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Thousands of public hydrogen fueling stations are needed to support the early Fuel Cell Electric Vehicle (FCEV) market in the U.S.; as of July 2014 there were 12. Government agencies are the largest investors in the U.S. hydrogen fueling infrastructure and are developing stations that cost anywhere from $1.8–$5.9 million each. To attract private investors and decrease dependence on government funding, a low-cost, mobile hydrogen dispensing system must be developed. This paper describes a transportable 700 bar hydrogen fueling station that has been designed with an off-the-shelf component cost of $423,000; less than 23% of the capital cost of current stations. The design utilizes liquid hydrogen storage and a novel cryogenic compression system which can be factory built for high volume, rapid production. These stations are contained in a standard 40 foot ISO shipping container to adapt to varying locational demand. The demand adjusted cost to sell hydrogen is estimated to be $9.62/kg. This paper presents the mechanical design and operation of the fueling station. This design won the grand prize for the 2014 Hydrogen Student Design competition and a complete report including an economic analysis and safety features is available elsewhere. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Transportation accounts for about 30% of the total greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions in the United States. To reduce GHG emissions, significant changes in the transportation fleet have been considered, with electric vehicles as one of the alternatives that could potentially reduce GHG emissions. This paper presents a comprehensive lifecycle emission and cost comparison among electric vehicles. Hybrid electric vehicles (HEV), plug in hybrid electric vehicles (PHEV), full battery electric vehicles (EVs), hydrogen fuel cell electric vehicles (FCEVs) are compared with gasoline vehicle as the base case. Since the selection among these electric vehicles depends on several factors, external costs of emission, fuel, time loss, charging time loss and maintenance cost are considered. The results show that the most environmentally benign vehicles in terms of GHG emission are FCEV and full EVs, which is approximately half of the emission by Internal combustion Engine (ICE) vehicles. The results also show that both FCVs and EVs have better air quality related emission reduction compared to ICE vehicle which results in approximately accounts for 84% reduction. The lifecycle cost results show that HEVs have the lowest lifecycle cost among all the selected vehicles, with the cost of $0.38 per mile. In addition, the effect of Carbon damage cost on total lifecycle cost is investigated. The results show that an increase in Carbon damage cost results in the penetration of HEVs and EVs to the market share. Image 1 • To calculate the lifecycle emission and lifecycle cost of EVs. • To conduct a sensitivity analysis with several important parameters such as annual travel mile and carbon damage cost. • To determine the state based optimal selection of electric vehicles and their comparisons. • Consideration of two scenarios for optimal selection of EVs in the US (i.e., one for current condition and 2030 projection). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper provides an overview of Advanced Vehicle Simulator (ADVISOR)—the US Department of Energy’s (DOE’s) ADVISOR written in the MATLAB/Simulink environment and developed by the National Renewable Energy Laboratory. ADVISOR provides the vehicle engineering community with an easy-to-use, flexible, yet robust and supported analysis package for advanced vehicle modeling. It is primarily used to quantify the fuel economy, the performance, and the emissions of vehicles that use alternative technologies including fuel cells, batteries, electric motors, and internal combustion engines in hybrid (i.e. multiple power sources) configurations. It excels at quantifying the relative change that can be expected due to the implementation of technology compared to a baseline scenario. ADVISOR’s capabilities and limitations are presented and the power source models that are included in ADVISOR are discussed. Finally, several applications of the tool are presented to highlight ADVISOR’s functionality. The content of this paper is based on a presentation made at the ‘Development of Advanced Battery Engineering Models’ workshop held in Crystal City, Virginia in August 2001. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: Fuel cell vehicles (FCVs) are expected to be commercially available on the world market in 2015, therefore, introducing hydrogen-refueling stations is an urgent issue to be addressed. This paper proposes deployment plan of hydrogen infrastructure for the success of their market penetration in the Northeastern United States. The plan consists of three-timeline stages from 2013 to 2025 and divides the designated region into urban area, suburban area and area adjacent to expressway, so that easy to access to hydrogen stations can be realized. Station is chosen from four types of stations: off-site station, urban-type on-site station, suburban-type on-site station and portable station, associated with growing demand. In addition, on-site station is used as hydrogen production factory for off-site station to save total investment. This deployment plan shows that 83% of urban residents can reach station within 10 min in 2025, and that more than 90% people especially in four major cities: Boston, New York City, Philadelphia, and Washington, D.C. can get to station within 10 min by Geographic Information System (GIS) calculation. