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• Local authorities are key in coastal territories' adaptation to climate change. • Interviews cover 29 French Mediterranean municipalities. • Beaches and residential economy ground the social representation of the territory. • Coastal risks are given little consideration, except for beach erosion. • Territorial inertia, i.e. keeping the same territorial trajectory, impedes adaptation. Adaptation to climate change is a critical issue in coastal areas, at risk from sea-level rise, erosion, and sea flooding. In territories strongly urbanized and long oriented toward tourism and a residential economy, a change in coastal management and territorial development is hard to initiate. In Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur (France), a leading tourism region, this article explores how local authorities perceive climate change and talk about adaptation strategies. Interviews with municipal-level authorities, both elected officials and technical agents, reveal the influence of territorial inertia, with persistent statements promoting the beach- and residential-oriented economy and a wait-and-see attitude regarding climate change. Beach erosion is the only coastal risk interviewees really recognize, while sea-level rise and sea flooding are barely perceived. Yet evidence supporting the possibility of a future change in position is provided by the younger generation of interviewees, who are more aware of environmental challenges. Providing original data for a coastal region often considered as a model of development throughout the world, this article also proposes an original and transferable method combining geographical sampling of municipalities, text statistics and qualitative analysis of interviews, to apprehend the social representations of the coast, of climate change and coastal risks. Such a methodology is recommended prior to any quantitative assessment of climate action at local scale. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

During crises, adaptation or recovery measures or plans at local or national scales may not necessarily address longer-term or structural problems such as climate change mitigation. This article describes farmers and policymakers' responses to mitigate the adverse effects of Covid-19 on the agricultural sector. We then assess the responses' possible effects on greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. The study is based on surveys conducted with farmers, traders, and extension staff in Burkina Faso, Colombia, and France, and literature. We used the Cool Farm Tool calculator to assess GHG emissions associated with fertilizer production, crop production and produce transportation to international markets for the three main cash crops in the three countries. We identified contrasting responses by the agricultural sector mostly driven by changes in the consumption patterns at local or international levels. We also identified contrasting state responses to mitigate Covid-19. These responses at farm and policy scales led to similar trends in decreasing carbon dioxide (CO 2) emissions across the studied countries. However, none of the studied countries linked Covid-19 response measures to long-term climate change mitigation actions. Therefore, an opportunity to sustain Covid-19 induced short-term decreases in GHG emissions was overlooked. Analyzing the impacts that Covid-19 had on agricultural systems and the decision taken by policymakers to handle its direct and indirect effects can help society draw lessons on how to improve climate action. [Display omitted] • Context/background: Recovery measures to mitigate Covid-19 challenges present an opportunity to address longer-term climate change mitigation challenges, simultaneously. • Objective: We evaluate farmer and policy responses to the Covid-19 crisis and estimate resultant greenhouse gas emissions from three cash crop value chains. • Results: State and farmers responses to Covid-19 differed between countries and cash crop value chains but resulted in decreases of CO 2 emissions. • Conclusions: Lack of incentives for climate actions in Covid-19 responses suggests an opportunity to sustain the short-term CO 2 emissions decreases was overlooked. • Significance: The Covid-19 responses point to a need for better integration and leveraging of future pandemic actions to address other long-term challenges. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Peach (Prunus persica) phenology is a climate responsive annual cycle. • Mapping climate change impacts on peach cultivar thermal niche in france. • Winter endodormancy break will be delayed; blooming and ripening will occur earlier. • Peach cultivation suitable area will shift from south to northwest of france. • Adaptation and mitigation strategies to climate changes are urgently required. Climate influences plant phenological traits, thus playing a key role in defining the geographical range of crops. Foreseeing the impact of climate change on fruit trees is essential to inform policy decisions to guide the adaptation to new climatic conditions. To this end, we propose and use a phenological process-based model to assess the impacts of climate change upon the phenology, the suitability and the distribution of economically important cultivars of peach (Prunus persica), across the entire continental France. The model combines temperature dependent sub-models of dormancy, blooming, fruit survival and ripening, using chilling units, forcing units, frost occurrence and growing degree days, respectively. We find that climate change could have divergent impacts on peach production. On the one hand, blooming would occur earlier, warmer temperatures would decrease spring frost occurrence and fruit ripening would be easily achieved before the start of fall. On the other hand, milder winters would impede the plant buds from breaking endodormancy, with consequent abnormal patterns of fruit development or even blooming failure. This latter impact would dramatically shift the geographic range of sites where peach production will be profitable. This shift would mainly be from the south of France (Languedoc-Roussillon, Rhône-Alpes and Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur), to northwestern areas where the winter chilling requirement would still be fulfilled. Our study provides novel insights for understanding and forecasting climate change impacts on peach phenology and it is the first framework that maps the ecological thermal niche of peach at a national level. Image, graphical abstract [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]