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The "Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ)" is a screening instrument, designed for time-efficient detection and severity assessment of depression, anxiety, and other syndromes in medical settings. Besides the questions on psychological symptoms, there are items on psychosocial functioning, on stressors and critical life events. However, for the stress items there are no psychometric properties available until now. The present study is thought to investigate item characteristics, internal consistency as well as factorial and construct validity of the stress scale of the PHQ. A representative sample of the general population of Germany was collected by a demography consulting company (USUMA, Berlin). Per random-route procedure, households and members of the households were selected. The sample was representative for the German community regarding age, gender, and education. In this investigation the following questionnaires were administered: PHQ-Stress, Questions on Life Satisfaction Modules (FLZ-M), Type-D Scale-14 (DS14). The sample included N = 2396 participants with mean age of 48.50 (SD = 17.75; range = 14 to 92) and 55.2 % being female. Reliability of the PHQ stress scale was acceptable (ω = 0.776), but some factor loadings were comparatively low. Model fit indices showed mixed results, some indicating unacceptable and some indicating acceptable fit of the 10-item stress scale of the PHQ. Correlations with related constructs demonstrated the scale's convergent validity. The results of this validation study indicate that the PHQ stress scale, which provides a one-dimensional total stress score, is a valid, good practical and reliable self-report instrument for assessing the severity of psychosocial stress. • Reliability of the PHQ stress scale was acceptable (ω = 0.776). • Model fit indices showed mixed results for the 10-item stress scale of the PHQ. • Correlations with related constructs demonstrated the scale's convergent validity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Validation of the PVSQ self-report questionnaire (diagnosis) and the DHI-PC caregiver report questionnaire (Dizziness Handicap Inventory) aims to improve the management of pediatric vertigo, which is often under-diagnosed. The PVSQ and DHI-PC questionnaires were translated according to the Forward-Backward method and presented to a group of patients consulting for dizziness in a referral center and to a control group. A retest was performed at 2 weeks for both questionnaires. Statistical validation consisted in calculating discriminatory capacity, ROC curve, reproducibility and internal consistency. The main study objective was the translation and validation of the PVSQ and DHI-PC questionnaires in French. The secondary objectives were to compare results in two subgroups according to the vestibular or non-vestibular etiology of dizziness and to assess the correlation between the two questionnaires. In total, 112 children, in two comparable groups (53 cases and 59 controls), were included. Mean PVSQ score was 14.62 for cases and 6.55 for controls (P < 0.001). Reproducibility was moderate, and internal consistency and construct validity were satisfactory. A cut-off of 11 corresponded to maximum Younden index. Mean DHI-PC score was 41.6 (cases only). Reproducibility was moderate, and internal consistency and construct validity were satisfactory. The validation of the PVSQ and DHI-PC questionnaires offers two new tools in the management of dizziness, for both screening and follow-up. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Misophonia is characterized by intense emotional reactions to specific sounds or visual stimuli and typically onsets during childhood. An obstacle for research and clinical practice is that no comprehensively evaluated measures for pediatric misophonia exist. In a sample of 102 youth meeting the proposed diagnostic criteria of misophonia, we evaluated the child and parent-proxy versions of the self-reported Misophonia Assessment Questionnaire (MAQ; assessing broad aspects of misophonia) and the child version of the Amsterdam Misophonia Scale (A-MISO-S; assessing misophonia severity). Confirmatory and exploratory factor analysis were used to examine factor structures of the measures. Further, child-parent agreement on the MAQ and associations between both measures and misophonia-related impairment, quality of life, and misophonia-related school interference were examined to evaluate aspects of convergent validity. For both youth- and parent-ratings, four MAQ factors emerged: pessimism, distress, interference, and non-recognition. A-MISO-S showed a unidimensional structure, but the item 'effort to resist' did not load significantly onto the unidimensional factor. Good child-parent agreement on the MAQ scales were found and both MAQ and A-MISO-S were moderately to strongly associated with misophonia-related impairment, quality of life (inverse association), and misophonia-related school interference. MAQ and A-MISO-S assess sensitivity to auditory but not visual stimuli, the sample size was modest, and repeated assessments were not conducted. The combination of MAQ and A-MISO-S shows promise as a multidimensional assessment approach for pediatric misophonia. Future evaluations should include known-groups validity, screening performance, and sensitivity to change in symptom severity. • Misophonia typically onsets during childhood or adolescence. • No validated measures for pediatric misophonia exist • The MAQ and A-MISO-S were evaluated in a sample of 102 youth with misophonia. • The measures show promising psychometric properties. • MAQ and A-MISO-S provide a broad measurement approach to pediatric misophonia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Presently, child-specific tools and instruments related to active school travel (AST) are lacking. This methodological shortcoming often contributes to suboptimal AST behaviour evaluations and intervention programming. The aim of this paper was to develop and validate a theoretically informed child-specific scale regarding multiple perceived barriers and enablers known to impact children's participation in AST. Mixed methods. A mixed-methods and multistudy scale development approach featuring the application of social-ecological theory, a validation pilot study (n = 80), and test-retest study (n = 96) was conducted in collaboration with children in Ontario, Canada. In tandem with completing cognitive interviews and online surveys, multiple analyses, including a qualitative thematic analysis, along with weighted Cohen's kappa, Cronbach's alpha, and confirmatory factor analysis were undertaken. Qualitative analyses of the developed tool addressed face validity concerns related to the response options and definitions of terms used. Following the reliability analyses of 40 items, two confirmatory factor analyses were run to assess the construct validation of perceived AST barriers and enablers, and resulted in the development of the 24-item Perceived Active School Travel Enablers and Barriers – Child (PASTEB-C) questionnaire. The developed PASTEB-C questionnaire may be used to inform the programming and development of AST interventions, as well as conduct child-specific AST research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9) and the Major Depression Inventory (MDI) are psychometric instruments frequently used for depression diagnosis and monitoring in primary care settings. The goal of this study was to assess and compare the construct validity of the PHQ-9 and the MDI using Rasch analysis. The PHQ-9 and the MDI were distributed in random ordering (first or last) to a waiting room sample of Danish primary care patients. Analysis of fit to the Rasch model, ordering of response categories, dimensionality-testing, test for differential item functioning, test for local dependency, and calculation of reliability indices were used to evaluate the psychometric characteristics of the instruments. A sample of 281 persons (18–87 years, 72 % females) responded to both instruments. Reliability was acceptable for PHQ-9 (PSI 0.80) and excellent for MDI (PSI 0.88). Both instruments demonstrated fit to the Rasch model after rescoring of all items. Dimensionality testing supports that both instruments are unidimensional. Indication of local dependency was observed for PHQ-9 item 2&6 and MDI item 1&4. No indication of differential item functioning regarding age, gender or ordering of instruments was found. The PHQ-9 and the MDI both demonstrate measurement problems. Modifying individual items and reducing the number of response categories in both instruments could potentially improve their measurement capabilities. Study findings do not provide a conclusive indication of which instrument has superior operating characteristics. • The PHQ-9 and the MDI are psychometric instruments frequently used for depression diagnosis and monitoring. • The construct validity of the PHQ-9 and MDI was compared head to head using Rasch analysis. • Reliability was excellent for MDI and acceptable for PHQ. • Both instruments demonstrated measurement problems in terms of local dependency of item pairs. • Both instruments may improve by reducing the number of response categories. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To develop and test the psychometric properties of a responsive feeding questionnaire (RFQ) on the basis of Self-Determination Theory for caregivers of toddlers aged 12–24 months in China. Item generation, preliminary evaluation items, refinement questionnaire, and psychometric properties testing. Toddlers' caregivers from Shandong Province, China, were surveyed online between June 2021 and February 2022 (n = 616). Content, face, and construct validity and reliability of the RFQ. Content validity was performed on the basis of expert panel feedback and cognitive interviews among caregivers. Construct validity was evaluated using principal component analysis with varimax rotation. Test-retest reliability was conducted with a sample of 105 caregivers. Over 3 phases of testing, a new instrument was developed to measure responsive feeding in toddler caregivers. The instrument was reliable, with an internal consistency of 0.87 and an intraclass correlation of 0.92. The principal component analysis identified a 3-factor solution (autonomy support, positive involvement, appropriate response) aligning with a theoretical framework from Self-Determination Theory. The final version of the instrument included 23 items. The 23-item RFQ has been validated in a Chinese population. Future research needs to validate this instrument in other countries and with children of different ages. