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The results of observations showed that the book about Tais produced by Secretariat de Estado da Arte e Cultura (SEAC) has not been able to meet the needs of users because the information is less interesting and interactive. This paper’s aim is to introduce the more interesting and interactive way to introduce Tais. Utilization of Augmented Reality (AR) technology in an application built with the Unity3D program is done to provide different way in presenting interesting and interactive information to its users. Based on the results in this paper, the developed application can handle the presentation in more interesting and interactive way. The ideal distance in the tracking process for target objects with size 7 x 6 cm is ranged from 6 cm to 30 cm, with the image ratio that can be detected at the farthest distance is 4% of the camera image. For the detection angle, the target object can be detected properly from approximately ±64 0 . From the data acquired, it can be said that AR can be used to introduce Tais in more interesting and interactive way. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: The article presents a framework for interactive virtual environments’ development for simulation and modeling of complex systems. The framework uses system's structural model as a core concept forcomposition and control of simulation-based scientific experiments not in terms of technological processes or workflows but in terms of domain-specific objects and their interconnection within the investigated system. The proposed framework enables integration and management of resources available within a cloud computing environment in order to support automatic simulation management and to provide the user with an interactive visual domain-specific interface to the system. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Highlights: A user-interface using the human body to navigate in a virtual environment in the context of urban planning is developed.A developed user-interface is non-demanding and easy to use and better in relation to mouse/keyboard interaction.The user-interface supports on-demand switching between different proposals, affecting learning, understanding positively.Human body navigation during spatial reasoning enhances understanding of virtual space. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

The ability to solve complex scientific problems is regarded as one of the key competencies in science education. Until now, research on problem solving focused on the relationship between analytical and complex problem solving, but rarely took into account the structure of problem-solving processes and metacognitive aspects. This paper, therefore, presents a theoretical framework, which describes the relationship between the components of problem solving and strategy knowledge. In order to assess the constructs, we developed a virtual environment which allows students to solve interactive and static problems. 162 students of grade 10 and the upper secondary level completed the tests within a cross-sectional survey. In order to investigate the structure of problem-solving competency, we established measurement models representing different theoretical assumptions, and evaluated model fit statistics by using confirmatory factor analyses. Results show that problem-solving competency in virtual environments comprises to three correlated abilities: achieving a goal state, systematical handling of variables, and solving analytical tasks. Furthermore, our study provides empirical evidence on the distinction between analytical and complex problem solving. Additionally, we found significant differences between students of grades 10 and 12 within the problem-solving subscales, which could be explained by gaming experience and prior knowledge. These findings are discussed from a measurement perspective. Implications for assessing complex problem solving are given. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: This study combined discursive and imagery processing streams of research to propose an integrated model of virtual experience as it relates to the strength of brand attitude. The model assumes that both cognitive elaboration (representing the discursive process) and imagery vividness (reflecting the imagery process) are responsible for the effectiveness of virtual experience in the form of 3-D product visualization regarding attitude accessibility and attitude confidence. The results indicate that a brand attitude formed via an interactive 3-D product interface was more accessible and confident than via a static 2-D presentation. Imagery vividness contributed to creating a strong brand attitude. However, effects transmitted via cognitive elaboration were either negative (for accessibility) or nonsignificant (for confidence). Findings suggest that although the two processes are compensatory rather than complementary in the context of virtual experience, the imagery process dominates the discursive process. Theoretical and practical implications are discussed. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: Rehabilitation researchers who investigate complex interventions are challenged to describe the “active ingredients” of their interventions: the reason(s) why a treatment is expected to be effective. Interactive Computer Play (ICP) is an emerging complex intervention in rehabilitation practice and research. The purpose of this scoping review is to identify the active ingredients of ICP interventions that are designed to improve motor outcomes in children with neuromotor impairments. Eleven potential active ingredients were identified with the following foci: ICP system or game properties; intervention effects on the user; and therapist roles. However, few studies explicitly evaluate the impact of particular ingredients on outcomes. Identification of active ingredients in ICP interventions can inform trial design and clinical decision-making. Research and clinical practice will benefit from studies that utilize a framework such as motor learning theory to guide hypotheses and measurement of the active ingredients of complex interventions. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: The use of animation and multimedia for learning is now further extended by the provision of entire Virtual Reality Learning Environments (VRLE). This highlights a shift in Web-based learning from a conventional multimedia to a more immersive, interactive, intuitive and exciting VR learning environment. VRLEs simulate the real world through the application of 3D models that initiates interaction, immersion and trigger the imagination of the learner. The question of good pedagogy and use of technology innovations comes into focus once again. Educators attempt to find theoretical guidelines or instructional principles that could assist them in developing and applying a novel VR learning environment intelligently. This paper introduces the educational use of Web-based 3D technologies and highlights in particular VR features. It then identifies constructivist learning as the pedagogical engine driving the construction of VRLE and discusses five constructivist learning approaches. Furthermore, the authors provide two case studies to investigate VRLEs for learning purposes. The authors conclude with formulating some guidelines for the effective use of VRLEs, including discussion of the limitations and implications for the future study of VRLEs. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: This paper aims to develop a novel scheme for interactively deformable simulation with haptic feedback. All design modules are packaged and implemented, and the experiments are conducted to study the effects of interactive deformation. The study compares the experimental results of haptic feedback by different force propagation methods, according to the Hounsfield unit (HU) of volume data. Additionally, the estimation of optimal propagation depth is illustrated by using a mass–spring model. Finally, by using the proposed scheme, a haptic-based medical simulation system for brain surgery is investigated. The integration test results with haptic feedback scenarios show that the proposed development scheme can certainly comply with the design modules, and the deformable simulation and haptic force reach a good agreement. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: A virtual-reality simulator was developed for the training of Otolaryngology (Ear–Nose–Throat) surgical residents to perform myringotomy, a relatively common surgical procedure in which an incision is made in the eardrum mainly to treat middle-ear infections. The simulator presents the trainee with a three-dimensional (3D) virtual model of the ear that can be viewed through a mock surgical microscope consisting of a stereo visor mounted on a custom-designed stand. The trainee interacts with the virtual ear using a real myringotomy blade, the movements of which are tracked in real time using a stereo optical tracker. Interactions of the blade with virtual tissues are calculated and rendered on the visor using freely available physics and graphics software engines. Six experienced surgical residents and surgeons assessed the effectiveness of the simulator as a viable training tool by completing a questionnaire designed specifically for this study after using the simulator. Surgeons and residents were positively impressed by the simulator as a training tool and would recommend its use as part of training. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: A main goal of special education is the teaching of skills needed for an independent life. Virtual worlds are a valuable tool for this, enabling users to train real-world tasks in a save environment. An intuitive interaction device for mentally handicapped users are props on a board, but until now their interaction space has been limited to the size of the board, whereas the training of realistic tasks requires the use of a large and complex environment, detailing different aspects of everyday life. We devised four navigation strategies for props on a board and tested them with mentally handicapped users. The most suitable strategy was implemented in an educational game teaching common tasks, which may even span multiple locations, such as shopping at the supermarket and then preparing a meal at home. A user study with 24 participants showed that the system enabled all of them to navigate through the virtual environment to complete given tasks and indicated that the system supports learning processes. With our system, mentally handicapped people will be able to train everyday tasks in realistic surroundings, using intuitive prop-based navigation and a navigation strategy tailored to their needs. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: We have designed and implemented an interactive simulation system for training and treatment planning in orthodontics. Currently, both treatment planning, and the choice of a proper appliance model, are based exclusively on clinician expertise. Most orthodontists work by trial and error when estimating the loading conditions that will achieve the desired tooth movement. There is a strong need for computer methods that will enable them to make realistic visual predictions of the final positions of the teeth and the changes in shape that the dental arch undergoes. To validate our simulator, we used cephalometric measurements and dental cast data taken during one-year follow-up orthodontic treatments. The results demonstrated a closely degree of fit between experimental orthodontic treatments and simulated case studies. In addition to its use in therapy planning, we expect our simulator to be a useful environment for training, providing a means to explore the temporal evolution of planned treatments. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

