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Highlights: [•] This study was designed to assess in vitro and in vivo antioxidant effect of APS. [•] APS exhibited antioxidant effect activities in AAPH-induced cell and zebrafish model. [•] APS has a protective effect against AAPH-induced oxidative stress in cell and zebrafish model. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Highlights: [•] The polysaccharide extraction from Hawk mature leaf tea (HMP) was optimized by BBD. [•] Two fractions, HMP-1 and HMP-2, were purified from crude HMP. [•] Two fractions were mainly composed of arabinose, galactose, glucose and mannose. [•] HMP-1 exhibited a good antioxidant activity in vitro. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: A water-soluble polysaccharide (FUP-1) was obtained from Fritillaria ussuriensis Maxim through warm water extraction, ethanol precipitation, anion-exchange and gel-permeation chromatography. Structural analysis of this compound revealed that the average molecular weight of FUP-1 was 4.1×104 Da, and the major monosaccharide component was xylose, followed by glucose and galactose, at low levels. In vitro antioxidant assays showed that FUP-1 exhibited strong hydroxyl, superoxide anion and 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical-scavenging activities. During in vivo antioxidant testing, the administration of FUP-1 could largely attenuate the increase in d-gal-induced malondialdehyde (MDA) and renew the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD) in serums as well as glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) and the total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC) in the livers of d-gal-treated mice. Overall, the results of the present study indicate that FUP-1 exerts antioxidant activity not only through its own radical-scavenging activity but also by boosting the enzymatic and nonenzymatic antioxidant defense system of the host. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: A water-soluble polysaccharide obtained from Acanthopanax senticosus leaves (ASL), was fractionated by DEAE–Sepharose fast-flow column chromatography, and purified by Sephadex G-75 gel-permeation column chromatography. The characteristics of ASP-2-1 were determined by chemical analysis, high-performance capillary electrophoresis (HPCE), high-performance gel-permeation chromatography (HPGPC). The results show that ASP-2-1 contained 89.47% carbohydrate, 7.45% uronic acid, 2.16% protein and seven kinds of monosaccharides including rhamnose, xylose, glucose, mannose, arabinose, galactose and glucuronic acid in a molar ratio of 7.45:18.63:25.15:0.93:8.35:2.79:5.69, with an average molecular weight of about 14,573Da. Furthermore, the immunobiological and antioxidant activities, in vitro, of ASP-2-1 were evaluated by MTT (3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide) assay and ferric-reducing antioxidant power assay (FRAP), 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH ), superoxide radical and hydroxyl radical ( OH) free radical-scavenging assay, respectively. The results showed that ASP-2-1 exhibited significantly higher immunomodulatory activities against the lymphocyte proliferation in vitro, pronounced reductive power (FRAP value: 785.1μM at 0.2mg/ml), strong hydroxyl radical (89.56% at 1mg/ml) scavenging activity, moderate superoxide radicals (65.32% at 1mg/ml) and DPPH radicals (68.9% at 1mg/ml) scavenging activities. ASP-2-1 should be explored as a novel and potential natural antioxidant and immunostimulating agent for use in functional foods or medicine. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: Four water-soluble polysaccharides fractions (ZSP1b, ZSP2, ZSP3c and ZSP4b) were isolated and purified from the fruiting bodies of Zizyphus Jujuba cv. Jinsixiaozao by DEAE-SepharoseCL-6B and SepharoseCL-6B column chromatography. Their chemical and physical characteristics were determined by chemical methods, gas chromatography (GC) and high-performance size-exclusion chromatography (HPSEC). Antioxidant activities of crude polysaccharide from the fruiting bodies of Zizyphus Jujuba cv. Jinsixiaozao (CZSP) and its purified fractions were investigated including superoxide anion, 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), hydroxyl radical-scavenging activity and reducing power. Antioxidant results showed that ZSP3c and ZSP4b containing more uronic acid had the stronger free radical scavenging activities than ZSP1b containing no uronic acid. Available data obtained with in vitro models suggested that uronic acid was an effective indicator of antioxidant activity of the samples. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: Three polysaccharide fractions (DDP1-1, DDP2-1 and DDP3-1) were successfully purified from the crude polysaccharide of Dendrobium denneanum by DEAE-Cellulose and Sephadex G-200 column chromatography. The average molecular weights (Mws) of these fractions were 51.5, 26.1 and 6.95kDa, respectively. Monosaccharide components analysis indicated that DDP1-1 and DDP2-1 were composed of arabinose, xylose, mannose, glucose and galactose in a molar ratio of 1.00:2.82:57.11:140.82:7.76 and 1.00:1.62:1.18:77.5:7.79. DDP3-1 was composed of arabinose, mannose, glucose and galactose in a molar ratio of 1.00:1.03:8.84:2.00. On the basis of antioxidant test in vitro, DDP2-1 exhibited the highest antioxidant ability among these samples. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

The water-soluble crude polysaccharide GM, obtained from the Gynostemma pentaphyllum Makino by boiling-water extraction and ethanol precipitation, was fractionated by DEAE–Sepharose CL-6B column chromatography, and purified by Sephadex G-100 column chromatography, giving three polysaccharide fractions termed GMA, GMB and GMC. The monosaccharide components of them were studied by PC and GC. On the basis of superoxide radical assay, hydroxyl radical assay and self-oxidation of 1,2,3-phentriol assay, the antioxidant activities of GM, GMA, GMB and GMC were investigated. Among these contents, GMC had the higher scavenging effects on superoxide radicals and inhibitory effects on self-oxidation of 1,2,3-phentriol, and so should be explored as a novel potential antioxidant. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]