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To develop and validate questionnaires to assess the behavioral, psychosocial, and environmental predictors of successful weight loss outcomes. Mixed method study. Questionnaires were developed using 5 steps: item generation by literature review and preexisting questionnaires, expert evaluation, pilot testing, factor analysis, and internal consistency. Adults with obesity recruited via web-based survey hyperlink. One hundred participants with a mean body mass index of 28.7 ± 4.4 kg/m2. The questionnaires were generated using 221 items. Establishing content, face and construct validity, and internal consistency. Content validity was analyzed using content validity index and content validity ratio, internal consistency through Cronbach α (CA), and structural validity by factor analysis via principal varimax rotation. All three questionnaires had good content validity. The Behavioral Predictor Questionnaire had good internal consistency (CA, 0.7) and excellent structural validity (69.7%). Psychosocial Predictors Questionnaire (CA, 0.8, 67.5%) and Environmental Predictors Questionnaire (CA: 0.8, 72.2%) had excellent internal consistency and structural validity. Questionnaires seem to be practical, valid, and reliable tools for baseline assessment of individual-specific factors related to weight loss success. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Self-report questionnaires have been developed to efficiently assess psychosis risk and vulnerability. Despite this, the validity of these questionnaires for assessing specific positive symptoms in those at clinical high risk for psychosis (CHR) is unclear. Positive symptoms have largely been treated as a uniform construct in this critical population and there have been no reports on the construct validity of questionnaires for assessing specific symptoms. The present study examined the convergent, discriminant, and criterion validity of the Launay Slade Hallucination Scale-Revised (LSHS-R), Prodromal Questionnaire-Brief (PQB), and Community Assessment of Psychic Experiences positive scale (CAPE-P) using a multimethod approach. CHR individuals (N = 71) and healthy controls (HC; N = 71) completed structured clinical interviews, self-report questionnaires, and neuropsychological tests. Questionnaire intercorrelations indicated strong convergent validity (i.e., all rs > .50); however, evidence for discriminant validity was more variable. In examining relations to interviewer-assessed psychosis symptoms, all questionnaires demonstrated evidence of criterion validity, though the PQB showed the strongest convergent correlations (e.g., r = .48 with total symptoms). In terms of discriminant validity for specific positive symptoms, results were again more variable. PQB subscales demonstrated limited specificity with positive symptoms, whereas CAPE-P subscales showed some specificity and the LSHS-R showed high specificity. In addition, when correlations with internalizing and externalizing symptoms were examined, only the PQB showed consistent significant correlations. These results are interpreted in terms of the strengths and limitations of each measure, their value for screening, and their potential utility for clarifying differences between specific positive symptoms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: We have developed two Dutch questionnaires to assess the shared decision-making (SDM) process in oncology; the iSHAREpatient and iSHAREphysician. In this study, we aimed to determine: scores, construct validity, test-retest agreement (iSHAREpatient), and inter-rater (iSHAREpatient-iSHAREphysician) agreement.Methods: Physicians from seven Dutch hospitals recruited cancer patients, and completed the iSHAREphysician and SDM-Questionnaire-physician version. Their patients completed the: iSHAREpatient, nine-item SDM-Questionnaire, Decisional Conflict Scale, Combined Outcome Measure for Risk communication And treatment Decision-making Effectiveness, and five-item Perceived Efficacy in Patient-Physician Interactions. We formulated, respectively, one (iSHAREphysician) and 10 (iSHAREpatient) a priori hypotheses regarding correlations between the iSHARE questionnaires and questionnaires assessing related constructs. To assess test-retest agreement patients completed the iSHAREpatient again 1-2 weeks later.Results: In total, 151 treatment decision-making processes with unique patients were rated. Dimension and total iSHARE scores were high both in patients and physicians. The hypothesis on the iSHAREphysician and 9/10 hypotheses on the iSHAREpatient were confirmed. Test-retest and inter-rater agreement were>.60 for most items.Conclusions: The iSHARE questionnaires show high scores, have good construct validity, substantial test-retest agreement, and moderate inter-rater agreement.Practice Implications: Results from the iSHARE questionnaires can inform both physician- and patient-directed efforts to improve SDM in clinical practice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: The Michigan Hand Questionnaire (MHQ) is a commonly used evaluation for hand problems, but previous work reports conflicting evidence regarding the subscale structures. Rasch analysis uses probabilistic modeling of items and responses: if scale items can be fit to the Rasch model, it provides evidence of construct validity and interval-level measurement for precise statistical estimates. We conducted Rasch analysis on the MHQ to evaluate model fit, unidimensionality of the subscales, bias across person factors, and conversion to interval metrics.Methods: We conducted a secondary Rasch analysis of MHQ data from 924 persons with thumb basal joint osteoarthritis using the RUMM2030 software. Modeling was based on responses for the most affected hand and person factors including age, sex, type of work, whether the dominant side was the most affected, and surgical status. The analysis plan followed the published recommendations for examinations of person and item fit, with iterative adjustments as required.Results: A total of 11 of the 37 items required rescoring to create orderly progression of scoring thresholds. Only the overall hand function and pain subscales could be fit to the Rasch model, demonstrating unidimensionality and good reliability of fit estimates. Dividing the activities of daily living subscale into unilateral and bilateral activities also allowed unilateral activities to fit the model. Persistent misfitting in other subscales suggested local dependency and response bias across multiple person factors.Conclusions: This Rasch analysis of the MHQ raises concerns regarding the validity and fundamental measurement properties of this widely used outcome evaluation when used as a summary score. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Scrupulosity, despite its considerable prevalence and morbidity, remains under-investigated. The present study develops and examines the psychometric properties of a comprehensive assessment tool, the Scrupulosity Inventory (SI). The SI , along with other measures of obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) and perfectionism, were administered to a sample (N = 150) of college undergraduates similar in size to other scale development studies of related measures. We conducted exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses of the SI , examined its convergent and divergent validity, and assessed its ability to predict categorical diagnoses of scrupulosity using a receiver operator characteristic analysis. We found a well-fitting confirmatory bifactor model (RMSEA = 0.049) with a strong general Scrupulosity factor (ω H S = 0.907) and specific factors for Personal Violations (ω H S = 0.212) , Ritualized Behavior (ω H S = 0.505) , Interference with Life (ω H S = 0.254) , and Problem Pervasiveness (ω H S = 0.430). As predicted, we also found the strongest convergence (r = 0.63) between the SI and the Penn Inventory of Scrupulosity (PIOS), intermediate convergence (r = 0.54) between the SI and Perfectionism Inventory (PI), and weaker convergence (r = 0.47) between the SI and YBOCS. Finally, we found that a categorical diagnosis of scrupulosity was highly predicted by the SI (AUC = 0.84), less well-predicted by the PIOS (AUC = 0.75) and less well predicted by the YBOCS (AUC = 0.69). This study was conducted among a sample of undergraduates at a religiously affiliated university. These results suggest utility in using the SI to measure the severity of scrupulosity symptoms and that scrupulosity and OCD may present significantly different clinical features. • The SI is a self-report inventory that measures scrupulosity symptoms. • The SI shows sound psychometric properties. • A five-factor model structure of the SI was obtained. • Divergence exists between scrupulosity and obsessive-compulsive disorder. • The SI may be used in the future for research and clinical assessments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Prevent Alcohol and Risk-related Trauma in Youth (P.A.R.T.Y.) program is an immersive hospital-based education program designed to reduce trauma in adolescents. The efficacy of the program in reducing risk-taking attitudes and preventing traumatic injuries has been proven through various methodologies. However, there is currently no study that has investigated the efficacy of the program using a validated, multi-domain questionnaire. This study outlines the design of the P.A.R.T.Y. Program Questionnaire (PPQ) and validates it through examining its construct and criterion validity as well as its internal consistency. Its capacity to risk-stratify participants was compared against the RT-18, a robust, 18-item risk-profiling instrument. The PPQ and the RT-18 were completed by New South Wales school students (N = 458) aged 15 to 18. The PPQ was designed in consultation with relevant field experts to optimise engagement and sensitivity. Examination of the construct validity of the PPQ was performed through exploratory factor analysis which demonstrated the presence of two underlying factors which aligned with the constructed two-scenario questionnaire format. The PPQ was shown to be internally consistent with a Cronbach's alpha of 0.77. Individual scenarios were shown to be internally consistent as well (α = 0.69, α = 0.66). The PPQ also identified high risk and low risk participants effectively as demonstrated by comparison against the risk stratification performed with the RT-18 (p-value < 0.001). This suggests the PPQ demonstrates criterion validity. Hence, the PPQ is an effective and valid tool for