An advanced learning system for interactive simulation of patient cases (ISP) is described. The system was designed to meet specific pedagogical needs where student activation and problem orientation were two of the key issues. The system includes features such as video based illness history-taking function using free text input, highly interactive physiological examination procedures, extensive laboratory tests and detailed user feedback. The system was constructed mainly in Authorware Professional, starting more than 10 years ago, and it is now available in refined versions in different languages. Twelve pedagogical and three technical features were initially defined for the project. All of these aims were fulfilled. The ISP system has been successfully used in education, and in international collaboration, including three applicability field tests. The system is also a powerful research tool for studying for instance medical decision-making. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

A framework is proposed for facilitating the exploration process during the early design phase through computational sketch synthesis and interactive 3D reconstruction. In that phase, designers concentrate on developing concepts through numerous alternatives. Therefore, they constantly sketch so that they can rapidly visualize their ideas. Recently, the design industry has attempted to streamline the design process by implementing 3D model generation in the early design phase so that ideas may be more thoroughly explored, thus improving concept and final design conformance; however, efficiency issues have arisen. In this study, a 3D computational sketch synthesis framework was developed comprising two major components. First, a robust method was proposed to synthesize design alternatives by interpolating an input sketch with sketches in a database so that unvisited combinations may be explored. Secondly, a novel interactive 3D model reconstruction method was developed to facilitate the shape transition of design elements so that designers can quickly evaluate the potential of a large number of design variations. Finally, an interface for design refinement was developed so that designs may be embodied by sketching over the 3D model. To test the proposed methodology, expert designers were recruited for a validation experiment with two conditions followed up by in-depth interviews. In the first condition, the participants were asked to sketch based on a design brief in their current working manner. In the second condition, they were asked to create designs using the proposed framework. It was tested whether there was a difference in the design outcomes. It was demonstrated that the proposed framework resulted in more satisfactory and higher-quality designs and generated design alternatives faster and in greater quantities. All participants agreed that the framework could be useful in the early design phase and responded that the proposed system provides more design inspiration than traditional design methods. Most importantly, it was demonstrated that the proposed framework could enhance the reevaluation potential of design concepts and assist in making better-informed design decisions. • A framework is proposed to facilitate the design exploration process in the early design phase. • Design alternatives are synthesized by interpolating an input sketch with sketches in the database. • An interactive 3D reconstruction method is proposed to facilitate the shape transition of design elements. • Experiments with experts are conducted to verify the proposed framework. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]