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• Polyether ionophores residues were monitored in pasteurized milk samples. • Monensin was the only ionophore found in 18 of 40 samples. • Concentrations of 0.1 to 0.27 μg kg−1 were quantified in 13 samples. • Monensin dietary intake through milk do not indicate a consumer risk. This paper aimed to survey the occurrence of six polyether ionophores (lasalocid, maduramycin, monensin, narasin, salinomycin and semduramycin) in pasteurized milk using a validated method by liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). For that, 40 samples of pasteurized milk, from seven brands, collected in six locations (supermarkets, grocery stores and greengrocers) in the metropolitan region of São Paulo and Campinas, São Paulo State, Brazil, were evaluated. Sampling included whole (18), skimmed (8) and semi-skimmed (10) milk as well as lactose-free (4) products. Only monensin antibiotic residues were found in the analyzed samples. This ionophore was confirmed in 45% of the samples and quantified in 32.5% at concentrations ranging from 0.1 to 0.27 μg kg−1. The positive samples were whole or semi-skimmed milk. Considering the levels of monensin reported in the present study and data on milk consumption in Brazil, an exposure assessment indicated that the intake of this antibiotic does not represent a risk to health. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Rainfall intensity across different reference periods varies significantly. • Exposure of more than 5000 people in the worst rainfall projections. • The velocity of water downhill was considered hazardous. • IDF curve has proved to be an useful indicator for urban planning This paper highlights the effects of sealed surfaces in flood hazard in order to identify population exposure to heavy rain within Cabras watershed located in Campinas Metropolitan Area (Sao Paulo). We applied a set of methods compiled into an integrated system by the Department of Hydraulic Engineering of University of Sao Paulo (USP). We observed that, for relatively frequent flood events with 10y of return periods, changes in LULC represent an increase of maximum water depths that vary up to 0,036 m to 0,043 m, respectively. For less frequent events, with return periods of 100y, the maximum increase of water depth varies from 0,064 m to 0,071 m. Although the water depth reached is not considered risky (e.g., for an adult walking in flows), the water velocity (v = 2,32 m/s) and the amount of water downhill (∼5,000 litters) are considered high (i.e. pedestrians can be swept along streets during major storm events). Our scenarios project more than 5,000 people exposed, with a significant parcel at slums. Summarizing, an explicit innovation strategy helped us to identify the number of people at risk in ungauged basins, which can be beneficial for municipal decisions, especially if effectively implemented to reduce disaster risk and nature based solutions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Based on the relationship between lightning and thunderstorm microphysics, this paper aims to determine the averaged vertical profiles of polarimetric variables for different classes of lightning density according to the GLM grid and then evaluate the potential use of these profiles for data assimilation in models with high spatial and temporal resolutions. Polarimetric variables from an X-band radar located in Campinas-SP and data from the Brazilian Network were used to detect the microphysics properties and atmospheric discharges of clouds (GLM proxy). The main differences between the lightning density class-averaged profiles for the four variables of Z H , Z DR , K DP and ρ HV were observed in the region above the melting layer. For the most intense lightning classes, the signatures associated with high concentrations of ice particles at high altitudes, the presence of supercooled drops above the freezing level and the occurrence of large and more oblate raindrops were observed. To analyze the possible use of reflectivity profiles as a way to indirectly assimilate GLM information into forecast models, two case studies were conducted using the Weather Research and Forecasting model. The analyses and forecasts obtained with the assimilation of radar data (reflectivity factor and Doppler winds) and with the indirect assimilation of GLM lightning density rates through mean reflectivity profiles were evaluated against a control run assimilating no data. Overall, the two assimilation experiments offered substantial improvements over the control run in terms of short-term forecasts of reflectivity patterns and storm motion. These encouraging results supports the ability of the GLM data to positively contribute to nowcasting and forecasting of convective-scale systems, especially over the vast regions of the South American continent currently suffering from limited and, even, an utter lack of observations. • Vertical reflectivity profile can represent systems of different lighting intensity. • The most significant differences among profiles are mainly in high altitudes. • Tests assimilating these profiles suggested they can improve short-term forecast. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]