assessing risk-taking attitudes in adolescent populations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: This study aimed to develop and assess the content validity of a patient-reported outcomes (PROs) instrument to measure symptoms and impacts experienced by patients with active multiple myeloma (MM).Methods: The PRO instrument was developed using an iterative, mixed-methods approach. The list of concepts was generated based on a review of existing evidence (qualitative studies and literature) and post hoc psychometric evaluations of 2 PRO instruments in 3 clinical trials. A total of 30 adult patients with MM from the United States participated in hybrid concept elicitation/cognitive debriefing interviews to validate the content validity of the newly developed PRO instrument. Translatability assessment was completed in 8 languages.Results: The item generation process resulted in 17 symptom and 9 impact concepts for evaluation. The concept elicitation interviews and analysis were based on the first 25 participants; evidence of saturation was observed. The cognitive debriefing interviews and analysis were based on the last 23 participants across 4 waves of interviews. On the basis patient feedback, 10 items were removed, and 1 item was added to the PRO instrument. The translatability assessment resulted in 1 minor revision. The multiple myeloma symptom and impact questionnaire (MySIm-Q) includes 11 symptom and 6 impact concepts, organized within 8 hypothesized subdomains, with each concept measured using a 5-point verbal rating scale and a 7-day recall period.Conclusions: The MySIm-Q instrument was developed using rigorous and mixed methodology and with direct input from patients who received a diagnosis of MM. The MySIm-Q has good content validity and is culturally relevant for use in global clinical trials. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Menstruation is a physiological event often associated with subjective distress. Is there a tool that assesses and objectively evaluates the global distress experienced by women during their period? An observational cross-sectional study conducted between June 2019 and May 2020 at Careggi University Hospital, Florence, Italy. A new questionnaire, The Menstrual Distress Questionnaire (MEDI-Q), was developed and administered to a group of healthy women (n = 418) of fertile age (18–50 years), without known uterine, psychiatric disorders, or both. The MEDI-Q investigated 25 items, covering the following areas: pain, discomfort, psychic or cognitive changes, gastrointestinal symptoms and changes in physiological functions. MEDI-Q Total Score and the three sub-scales, Menstrual Symptoms (MS), Menstrual Symptoms Distress (MSD) and Menstrual Specificity Index (MESI) were evaluated. The validation of MEDI-Q was achieved by testing test–retest reliability and internal consistency, convergent and concurrent validity. The MEDI-Q produced reliable results with good internal consistency, convergent and concurrent validity. MEDI-Q Total Score, MS and MSD all positively correlated with general psychopathology and premenstrual symptoms. A receiver operating characteristic analysis was used to determine the cut-off value of 20 (inclusive) and to identify the women with clinically relevant menstrual distress (area under the curve 0.90, 95% CI 0.86 to 0.93; P < 0.001). MEDI-Q is a new tool for evaluating menstruation-related distress, and provides a representative score of stress perception. MEDI-Q may be added to routine women's healthcare to help identify and adequately monitor menstruation-related disorders, and their effect on wellbeing, promptly. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To describe the Military Eating Behavior Survey (MEBS), developed, and validated for use in military populations. Questionnaire development using a 6-phase approach that included item generation, subject matter expert review, cognitive interviewing, factor analysis, test-retest reliability testing, and parallel forms testing. US Army soldiers were surveyed at 8 military bases from 2016 to 2019 (n = 1,561). Content, face, and construct validity and reliability of the MEBS. Item variability, internal consistency, and exploratory factor analysis using principal coordinates analysis, orthogonal varimax rotation, and scree test (correlation coefficient and Cronbach alpha), as well as consistency and agreement (intraclass correlation coefficient) of test-retest reliability and parallel forms reliability. Over 6 phases of testing, a comprehensive tool to examine military eating habits and mediators of eating behavior was developed. Questionnaire length was reduced from 277 items to 133 items (43 eating habits; 90 mediating behaviors). Factor analysis identified 14 eating habit scales (hunger, satiety, food craving, meal pattern, restraint, diet rigidity, emotional eating, fast/slow eating rate, environmental triggers, situational eating, supplement use, and food choice) and 8 mediating factor scales (body composition strategy, perceived stress, food access, sleep habits, military fitness, physical activity, military body image, and nutrition knowledge). The MEBS provides a new approach for assessing eating behavior in military personnel and may be used to inform and evaluate health promotion interventions related to weight management, performance optimization, and military readiness and resiliency. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The failure to regulate emotions, namely emotional dysregulation (ED), is a relevant construct in adolescent psychiatry, in terms of prognostic and developmental implications. We developed and validated a novel self-report questionnaire for the assessment of ED, the RIPoSt-Y, both in clinical and non-clinical samples.Methods: Items selection and subscales construction were conducted on healthy controls (n=374), while test-retest reliability was evaluated in a subsample (n=72); internal consistency was examined both in the control group and in two clinical samples, respectively including patients with Bipolar Spectrum Disorders (BSD; n=44) and ADHD (n=34). Construct, concurrent and convergent validity were also assessed.Results: Thirty-one items were finally retained, and three subscales were identified (Affective Instability, Emotional Reactivity, Interpersonal Sensitivity). Test-retest was significant for each subscale with moderate-to-good correlations, and internal consistency showed good-to-excellent coefficients. Construct validity was supported by significant differences between patients and controls and gender-related differences. Concurrent validity was confirmed through significant associations with two subscales of the CHT-Q, while convergent validity proved to be significant with the CBCL/YSR dysregulation-profile. Cut-offs were also computed to discriminate clinically significant scores of ED.Limitations: The use of a school-based survey to recruit controls could have biased our results; gender distributions between clinical and non-clinical samples were significantly different.Conclusions: Our novel questionnaire proved to be a valid and reliable tool able to assess the presence of ED in youths and to characterize this fundamental construct in its multidimensional facets. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Childhood trauma is highly prevalent among incarcerated individuals and contributes to a range of negative outcomes. Assessing traumatic childhood events in prison settings requires valid, reliable, and effective instruments. This study evaluated the performance of the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire - Short Form (CTQ-SF), originally developed and validated in English, within a sample of incarcerated men and women (n = 1118 and n = 207, respectively) in six Spanish prisons. The results indicated that the CTQ-SF had an acceptable fit in our sample. However, the internal consistency of the Physical Neglect subscale was found to be deficient (α = 0.57), especially among women (α = 0.43). This finding aligns with previous research across different contexts, which may signal weaknesses in the original construction of this subscale. The CTQ-SF demonstrated limited invariance between men and women, with only configural invariance being achieved, constraining the comparisons that can be made across sexes. In the absence of scalar invariance, comparisons of factor means to assess severity may be misleading, and caution is recommended when comparing prevalence estimates for men and women in Spanish prisons. Nonetheless, our findings support the convergent validity of the CTQ-SF, as trauma severity showed moderate correlations with depression, anxiety, stress, and aggression. These results underscore the importance of evaluating the performance of instruments across various cultural contexts and populations to ensure the validity of study conclusions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: A number of patient-reported outcomes (PROs) have been developed but insufficient attention has been devoted to the assessment of their clinimetric properties. Clinimetrics, the science of clinical measurements, has been considered an emerging approach for evaluating reliability and validity of PROs. This is the first study using clinimetric principles to compare the construct and criterion validity of the Major Depression Inventory (MDI), the Beck Depression Inventory-II (BDI-II), the World Health Organization Well-Being Index (WHO-5), three of the most widely used PROs for the assessment of depression.Methods: Construct validity was evaluated via Item Response Theory (IRT) models (i.e., combining Rasch and Mokken analyses). Using the ICD-10 diagnostic algorithm for any depression as the gold standard, Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) curves were performed to examine the criterion validity of PROs.Results: One hundred healthy subjects (73% females, 32.6 ± 10.5 years) participated in the study, giving a response rate of 90.1%. When using IRT analyses, MDI and WHO-5 were found to be reliable and unidimensional, while BDI-II showed lack of unidimensionality. ROC analyses supported the diagnostic accuracy of MDI and the screening properties of WHO-5.Limitations: The main limitations of the present study are that healthy subjects were assessed only via only self-reported measures and a cross-sectional design was used.Conclusions: WHO-5 and MDI outperformed BDI-II in terms of construct and criterion validity. WHO-5 should be considered when screening for depression, while MDI should be used as a valid diagnostic instrument and as a unidimensional measure to assess depression severity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We investigated the test-retest reliability of the 2-min walk test (2MWT) and its concurrent validity with the 6-min walk test (6MWT) in Ugandan outpatients with alcohol use disorder (AUD). We also explored practice effects, and assessed the minimal detectable change (MDC) and correlations with the 2MWT. Fifty outpatients [7 women; median age = 32.0 years] performed the 2MWT twice, the 6MWT once, and completed the Simple Physical Activity Questionnaire, Brief Symptoms Inventory-18 (BSI-18), and Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test. The median (interquartile) 2MWT score on the first and second test were 162.0 (49.0) meters and 161.0 (58.0) meters, respectively, without significant difference between the two trials (p = 0.20). The intraclass correlation between the two 2MWTs was 0.96 (95% confidence interval = 0.94-0.98). The Spearman Rho correlation between the second 2MWT and the 6MWT was 0.91 (p < 0.001). The MDC for the 2MWT was 18 m. There was no evidence of a practice effect. Variance in BSI-18 depression and the presence of leg pain following the 2MWT explained 18.7% of 2MWT score variance. The 2MWT is a reliable and valid fitness test, which can be conducted without any special equipment or substantial time demands in outpatients with AUD. