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Abstract: Background: Platelet microparticles (PMPs) possess proatherogenic and procoagulant properties which may play a role in atherogenesis and subsequent thromboembolic complications. The present study was conducted to investigate the possible relationship between carotid atherosclerosis and plasma concentrations of PMPs, and elucidate if plasma levels of PMPs were affected by postprandial hypertriglyceridemia. Methods and results: Subjects with ultrasound-assessed carotid atherosclerotic plaques (echogenic; n=20 and echolucent; n=20), assessed by ultrasonography, and subjects without carotid plaques (n=20) were recruited from a population-based study and underwent a standard fat tolerance test. Subjects with carotid plaques had significantly higher levels of large PMPs than subjects without carotid atherosclerotic plaques (96.7±50.4 µg/l versus 56.1±34.9 µg/l), after adjustments for traditional cardiovascular risk factors and use cardiovascular drugs (p=0.021). Plasma PMPs were not associated with plaque echogenicity. Postprandial hypertriglyceridemia induced a similar increase in plasma PMPs within all groups. Significant correlations were found between an increase in plasma triglycerides and percent elevation in total PMPs (r=0.29, p<0.05) and large PMPs (r=0.34, p<0.01) in the postprandial phase. Conclusions: Individuals with echogenic and echolucent carotid atherosclerotic plaques have statistically significant elevation of large plasma PMPs compared to age/sex-matched normal controls. Postprandial hypertriglyceridemia induces a significant, similar increase in plasma PMPs in individuals with and without carotid atherosclerotic plaques which could be of pathophysiological importance in atherogenesis. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]