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What is the proportion of infants born as a result of assisted reproductive technology ART across different types of neonatal critical congenital heart disease (CCHD) in a Japanese population? A retrospective analysis of 418 consecutive infants with CCHD that required catheter treatment or surgery within the first 28 days of life or ductal-dependent lesions, in two paediatric centres in Japan, between January 2014 and December 2019. The proportion of ART in infants with each type of CCHD was evaluated. The proportion of ART in infants with univentricular heart defect (UVH) compared with those with biventricular heart defect (BVH) was evaluated. The study group included 229 boys and 189 girls, with a gestational age of 38 ± 2 weeks. Overall, 61 infants (14.6%) were conceived by fertility treatment with 46 (11.0%) conceived by ART. Univentricular heart defect and BVH were identified in 111 infants (26.6%) and 307 infants (73.4%), respectively. The proportion of infants conceived by ART was significantly higher in UVH (16.2%) than in BVH (9.1%) (OR 2.28, 95% CI 1.11 to 4.68, P = 0.025), regardless of maternal age and maternal history of miscarriage. The proportion of ART in infants with CCHD, especially UVH, was high. These findings could form the basis of a rationale for carrying out fetal echocardiography in fetuses conceived by ART. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Controversy exists regarding an association between advanced maternal age and the occurrence of fetal congenital heart disease and whether advanced maternal age is an indication for fetal echocardiography. Our purpose was to undertake a retrospective, multi-year review of critical congenital heart disease in Nevada to investigate a possible association with advanced maternal age. We identified all those prenatally and postnatally diagnosed between September 2012 and August 2020. For each identified case, we tabulated each pregnant woman's age at the estimated date or actual date of delivery. Using Nevada population demographic data, we calculated the percentages of pregnant women ≥ 35 years old (defined as advanced maternal age) and of pregnant women < 35 years old. Subsequently, we calculated occurrence rates for critical congenital cardiac malformations in advanced and non-advanced maternal age populations. A chi-square risk ratio analysis, excluding aneuploidy cases, was used to determine statistical significance for each malformation. We identified 467 total cases. Of the 467, 39 (8.4%) had aneuploidy. Of the 467, 413 (88.4%) were live born, 32 (6.9%) had fetal demise, and 22 (4.7%) had elective termination. There were approximately 280,000 live births during the study period for a prevalence of 14.8 cases (inclusive of both those with and without aneuploidies) per 10,000 live births. From the 428 cases exclusive of aneuploidy, the following malformations were statistically significantly associated with advanced maternal age (risk ratios with 95% CI): 1) coarctation ± ventricular septal defect 1.75 (1.12, 2.73) p = 0.01, 2) D-transposition of the great arteries ± ventricular septal defect 2.13 (1.18, 2.83) p = 0.01, 3) double outlet right ventricle 2.10 (1.01, 4.35) p = 0.04, and 4) tetralogy of Fallot ± pulmonary atresia 2.40 (1.39, 4.31) p = 0.001. Excluding aneuploidy cases, advanced maternal age was statistically significantly associated with some critical congenital cardiac malformations and lacked association with others. • Advanced maternal age is associated with selected critical congenital cardiac malformations • Advanced maternal age as an indication for fetal echocardiography may improve the detection of critical heart diseases • Robust program database management may obviate a reliance on third-party registries [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]