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: In order to consider the effect of battery temperature on the total fuel consumption when a Pontryagin's Minimum Principle (PMP)-based power management strategy is applied to a fuel cell hybrid vehicle (FCHV), this paper designates the battery temperature as a second-state variable other than the battery state of charge (SOC) and defines a new costate for the battery temperature in the control problem. The PMP-based power management strategy is implemented in a computer simulation and the relationship among the final values of the two state variables and the total fuel consumption is illustrated based on the simulation results. This relationship is defined as an optimal surface in this research. Using the optimal surface, it can be concluded that considering the battery temperature effect in the PMP-based power management strategy improves the fuel economy of the FCHV. Potential fuel economy gains attributed to consideration of the battery temperature effect are also determined based on the optimal surfaces. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: This paper investigates the new 2011 automobile fleet to quantify the variation in models’ efficiency and underlying technology attributes. This involves analysis of test data to quantify the aerodynamic, rolling resistance, and powertrain efficiency characteristics of each model, as well as analysis to understand relationships between these and vehicle fuel consumption. The findings indicate that while vehicles are about 14% efficient on average, there is wide variation and direct evidence of dramatically improved powertrain efficiency within existing models. Existing gasoline and diesel models demonstrate improved powertrain efficiency by over 25%, hybrid gasoline-electric powertrains by over 50%, fuel cells by a factor of three, and all-electric by a factor of four as compared to the average 2011 vehicle. Advanced aerodynamic and tire rolling resistance technologies are also in evidence. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: In this paper the experiences and lessons learned from an International Summer Engineering Program (ISEP 2009) Centred around a fuel cell course are presented. ISEP was run at Middle East Technical University (METU) in Turkey with participation from The University of Texas-Austin (Texas) and The Pennsylvania State University (Penn State). The program contained 21 METU, 7 Texas and 2 Penn State students from a range of engineering majors. The fuel cell class was designed to strengthen fuel cell, core engineering, and global competency skills through a series of increasingly complex computer projects and global competency assignments. Results from an extensive evaluation completed by the students at the end of the summer are presented. Relative to most other international engineering programs or a typical engineering class, the biggest value-added educational component of the program is seen as the intensive formal and informal interaction achieved between the METU and US students. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: The commercialization of fuel cells is dependent on the development of performance based standard methods to evaluate safe performance and provide a basis for comparing similar products. Standards utilize the knowledge gained during research and development to provide criteria to evaluate products to a minimum level of safety. Aligning national standards with international requirements facilitates international trade, and provides the basis for international-to-regional harmonization of standards. Coordination of standards development activities on all levels is necessary to prevent duplication of effort and development of conflicting requirements. CSA America, Inc., (CSAA) a nationally recognized and accredited United States Standards Development Organization (SDO), is one of many SDOs leading the effort to facilitate United States interests toward national and international development of standards for fuel cell and hydrogen technologies. This paper will provide an overview of the United States standards activities and issues as they relate to the development of standards activities. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

The US Army RDECOM initiated a Foreign Comparative Test (FCT) Program to acquire lightweight, high-energy dense fuel cell systems from across the globe for evaluation as portable power sources in military applications. Five foreign companies, including NovArs, Smart Fuel Cell, Intelligent Energy, Ballard Power Systems, and Hydrogenics, Inc., were awarded competitive contracts under the RDECOM effort. This paper will report on the status of the program as well as the experimental results obtained from one of the units.The US Army has interests in evaluating and deploying a variety of fuel cell systems, where these systems show added value when compared to current power sources in use. For low-power applications, fuel cells utilizing high-energy dense fuels offer significant weight savings over current battery technologies. This helps reduce the load a solider must carry for longer missions. For high-power applications, the low operating signatures (acoustic and thermal) of fuel cell systems make them ideal power generators in stealth operations.Recent testing has been completed on the Smart Fuel Cell A25 system that was procured through the FCT program. The “A-25” is a direct methanol fuel cell hybrid and was evaluated as a potential candidate for soldier and sensor power applications. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]