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The PHQ-2 is a screening test for major depressive disorder (MDD) derived from PHQ-9, which has shown to be useful in the detection of cases of clinical significance in previous studies. The psychometric properties of PHQ-2 in the Colombian population are unknown.Methods: PHQ-2 were assessed in 243 patients in general medical consultations using the Mini-International Neuropsychiatric Interview (MINI) as the gold standard. Internal consistency, convergent validity and criterion validity were calculated by analyzing the Receptor Operating Characteristics (ROC) and the area under the curve (AUC).Results: Cronbach's alpha and McDonald's omega coefficients were 0.71. Spearman's rho coefficients for correlations with PHQ-9 and HADS-D scores were 0.63 and 0.59 (p<0.01). AUC was 0.89. The optimal cut point was ≥2 with the following indicators: sensitivity 0.87 specificity 0.74; Youden index 0.60; PPV 0.47; NPV 0.95; (LR+) 3.24; (LR-) 0.18 (95% CI 0.09-0.37). Kappa coefficient between PHQ-2 and MINI for depression was .458 and 0.46 for HADS-D.Limitations: Since this study was done with people attending hospital, which could has implications for the prevalence of depression, affecting the validity indicators of the instrument.Conclusions: PHQ-2 show an acceptable test performance in the context of the study. However, the test could yield a considerable amount of false positives that would require specialized evaluation to establish a reliable diagnosis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: This research sought to review studies that examined the factor structure of the PHQ-9 using a confirmatory factor analysis approach (Study 1); to review studies that tested the measurement invariance of the PHQ-9 (Study 2); to examine the psychometric properties of the European Portuguese version in the general population (Study 3).Methods: Using PRISMA guidelines, a search was performed on Web of Science, PsycINFO, and Scopus from 2001 to August 2019. Assessment of eligibility criteria and data extraction were conducted by two independent researchers (Studies 1 and 2). In Study 3, data were collected from 1479 Portuguese adults, using a cross-sectional design. The BDI-II and the GDS-15 were administered to examine convergent validity.Results: The systematic review identified four-factor models of the PHQ-9 (Study 1). Nineteen studies supported a one-factor model, whereas 12 found evidence for a two-factor model. Both models were supported in general, clinical, psychiatric, and international samples. Study 2 identified ten studies that examined PHQ-9 measurement invariance across 18 groups. The PHQ-9 measurement invariance was fully supported across studies. Study 3 revealed that a two-factor model showed a close fit to data in the European Portuguese version of the PHQ-9. Measurement invariance, reliability, and convergent and divergent validity were also established.Limitations: Study 3 did not include a gold standard measure of depression to evaluate PHQ-9 diagnostic properties.Conclusions: Conceptual implications of the findings are discussed, and recommendations for using the Portuguese version of the PHQ-9 as a screening measure in community settings are also highlighted. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Affective dysregulation is central to depression. However, emotion regulation (ER) tendencies in depression remain poorly understood. It is critical, therefore, to validate measures of habitual ER in clinical populations. The current study aimed to validate the Cognitive Emotion Regulation Questionnaire (CERQ) in a sample of individuals with a history of recurrent depression who are currently in remission.Method: The CERQ measures ER tendencies with 36 self-report items that are divided into nine subscales. Each subscale is purported to assess one of five adaptive and four maladaptive ER strategies. The CERQ was administered to 476 adults (mean age = 46.76 years; 75% female) that were currently in remission with a history of recurrent depression, who were recruited from primary care settings. We first investigated the CERQ's nine factor structure, internal consistency, convergent and criterion validity.Results: The nine-factor structure did not fit the CERQ structure in a sample of individuals with recurrent depression and convergent validity was poor. Instead, a five-factor structure fit the data best and showed acceptable convergent and criterion validity.Limitations: The generalisability of the findings may be limited due to relative lack of diversity in terms of gender and ethnicity of the sample.Conclusion: These results suggest that the taxonomic structure of the CERQ does not fit emotion regulation patterns in adults with a history of depression. These findings highlight the importance of validating measures in clinical samples. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Context: The Nausea and Vomiting Management Barriers Questionnaire (NVMBQ) measures patient-related barriers to antiemetic medication.Objectives: The primary aim of this study was to test the construct validity, internal consistency, and content validity of the NVMBQ. The secondary aim was to develop a shortened version of the NVMBQ.Methods: A quantitative secondary data analysis from a previous cross-sectional study of the NVMBQ (n = 299) was performed. It included analyses of descriptive data, factor structure, internal consistency, and patient comments. Content validity was established with 10 experts (including patients, nurses, physicians, and scientists) using the item-wise content validity index and the scale CVI (S-CVI).Results: The exploratory factor analysis revealed eight underlying dimensions that were mostly congruent with the hypothesized structure when developing the NVMBQ. Internal consistency was high (α = 0.90). More than 70% of the items were estimated as relevant by the experts. However, the S-CVI was moderate (S-CVI = 0.74). A 14-item short version of the NVMBQ was identified. Qualitative analysis suggested the inclusion of additional clinically relevant items (e.g., the inability to take oral antiemetics if nausea was already present).Conclusion: The NVMBQ provides a good basis for assessing patient-related barriers to chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting management. We will use the resulting and translated NVMBQ in a larger study to assess the relationships between chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting, patient-related barriers, and current antiemetic regimens. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Psychotic-like experiences (PLEs) are perceptual and thought disturbances that, although common among children, increase risk for future psychopathology, particularly if persistent. Clinical interviews are too time-consuming and costly to administer at a population level, but the criterion validity of a brief questionnaire for screening community samples of children as young as 9 years for PLEs has not been established. This study aimed to test the criterion (concurrent and predictive) validity of the Psychotic-Like Experiences Questionnaire for Children (PLEQ-C). The PLEQ-C (9-item self- and 10-item parent-report versions) was administered to 139 children aged 9-12 years and their caregivers recruited from Greater London, UK. Children additionally completed a diagnostic interview assessing hallucinations and delusions and three further PLEQ-C assessments at approximately 24-month intervals. Concordance of child- and caregiver-reports of PLEs on questionnaire (PLE-Q) was low. Self-reports of any PLE-Q demonstrated good sensitivity (73.3%), specificity (78.5%), positive and negative predictive values (PPV: 72.1%; NPV: 79.5%) for any PLE determined by interview (PLE-I), whereas caregiver-reports of any PLE-Q performed poorly (sensitivity 51.7%, specificity 78.5%, PPV 64.6%, NPV 68.1%). Multinomial regression analyses indicated that children reporting any PLE-Q at screening were at significantly increased risk of reporting PLEs on multiple assessments during adolescence relative to no PLEs, closely replicating the pattern and magnitude of effects (large-to-very large) obtained for children with any PLE-I. The PLEQ-C offers a valid, brief, feasible, and cost-effective means of community screening to identify children who present with PLEs and could be assessed with clinical interview. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The recently released 11th edition of International Classification of Diseases (ICD-11) included new definitions of disorders specifically associated with stress. Complex post-traumatic stress disorder (CPTSD) was included in ICD-11 as a new trauma-related disorder which could develop following prolonged or reoccurring traumatic experiences. Research on ICD-11 PTSD and CPTSD validity and epidemiology has, so far, mostly been conducted in adult population. This is the first study to explore the construct validity of the Child and Adolescent version of International Trauma Questionnaire (ITQ-CA) as a measure of ICD-11 CPTSD symptoms.Methods: The study was based on a sample of 932 adolescents from the general population aged 12-16 (M = 14.25, SD = 1.27) years exposed to various traumatic experiences. We used confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) and latent class analysis (LCA) to test validity of the ITQ-CA scores from adolescents.Results: The best fitting measurement model included six correlated factors representing the three PTSD and three DSO symptom clusters. LCA analysis revealed four classes whose symptom profiles were reflective of 'CPTSD', 'PTSD', 'DSO only', and 'Baseline'.Conclusions: Findings of the study provide support for the construct validity of the ICD-11 PTSD and CPTSD among adolescents. