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Establishing the embryonic body plan of multicellular organisms relies on precisely orchestrated cell divisions coupled with pattern formation, which, in animals, are regulated by Polycomb group (PcG) proteins. The conserved Polycomb Repressive Complex 2 (PRC2) mediates H3K27 trimethylation and comes in different flavors in Arabidopsis. The PRC2 catalytic subunit MEDEA is required for seed development; however, a role for PRC2 in embryonic patterning has been dismissed. Here, we demonstrate that embryos derived from medea eggs abort because MEDEA is required for patterning and cell lineage determination in the early embryo. Similar to PcG proteins in mammals, MEDEA regulates embryonic patterning and growth by controlling cell-cycle progression through repression of CYCD1;1, which encodes a core cell-cycle component. Thus, Arabidopsis embryogenesis is epigenetically regulated by PcG proteins, revealing that the PRC2-dependent modulation of cell-cycle progression was independently recruited to control embryonic cell proliferation and patterning in animals and plants. [Display omitted] • MEDEA , a Polycomb Repressive Complex 2 (PRC2) subunit, is required in embryo and endosperm • MEDEA links cell proliferation and differentiation during embryonic pattern formation • The PRC2 protein MEDEA directly regulates core cell-cycle components, i.e., cyclin CYCD1;1 • Body plan and cell proliferation are epigenetically regulated in both animals and plants In animals, Polycomb group (PcG) proteins are essential for embryogenesis. Simonini et al. show that growth and patterning of plant embryos are also epigenetically regulated by PcG proteins, with the PRC2 histone methyltransferase MEDEA directly repressing the core cell-cycle component CYCD1;1 in the Arabidopsis embryo. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]