trawling in a marine ecosystem were estimated using Ecopath with Ecosim (EwE) Version 5.0 software, by constructing a mass balanced Ecopath model of Parangipettai (Porto Novo) ecosystem. Based on fisheries information from the region, 17 ecological groups were defined including stomatopods. Both primary and secondary data on biomass, P/B, Q/B and diet composition were used as basic inputs. The mass balanced model gave a total system throughput of 14,756tkm−2 year−1. The gross efficiency of 0.000942 indicated higher contribution of lower food chain groups in the fishery though the mean trophic level was 3.08. The immature and developing stage of the ecosystem was indicated by the ratio of total primary production and total respiration (1.832) and the net system production (2643.30tkm−2 year−1). Key indices (flow to detritus, net efficiency and omnivory index), split mortality rates and mixed trophic impact of different ecological groups were obtained from the model. A flow diagram was constructed to illustrate the trophic interactions, which explained the biomass flows in the ecosystem with reference to stomatopods. Two temporal simulations were made, with 10 year durations in the mass balanced Ecopath model by using ecosim routine incorporated in EwE software. The effect of decrease in biomass of stomatopods in the ecosystem was well defined, in the first run with increase in stomatopod fishing mortality, and the group showed a high positive impact on benthopelagic fish biomass increase (129%). The simulation with increase in trawling efforts resulted in the biomass decline of different ecological groups as elasmobranchs to 1%, stomatopods to 2%, crabs and lobsters to 36%, cephalopods to 63%, mackerel to 78%, and shrimps to 89%. Present study warns stomatopod discards and further increase in trawling efforts in the region and it explained the need for ecosystem based fisheries management practices for the sustainability of marine fisheries. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Background There is sparse data available on foot sarcomas treated on contemporary protocols. Methods This retrospective analysis involved 27 cases of foot sarcomas managed with multi-modality treatment under Sarcoma Clinic, at tertiary care hospital between January 2014 to May 2019. Baseline demographics, radiographic tumour characteristics, histological diagnosis, type of treatment received and oncological outcomes were noted for all cases. Statistical analysis was done by STATA version 13.0. Survival curves were analyzed by Kaplan Meir test and univariate analysis was done by Log Rank test. Results Median age was 26 years (range: 20 – 46 years). Median duration of symptoms were 11 months (Range: 5 – 24 months). Radiologically mean largest diameter of tumour was 6.5 cm (CI: 1.1 – 12 cm). Seven tumours (26%) arose from bone and 20 form soft tissue (74%). In tumours arising from bone, metatarsal was most commonly site of involvement (3 out of 7). Most common histology was synovial sarcoma (44%) f/b Ewing's sarcoma (26%) f/b others (RMS, DFSP, MPNST, angiosarcoma). Ten patients (37%) had metastatic disease at presentation, lung being most common site (80%). Histological discordance with review diagnosis was seen in 50 % cases. Amputation was needed in 10 cases (37%) (palliative - 5, curative - 5) while limb salvage surgery was done in 10 (all curative). Adjuvant radiation was given in 7 out of 10 cases (70%). At last follow up 16 out of 27 patients (60%) were alive without disease, 4 (11%) with disease while 8 (29%) have died. With median follow-up of 43 months (Range 8 - 63 months) median PFS was 22 months. Median PFS in non-metastatic group was 48 months, while in metastatic group it was 8 months. On univariate analysis, median OS was significantly different between metastatic vs non-metastatic group (HR 10.93, p = 0.03). Conclusions Foot sarcomas happen in young adults irrespective of pathology with synovial sarcoma and Ewing's sarcoma being most common histologies. Amputation rates are quite high even considering small size, owing to anatomy of the region as noted in previous studies. The treatment required for non metastatic disease is multimodality including use of radiation. If treated in multidisciplinary clinic outcomes can certainly be improved. Legal entity responsible for the study Sameer Rastogi. Funding Has not received any funding. Disclosure All authors have declared no conflicts of interest. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]