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Given the lack of standardized tools to assess tolerability from patient's perspective, we carried out the validation of a questionnaire to asses treatment tolerability for rheumatoid arthritis (RA): TOL-AR-18. The TOL-AR-18 was validated in the cross-sectional observational study in adult patients with RA. Socio-demographic and clinical variables were collected. Patients completed the TOL-AR-18 and ARTS questionnaires and a question about their general health status. Data of 66 patients with a mean age (standard deviation; SD) of 56.71 (10.50) years were analyzed; 66.7% were women. Mean (SD) time to disease progression was 10.76 (8.23) years, and time from first treatment initiation was 9.24 (7.70) years. Patients did not report other adverse events rather than those included in the TOL-AR-18. The questionnaire was feasible with high internal consistency (Cronbach's α >0.90). Discriminant validity was moderate, with significant differences between patients in remission and all other, and between patients who did not report adverse events and the rest (P <.05). Convergent validity was moderate–low when correlated with the ARTS questionnaire. The TOL-AR-18 is valid for use in a clinical setting and useful as an additional tool for all professionals to manage and assess tolerability in RA. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: The Parker Mobility Score has proven to be a valid and reliable measurement of hip fracture patient mobility. For hip fracture registries the Fracture Mobility Score is advised and used, although this score has never been validated. This study aims to validate the Fracture Mobility Score against the Parker Mobility Score.Patients and Methods: The Dutch Hip Fracture Audit uses the Fracture Mobility Score (categorical scale). For the purpose of this study, five hospitals registered both the Fracture Mobility Score and the Parker Mobility Score (0-9 scale) for every admitted hip fracture patient in 2018. The Spearman correlation between the two scores was calculated. To test whether the correlation coefficient remained stable among different patient subgroups, analyses were stratified according to baseline patient characteristics.Results: In total 1,201 hip fracture patients were included. The Spearman correlation between the Fracture Mobility Score and Parker Mobility Score was strong: 0.73 (p = < 0.001). Stratified for gender, age, ASA score, dementia, Index of Activities of Daily Living (KATZ-6 ADL score), living situation and nutritional status, the correlation coefficient varied between 0.40-0.84. For patients aged 90 and over and having an ASA score of III-IV who suffered from dementia, had a KATZ-6 ADL score of 1-6, lived in an institution and/or were malnourished, the correlation was moderate.Conclusion: The Fracture Mobility Score is overall strongly correlated with the Parker Mobility Score and can be considered as a valid score to measure hip fracture patient mobility. This may encourage other hip fracture audits to also use the Fracture Mobility Score, which would increase the uniformity of mobility score results among national hip fracture audits and decrease the overall registration load. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To present initial validity data on three web-based computerized versions of the Kiddie Schedule for Affective Disorders and Schizophrenia (KSADS-COMP).Method: The sample for evaluating the validity of the clinician-administered KSADS-COMP included 511 youths 6-18 years of age who were participants in the Child Mind Institute Healthy Brain Network. The sample for evaluating the parent and youth self-administered versions of the KSADS-COMP included 158 youths 11-17 years of age recruited from three academic institutions.Results: Average administration time for completing the combined parent and youth clinician-administered KSADS-COMP was less time than previously reported for completing the paper-and-pencil K-SADS with only one informant (91.9 ± 50.1 minutes). Average administration times for the youth and parent self-administered KSADS-COMP were 50.9 ± 28.0 minutes and 63.2 ± 38.3 minutes, respectively, and youths and parents rated their experience using the web-based self-administered KSADS-COMP versions very positively. Diagnoses generated with all three KSADS-COMP versions demonstrated good convergent validity against established clinical rating scales and dimensional diagnostic-specific ratings derived from the KSADS-COMP. When parent and youth self-administered KSADS-COMP data were integrated, good to excellent concordance was also achieved between diagnoses derived using the self-administered and clinician-administered KSADS-COMP versions (area under the curve = 0.89-1.00).Conclusion: The three versions of the KSADS-COMP demonstrate promising psychometric properties, while offering efficiency in administration and scoring. The clinician-administered KSADS-COMP shows utility not only for research, but also for implementation in clinical practice, with self-report preinterview ratings that streamline administration. The self-administered KSADS-COMP versions have numerous potential research and clinical applications, including in large-scale epidemiological studies, in schools, in emergency departments, and in telehealth to address the critical shortage of child and adolescent mental health specialists.Clinical Trial Registration Information: Computerized Screening for Comorbidity in Adolescents With Substance or Psychiatric Disorders; https://clinicaltrials.gov/; NCT01866956. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Emotional dysregulation (ED) is a heterogenous construct with great relevance in psychiatric research and clinical practice. In the present study, we validated a 40-items version of the Reactivity, Intensity, Polarity and Stability questionnaire (RIPoSt-40), a self-report measure of ED.Methods: A non-clinical sample (N = 396) and two clinical samples of patients with cyclothymia (N = 120) and ADHD (N = 54) were recruited. Items were selected and subscales were derived based on inter-item correlations and PCA with promax rotation in the non-clinical sample. Test-retest reliability was assessed in a subsample (N = 60). Internal consistency and concurrent validity with TEMPS-M factors were evaluated in each sample. The three groups results were compared to ascertain discriminant validity.Results: Four subscales were identified as measures of affective instability, emotional impulsivity, negative and positive emotionality. The first three subscales also sum up to a negative ED score comprising thirty items. Measures of reliability (test-retest r = 0.71-0.84) and internal consistency (Cronbach's α = 0.72-0.95) were generally high. Concurrent validity was supported by correlations with TEMPS-M factors. Discriminant validity was significant (p < 0.001) with cyclothymic and ADHD patients showing higher scores for each subscale, except for positive emotionality.Limitations: The non-clinical sample was recruited through a web-survey and mainly included young and highly educated subjects. Mood and anxiety comorbidity of the clinical samples were not taken into consideration.Conclusion: RIPoSt-40 questionnaire has proved to be a valid, reliable and useful tool to assess ED both in clinical and non-clinical contexts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Effective communication is an essential component of high-quality nursing care. Health literacy, the ability to access, describe, evaluate and apply health information to make informed decisions, is an important component of effective communication in nursing. Nurses, including student nurses, with good levels of health literacy (HL) are well positioned to communicate reliable public health-related information effectively, at times like the COVID-19 global pandemic. At this time, many nursing students have been at the frontline of patient education, as such, it would be expected that they have high levels of HL. However, it has been suggested that there is the need to improve HL levels in nursing students. The aim of this study was to analyse the structure of item response of a back translated Chinese version of the COVID-HLS-Q22 questionnaire and to assess the coronavirus-related HLof Chinese speaking nursing students in Hong Kong using the COVID-HLS-Q22-CN. A cross-sectional study of 97 undergraduate nursing students was conducted using two self-reported questionnaires. The HLS-EU-16 scale, with face validity already established, was used to assess scale equivalence Using a cross-over study approach, student participants were randomly assigned in sequential order. The validation process was performed in five phases: direct translation, translation synthesis, back translation, consolidation with experts, and testing with the students. The intended outcome of this study will be a formally tested model of the Chinese version of the COVID-HLS-Q22-CN, that can be replicated in Chinese population. Factorial equivalence was present across language versions in both questionnaires. Internal consistency was excellent for COVID-HLS-Q22-CN (coefficient alpha for Chinese version of questionnaire, 0.957 and English version, 0.953). This suggested that the four subscale are stable across the two questionnaires. The COVID-HLS-Q22-CN has proven to be a feasible and reliable tool in the assessment of Hong Kong based Chinese speaking nursing students. The emergence of issues around COVID-related HL further highlights the need to include the teaching of critical health literacy skills within nurse education, preparing the healthcare professionals of the future for public health emergencies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• A questionnaire to evaluate the impact of ISO 9001 Standards in schools is validated. • Reliability, content and construct validity was analysed (through SEM). • The overall reliability of the questionnaire is very good (Cronbach's α of 0.985). • The Confirmatory Factorial Analysis showed highly satisfactory results. • The unidimensionality of the instrument was demonstrated. Implementation of Quality Management Systems in educational organisations is a fact in many countries. Therefore, it is necessary to obtain evidence of the improvements and changes that the centres have because of the implementation. Thus, this paper presents the design of a solidly based questionnaire to evaluate the impact of ISO 9001 Standards in schools. Likewise, the analysis of the technical characteristics of the instrument is presented. We analysed the reliability, content and construct validity (the latter by means of Structural Equations Models implemented with Software AMOS 24). Results show that the overall reliability of the questionnaire is very good, with a Cronbach's α of 0.985 and values higher than 0.93 in each of the six dimensions. The Confirmatory Factorial Analysis showed highly satisfactory results (IFI/ TLI/CF I > 0.90, RMSEA < 0.50, PRATIO > 0.85). The validity of the questionnaire is good, there is consistency between dimensions and sub-dimensions. Thus, the instrument presented combined the necessary technical characteristics for it to be considered a valid and reliable tool. