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• Emissions of pollutants (not including CO 2) are monetized in terms of the pollutant discharge fee. • A considerable risk of emission spillovers between CO 2 and other pollutants now exists in China. • More perfect option for future emissions reduction must be implemented without delay. Environmental quality is strongly coupling with the result of emissions reduction in most countries, while emissions reduction is influenced by the diversity of control policies, engineering facilities and development patterns. Further, local in which technical or policy that concern the control of target emissions will impact other pollutants emission. In China, the emissions of both CO 2 and other pollutants increased substantially during the past decades. With the development of emissions reduction, it promoted a considerable risk of emissions spillovers caused by the present mechanism. In this study, we assessed the contributions of emissions spillovers to emission reductions by applying a more comprehensive indicator of pollutants, pollutant discharge fee (PDF), at the national, regional and provincial levels. The results shown positive and significant mutual effect between the PDF and CO 2 emissions. That is, CO 2 emission is significantly related with the process of other pollutants emissions reduction. Additionally, the positive correlation indicated further increases with the Five-Year Plan (FYP) cycle. Emissions spillovers have become an urgent risk for China. With the performance change, emissions reduction and environmental governance should heighten integration. Regional-level and provincial authorities must reconsider the matched emissions sustainability responsibilities and policies to avoid emissions spillovers and achieve meaningful emission controls. The study therefore suggested that a hierarchy of emission reductions, in the hope to promote emission reductions, improve environmental quality and contribute greenhouse gas reductions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Assessed emissions reduction during the past years. • Significant performance changes in China's emissions reduction. • Four major recommendations are raised. With the rapid development of industrialization and urbanization, emissions reduction is becoming an urgent mission for China. This work aims to review and analysis the effectiveness of emissions reduction in China based on the pollution discharge fee (PDF) and Five-year plan (FYP). The results show that, the emissions performance appeared significantly temporal performance changes under the current framework. Due to FYP and environment tax (ET) in parallel is an inevitable choice for environment and emission management, the connection and match among the existing emissions reduction policies are suggested to be enhanced. Four significant recommendations are raised: establishing dynamic economic regulation on emissions feedbacks, improving synchronization matching on information and data, increasing the audit on the technical applications and integrating more supporting policy with ET. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]