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Background: Flexibility in the recommended dosing time for a statin may improve patient compliance. Objective: This study was designed to compare the efficacy and tolerability of morning and evening doses of controlled-release simvastatin in Korean adults with dyslipidemia. It was carried out as a requirement to obtain authorization from the Korean regulatory agency to market the product. Methods: In this prospective, randomized, double- blind, multicenter, placebo-controlled Phase III study, we randomly assigned 132 patients with hypercholes-terolemia to a morning-dose group or an evening-dose group. Patients in the morning-dose group received 20 mg controlled-release simvastatin in the morning and a placebo in the evening, and those in the evening-dose group received a placebo in the morning and 20 mg controlled-release simvastatin in the evening. Results: After 8 weeks of the treatment, the differ-ence in the mean change of LDL-C between the morning-dose and evening-dose groups was --2.78% (95% confidence interval, --7.65 to 2.10). The changes in total cholesterol, triglycerides, HDL-C, apolipoprotein A1, apolipoprotein B, and lipoprotein (a) after treatment did not differ between groups Also, the achievement rates of the target LDL-C goal suggested by the dyslipidemia treatment guideline of the Korean Society of Lipidology and Atherosclerosis were not different. No serious adverse event was observed in either group. Mild and moderate adverse events were observed similarly in both groups. Conclusions: Although controlled-release simvasta-tin significantly reduces LDL-C levels with good tolerability in Korean adults with dyslipidemia, the time of administration does not affect its efficacy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]