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The short form of the Preoccupied and Avoidant Coping Questionnaire (PACQ; Younger, Corby, Perry, 2005) is a widely used self-report questionnaire measuring insecure attachment toward mother and father in middle childhood. However, its factorial structure has not yet been examined, and evidence concerning its concurrent and convergent validity is extremely sparse. In Study 1 (N = 378, M = 9.37 years), we evaluated the factorial structure of the PACQ and its measurement invariance across Italian boys and girls. In Study 2 (N = 199, M = 9.27 years), we tested the mutual associations between the PACQ and the Experiences in Close Relationships–Revised Child version (ECR-RC; Brenning, Van Petegem, Soenens, 2014), and their convergent and predictive validity. Results supported the factorial validity of the PACQ, its satisfactory internal consistency and structural invariance across child gender. However, findings lent only partial support to the association between the PACQ and the ECR-RC, and convergent and predictive validity were found only for the avoidance subscale of these questionnaires. Overall, the Italian version of the PACQ is a psychometrically sound instrument to assess insecure attachment in middle childhood, but further research is needed to shed light on the conceptual significance of the preoccupied dimension. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Develop, validate, and assess reliability of a food skills questionnaire. Phase 1: Questionnaire development categorized questions into domains (Food Selection and Planning, Food Preparation, and Food Safety and Storage). Phase 2: Content validity included expert panel quantitative and qualitative feedback. Phase 3: Face validity involved pilot testing. Phase 4: Reliability assessed test-retest and inter-item reliability. Phase 1: The authors developed a draft questionnaire in London, Ontario, Canada. Phase 2: Dietitians, home economists, academics, and chefs completed content validity (n = 17; 57% response rate). Phase 3: A convenience sample of students completed face validity (n = 20; 17% response rate). Phase 4: Randomly selected students completed test-retest reliability (time 1: n = 189, time 2: n = 165; 9% response rate). Lawshe content validity ratio, Lawshe content validity index, intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs), and Cronbach α. Test-retest reliability was evaluated using ICC, and inter-item reliability by Cronbach α coefficient. In phase 2, Lawshe content validity index was 0.80 (90% expert panel consensus). In phase 3, 85% of respondents identified the main construct. In phase 4, Cronbach α coefficients were.67–.88 for domains and.90 for the questionnaire overall, and ICC scores ranged from 0.67–0.92 for questions, 0.86–0.93 for domains, and 0.92 for the questionnaire overall. This questionnaire demonstrated strong content validity, face validity, test-retest reliability, and good inter-item reliability. It is appropriate for evaluating food skills in a population with basic to intermediate skills (eg, young adults). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract Objective Explore current maternal and infant nutrition education practices and family medicine primary care providers' views on a group care model to deliver nutrition education to mother–infant dyads. Design In-depth interviews. Setting Family medicine clinics in 1 Midwestern US hospital system. Participants Family medicine primary care providers (n = 17) who regularly see infants during well-baby visits. Phenomenon of Interest Current maternal and infant nutrition education practices; views on ideal way to deliver nutrition education to mother–infant dyads; feedback on group care model to deliver nutrition education to mother–infant dyads. Analysis Audio recordings transcribed verbatim and coded using conventional content analysis. Results Family medicine primary care providers are limited in the ability to provide maternal and infant nutrition education and desire a different approach. Group care was the preferred method; it was shared most frequently as the ideal approach to nutrition education delivery and participants reacted favorably when presented with this model. However, there were many concerns with group care (eg, moderating difficult conversations, program implementation logistics, sufficient group volume, and interruption in patient–provider relationship). Conclusion and Implications Family medicine primary care providers desire a different approach to deliver nutrition education to mother–infant dyads in clinic. A group care model may be well-accepted among family medicine primary care providers but issues must be resolved before implementation. These results could inform future group care implementation studies and influence provider buy-in. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Highlights • The MCFQ is an innovative and promising instrument for the evaluation of maternal perception of fatigue during labor. • First questionnaire developed and validated for labor. • The questionnaire has adequate content, internal consistency and face validity. • The MCFQ helps the decision making of obstetrics physical therapists. Abstract Objective To develop and analysis of measurement properties an instrument to assess maternal perception of fatigue during childbirth. Methods The study was developed in three steps: elaboration of the initial version of the questionnaire from literature review and semi-structured interviews of the health professionals and the women during labor; consultation of Brazilian specialists through a Delphi Study, to define the items that should compose the final version of the document; validation and factor analysis. Results A 51-item questionnaire, comprised of the perception of general health, physical, emotional and cognitive aspects of the parturient was composed through both literature search and the interview of health professionals and women during labor. The Delphi Study was composed of three rounds and the instrument was reduced to 12 questions by its end, involving the same aspects. Internal consistency testing resulted in a Cronbach's alpha of 0.56 in the 12 items. 8 more items were added in the last round of the Delphi study for a new evaluation. After the reevaluation, an acceptable Cronbach's alpha of 0.85 was obtained. The questionnaire showed three factors, the first being physical fatigue, then second with psychological fatigue and the third factor being emotional. Conclusion The developed questionnaire is short, simple and easy to apply; it is clear and concise to evaluate the perception of fatigue in women during labor, showing adequate content, internal consistency and face validity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract Background To define a core set of geriatric data to be methodically collected in clinical cancer trials of older adults, enabling comparison across trials. Patients and methods Following a consensus approach, a panel of 14 geriatricians from oncology clinics identified seven domains of importance in geriatric assessment. Based on the international recommendations, geriatricians selected the mostly commonly used tools/items for geriatric assessment by domain (January–October 2015). The Geriatric Core Dataset (G-CODE) was progressively developed according to RAND appropriateness ratings and feedback during three successive Delphi rounds (July–September 2016). The face validity of the G-CODE was assessed with two large panels of health professionals (55 national and 42 international experts) involved both in clinical practice and cancer trials (March–September 2017). Results and discussion After the last Delphi round, the tools/items proposed for the G-CODE were the following: (1) social assessment: living alone or support requested to stay at home; (2) functional autonomy: Activities of Daily Living (ADL) questionnaire and short instrumental ADL questionnaire; (3) mobility: Timed Up and Go test; (4) nutrition: weight loss during the past 6 months and body mass index; (5) cognition: Mini-Cog test; (6) mood: mini-Geriatric Depression Scale and (7) comorbidity: updated Charlson Comorbidity Index. More than 70% of national experts (42 from 20 cities) and international experts (31 from 13 countries) participated. National and international surveys showed good acceptability of the G-CODE. Specific points discussed included age-year cut-off, threshold of each tool/item and information about social support, but no additional item was proposed. Conclusion We achieved formal consensus on a set of geriatric data to be collected in cancer trials of older patients. The dissemination and prospective use of the G-CODE is needed to assess its utility. Highlights • The Geriatric Core Dataset (G-CODE) is a minimum set of geriatric data to be collected in cancer trials. • The G-CODE was developed after a Delphi consensus method with international agreement. • The G-CODE has ten tools/items and a median completion time of 9 min. • The G-CODE allows for a minimal geriatric description of the older cancer population. • The G-CODE allows standardisation of geriatric data, enabling comparison across trials. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

While the malignant self-regard construct and a corresponding questionnaire, the Malignant Self-Regard Questionnaire (MSRQ; Huprich, 2011) have been empirically evaluated in several non-clinical samples, it has yet to be evaluated in a clinical population. In this study, 139 outpatients in the Departments of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences ( n  = 83) and Internal Medicine ( n  = 57) were administered the MSRQ and a number other measures to assess its construct and incremental validity. The MSRQ was internally consistent in both samples, and was positively correlated with four dimensions of levels of personality functioning, DSM-5 personality trait domains, overdependence, detachment, insecure attachment, and general perceptions of physical and mental well-being. Furthermore, the MSRQ incrementally predicated variance in levels of personality functioning, interpersonal dependency, and general perceptions of physical and mental well-being above and beyond DSM-5 traits and (where appropriate) levels of personality functioning. These findings converge with studies of the MSRQ in nonclinical samples and support the clinical utility and validity of the MSRQ for further use. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To replicate the original normative study of the SWYC's Milestones Questionnaires for children in Brazil. Our goals were to compare the performance of Brazilian and North American children using this screening tool and to verify the reliability and validity of the Brazilian version.Study Design and Setting: Cross-sectional study with children aged 1-65 months and their guardians, recruited in southern Brazil. Parents were interviewed using the Developmental Milestones questionnaire, which contains 10 questions about cognitive, motor, social, and language abilities. Item response theory was used to examine item validity.Results: We interviewed 415 parents. SWYC provided the most information on the children's development between 10 and 30 months. The performance of Brazilian and North American children was quite similar when children are younger than 36 months old. Above 36 months, North American children performed almost all items earlier than Brazilians. Convergent validity was 0.73 and internal consistency 0.97.Conclusion: The Brazilian version of the Developmental Milestones questionnaire presented acceptable measurement qualities that support the SWYĆs potential as a developmental screening tool. As we found important differences between North American and Brazilian children in achieving the milestones, especially among the oldest children, additional normative studies are needed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose The purpose of the study was to test the psychometrical properties of the Chinese version of the Pulmonary Embolism Quality of Life (PEmb-QoL) questionnaire. Methods We translated the English version of the PEmb-QoL into Chinese. Patients at various periods after pulmonary embolism diagnosed at Peking Union Medical College Hospital between May 2016 and Dec 2017 were invited to complete the questionnaire. Standard psychometrical tests and criteria were used to evaluate the acceptability, reliability and validity of the Chinese version of the PEmb-QoL. Results A total of 108 participants completed the questionnaire and were included for further analysis. The Chinese version of the PEmb-QoL showed good internal consistency (Crohnbach's alpha ranging from 0.643 to 0.930), inter-item correlations (0.369–0.599), and item-total correlations (0.341–0.893). Test-retest reliability was also good (0.759–0.896). Moderate correlations between PEmb-QoL and SF-36 dimensions, and low correlations between PEmb-QoL and clinical characteristics supported convergent and discriminant validity. Exploratory factor analysis suggested four underlying dimensions: work-related problems, daily activity limitations, emotional complaints and frequency and intensity of complaints. Conclusions The Chinese version of the PEmb-QoL questionnaire is both valid and reliable for measuring quality of life in patients at various periods after pulmonary embolism, proving the universality of this disease-specific questionnaire. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To analyse the factor structure and psychometric properties of the original and abbreviated versions of the Medical Outcomes Study-Social Support Survey (MOS-SSS) in recently-diagnosed cancer patients.Method: A sample of 128 newly-diagnosed cancer patients were assessed with the Spanish versions of the MOS-SSS and the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS). Confirmatory factor analyses were conducted to analyse six different factor structures. Internal consistency and convergent validity indexes were calculated. The models tested included all of the following: 1) the original five-factor model (comprised of the following dimensions: emotional, informational, and tangible support, positive social interaction, and affection); 2) a four-factor empirical solution; 3 & 4) two different three-factor structures obtained in studies conducted in cancer patients; and 5 & 6) a two-factor solution for the abbreviated 8-item form and a one-factor solution for the 6-item form.Results: The original five-factor structure showed a better fit index than the three and four factor models. Both the 6- and 8-item versions showed excellent goodness-of-fit, with adequate internal consistency and convergent validity indexes.Conclusion: The MOS-SSS is a powerful, highly flexible instrument to assess social support in cancer patients. The full 19-item scale allows for a comprehensive assessment of the essential dimensions of social support, while the abbreviated versions permit a quick assessment that minimizes the burden on patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Experiential avoidance (also referred to as acceptance or psychological flexibility) is a core construct of third-wave behavior therapies. It is the tendency to avoid uncomfortable thoughts or feelings, even when doing so has negative long-term consequences. In order for developments in experiential avoidance and third-wave behavior therapies to continue, it is imperative to examine the construct validity of the most widely used measures of this construct, the Acceptance and Action Questionnaire-II (AAQ-II) and the Multidimensional Experiential Avoidance Questionnaire (MEAQ). In Amazon's Mechanical Turk (N = 1,052) and college (N = 364) samples, we evaluated the construct validity of these measures. The AAQ-II demonstrated suboptimal patterns of convergent and discriminant validity with measures of neuroticism/negative affect (Big Five Inventory, Big Five Aspects Scale, Positive and Negative Affect Schedule), the MEAQ, and mindfulness (Five Factor Mindfulness Questionnaire). In contrast, the MEAQ demonstrated optimal convergent and discriminant validity. Factor analyses at the scale, subscale, and item levels demonstrated that the AAQ-II loads with indicators of neuroticism/negative affect and not with other constructs at the core of third-wave behavior therapies. In contrast, the MEAQ loads on factors with mindfulness or forms its own factors. These findings suggest the AAQ-II functions as a measure of neuroticism/negative affect, whereas the MEAQ functions as an indicator of experiential avoidance. These findings have substantial implications for research on experiential avoidance and third-wave behavior therapies. Therefore, in order to improve the theory, research, and practice of third-wave behavior therapies, we recommend using the MEAQ to assess experiential avoidance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: The aim of this review was to identify, appraise and synthesise the outcome measures used to assess self-management in patients with chronic pain.Methods: Medline, Embase, CINAHL, PsycINFO, the Cochrane Library and Google Scholar were searched to identify quantitative measures used within randomised or non-randomised clinical trials to assess self-management in adults (≥18 years) with chronic pain.Results: 25 RCTs published between 1998 and 2016 were included in this review. Studies included patients with chronic pain, hip/knee osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis, chronic low back pain, fibromyalgia and chronic fatigue syndrome. Included studies utilised 14 different measures assessing a variety of constructs including self-efficacy (n = 19), coping (n = 4), empowerment (n = 2), pain attitude and management (n = 3), self-care (n = 1), role behaviour (n = 1) and multiple constructs of self-management (n = 1). The Chronic Pain Coping Inventory (CPCI) and Health Education Impact Questionnaire (heiQ) cover different self-management related constructs across the physical, mental and social health domains.Conclusion: The review identified 14 measures used as proxy measure to assess self-management in patients with chronic pain. These measures have good content and construct validity, and internal consistency. However additional research is required to develop their reliability, responsiveness and interpretability.Practice Implications: Multi-constructs measures (CPCI, heiQ) are suitable for assessing self-management. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this study was to develop a screening questionnaire that could distinguish individuals at high risk of smartphone overuse from casual users. The reliability, validity, and diagnostic ability of the Smartphone Overuse Screening Questionnaire (SOS-Q) were evaluated. Preliminary items were assessed by 50 addiction experts on-line, and 28 questions were selected. A total of 158 subjects recruited from six community centers for internet addiction participated in this study. The SOS-Q, Young's internet addiction scale, Korean scale for internet addiction, and Smartphone Scale for Smartphone Addiction (S-Scale) were used to assess the concurrent validity. Construct validity was supported by a six-factor model using an exploratory factor analysis. The internal consistency and the item-total correlations were favorable (α = 0.95, r = 0.35–0.81). The test-retest reliability was moderate ( r = 0.70). The SOS-Q showed superior concurrent validity with the highest correlation between the S-Scale ( r = 0.76). Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis revealed an area under the curve of 0.877. A cut-off point of 49 effectively categorized addiction high-risk group with a sensitivity of 0.81 and specificity of 0.86. Overall, the current study supports the use of SOS-Q as both a primary and supplementary measurement tool in a variety of settings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Mental Well-being Adjusted Life Year (MWALY) is an alternative outcome measure to the quality-adjusted life year (QALY) in economic evaluations of interventions aimed at improving mental well-being. However, there is a lack of preference-based mental well-being instruments for capturing population mental well-being preferences. To derive a UK preference-based value set for the Short Warwick-Edinburgh Mental Well-being Scale (SWEMWBS). 225 participants that were interviewed between December 2020 and August 2021 completed 10 composite time trade-off (C-TTO) and 10 discrete choice experiment (DCE) interviewer-administered exercises. Heteroskedastic Tobit and conditional logit models were used to model C-TTO and DCE responses respectively. The DCE utility values were rescaled to a C-TTO comparable scale through anchoring and mapping. An inverse variance weighting hybrid model (IVWHM) was used to derive weighted-average coefficients from the modelled C-TTO and DCE coefficients. Model performance was assessed using statistical diagnostics. The valuation responses confirmed the feasibility and face validity of the C-TTO and DCE techniques. Apart from the main effects models, statistically significant associations were estimated between the predicted C-TTO value and participants' SWEMWBS scores, gender, ethnicities, education levels, and the interaction terms between age and useful feeling. The IVWHM was the most optimal model with the fewest logically inconsistent coefficients and the lowest pooled standard errors. The utility values generated by the rescaled DCE models and the IVWHM were generally higher than those of the C-TTO model. The predictive ability of the two DCE rescaling methods was similar according to the mean absolute deviation and root mean square deviation statistics. This study has produced the first preference-based value set for a measure of mental well-being. The IVWHM provided a desirable blend of both C-TTO and DCE models. The value set derived by this hybrid approach can be used for cost-utility analyses of mental well-being interventions. • This is the first attempt to derive a preference-based value set for a generic mental well-being instrument. • The valuation responses supported the face validity and feasibility for the valuation of the SWEMWBS. • The Inverse Variance Weighting hybrid model is firstly applied in preference elicitation research. • Units of QALY gain and MWALY gain have different implications for economic evaluations of mental well-being interventions. • This study tests the use of remote-control function in videoconferencing during the interview. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The Exercise Preference Questionnaire (EPQ(stroke)) captures exercise preferences and measures personal factors, that influence motivation and adherence to exercise in stroke subjects. Objectives: To perform the cross-cultural adaptation of the EPQ(stroke) into the Brazilian- Portuguese language and to evaluate its measurement properties. Methods: The EPQ(stroke) was cross-culturally adapted and primarily tested in 30 chronic stroke subjects. After the final version of the EPQ(stroke)-Brazil was created, its test--retest reliability was verified, using Kappa indices and intra-class correlation coefficients (ICCs) (n = 50), and internal consistency was verified using Cronbach's alpha coefficients (n = 101). Construct validity was assessed using exploratory factor analysis (n = 101), content validity using the content validity index (CVI) (n = 8), and face validity using the rate of agreement regarding the clarity, wording, ability to answer the questions, and lay-out and style of the questionnaire with two groups, including individuals with stroke (n = 81) and multidisciplinary health professionals (n = 32). Results: The pre-final version required revisions (items 9, 29, and 30) and, after another pretest, it was shown to be appropriate. The Kappa indices ranged from 0.58 to 0.95; the ICCs from 0.35 to 0.93, and the Cronbach's alpha coefficient was 0.82 (0.768-0.869 CI), showing adequate internal consistency. The exploratory factor analysis and CVI confirmed the validity of the EPQ(stroke)-Brazil. The rate of agreement was greater than 80% for both groups. Conclusion: The EPQ(stroke)-Brazil was found to be a valid and reliable measure for verifying exercise preferences of Brazilian individuals with stroke. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: Reliable and valid measures of waterpipe smoking are essential to study its health effects. The purpose of this study was to examine the reliability and validity of an Arabic translation of Maziak questionnaire that assesses various aspects of waterpipe smoking in epidemiological studies. Study design: A cross-sectional study. Methods: This questionnaire was translated, back translated, and culturally adapted to the local Arabic dialect. Construct and convergent validity were assessed in a sample of 119 daily waterpipe smokers (WPS) and 30 occasional WPS, defined as smoking at least one waterpipe per week but less than daily from Beirut and Doha (mean age = 52.4 years, males = 61.7%). Construct validity was assessed by comparing the smoking behavior of daily and occasional WPS. Convergent validity was assessed by correlating daily smoking intensity ('number of waterpipe smoked per day') with 'number of waterpipe smoked yesterday' and by correlating lifetime smoking exposure (waterpipe-year) calculated by multiplying number of waterpipe smoked per day × duration of waterpipe smoking with alternate measures obtained graphically (graphical waterpipe-year) or adjusted (adjusted waterpipe-year). Criterion validity was assessed by correlating daily smoking intensity and lifetime smoking exposure with serum cotinine level. Test-retest reliability was analyzed by re-administering the questionnaire to 30 daily and 30 occasional WPS after 2 weeks. Results: Smoking intensity, patterns of use, and willingness to quit differed significantly between daily and occasional WPS. Daily smoking intensity correlated strongly with the number of waterpipe smoked yesterday (rs = 0.68, P < 0.001), but not in the occasional WPS (rs = 0.13, P = 0.70). Waterpipe-year correlated very strongly with adjusted waterpipe-year and graphical waterpipe-year (rs = 0.98, P < 0.001 and rs = 0.92, P < 0.001, respectively). Waterpipe-year, daily smoking intensity, and number of waterpipe smoked yesterday, correlated weakly but significantly with serum cotinine levels (rs = 0.243, P = 0.01; rs = 0.359, P < 0.01 and rs = 0.387, P < 0.01, respectively). The type and pattern of waterpipe use items showed high test-retest reliability with near perfect agreement (k > 0.9), the sharing and intention to quit waterpipe items had substantial agreement (k > 0.6), and the intent to quit item showed moderate agreement (k > 0.4). Conclusion: The questionnaire showed strong reliability, face validity, construct and convergent validity, and a weak but statistically significant criterion validity. Maziak questionnaire is valid and reliable for assessing waterpipe smoking patterns, intensity, and willingness to quit. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Patients with persistent somatic symptoms (PSS) experience stigmatising attitudes and behaviours by healthcare professionals. While previous research has focussed on individual manifestations of PSS related stigma, less is known about sound ways to measure stigmatisation by healthcare professionals towards patients with PSS. This review aims to assess the quality of questionnaire measurement instruments and make recommendations about their use. A systematic review using six databases (PubMed, Embase, CINAHL, PsycINFO, Open Grey and EThOS). The search strategy combined three search strings related to healthcare professionals, PSS and stigma. Additional publications were identified by searching bibliographies. Three authors independently extracted the data. Data analysis and synthesis followed COSMIN methodology for reviews of outcome measurement instruments. We identified 90 publications that met the inclusion criteria using 62 questionnaire measurement instruments. Stereotypes were explored in 92% of instruments, prejudices in 52% of instruments, and discrimination in 19% of instruments. The development process of the instruments was not rated higher than doubtful. Construct validity, structural validity, internal consistency and reliability were the most commonly investigated measurement properties. Evidence around content validity was inconsistent or indeterminate. No instrument provided acceptable evidence on all measurement properties. Many instruments were developed for use within a single publication, with little evidence of their development or establishment of content validity. This is problematic because stigma instruments should reflect the challenges that healthcare professionals face when working with patients with PSS. They should also reflect the experiences that patients with PSS have widely reported during clinical encounters. • Systematic review of PSS stigma questionnaires among healthcare professionals. • No single instrument provided acceptable evidence on all measurement properties. • Content validity was inconsistent or indeterminate across all instruments. • Involvement of professionals and patients is needed to establish content validity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To measure the self-perceived competence of Australian personal trainers in providing nutrition care. Study design: Cross-sectional online survey. Methods: A validated survey was used to measure confidence in the ability to provide nutrition care among a snowball sample of 142 Australian-based personal trainers. The survey used 5-point Likert scale statements across four nutrition related constructs: knowledge; skills; communication and counselling; and attitudes. Scores for each construct were averaged and summed to provide a self-reported nutrition competence score as a percentage. Pearson Chi-squared analyses were used to identify associations between demographic variables and competence scores, and associations between construct scores. Results: Personal trainers felt confident to provide nutrition care for all clients (mean score 76%; 'very confident'). Greater confidence in nutrition knowledge was seen in personal trainers with greater experience (χ² = 6.946, P = 0.008) and education higher than a certificate IV (χ² = 5.079, P = 0.024). Greater confidence in nutrition knowledge was also associated with greater confidence in nutrition skills (χ² = 49.67, P < 0.001) and more favourable attitudes towards providing nutrition care (χ² = 4.73, P = 0.03). Conclusions: Personal trainers feel confident in their ability and show favourable attitudes towards providing nutrition care to clients. This workforce has the potential to support lifestyle modification for chronic disease prevention. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]