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After decades of refugee displacement, Somalis are at increased risk for poor mental health. However, uptake of treatment referrals in primary care is low among Somalis compared to other refugee groups. The objective of this analysis was to understand specific resistances to US mental health care contributing to this gap in coverage. One hundred and sixty-eight Somali men and women over the age of 14, participated in 28 focus group from October 2017 to November 2018 discussing wellbeing and healthcare in the US. Transcripts were analyzed based on critical discourse theory, informed by the theoretical work of Michel Foucault. This study identified two primary discourses, one biomedical and the other driven by Somali community mental health knowledge and social practice. Mental health as an object of Muslim faith, nosological fusion of psychiatric illness terms, and stigmatization and internal social control to limit disclosure were discussed. US mental health services were described as giving off a bad vibe, and represented external institutions of power, exacerbated by perceived discrimination. Somali youth occupied social bridging positions between cultural vs. US knowledge and practice. Three negotiating discourses emerged wherein participants created discursive solutions to these sites of resistance, including 1) how the social acceptability of seeking psychological care might be increased while maintaining Somali emotional resilience, 2) stressing the need to seek medical care as a practical supplement to spiritual care, and 3) highlighting the need for Somali youth to enter health fields. Findings suggest that intervention strategies not only ensure that services are culturally appropriate and sensitive to religion, but also consider that services are potentially seen as both an extension of US institutional power and an affront to Somali identity making. Overcoming these challenges may involve nurturing the negotiating discourses taken up by communities. • Biomedical mental health discourse is incongruent with Somali identity making. • Participants found their own discursive solutions to these incongruencies. • Cultural values of pragmatism and bravery may offset mental health stigma. • Somali youth hold vast social and societal potential to bridge this divide. • Successful interventions will nurture communities' existing discursive solutions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Rewilding is a controversial concept increasingly being offered discursively as a solution to many problems of the so-called Anthropocene. Traditionally, rewilding has been strongly associated with ecological restoration, species reintroductions, and limited human presence and intervention. However, when we examined understandings and practices of rewilding in Scotland, our semi-structured interviews and document analysis drew attention to recent changes in, and the dynamics of, rewilding discourse. These highlighted interactions between calls for 'repeopling', concerns over a 'new Clearances' and reintroduction conflicts, and drivers for community empowerment and rural economic regeneration, leading to an emerging discourse which emphasized the role of people within rewilding. We identified four important new storylines in Scotland: (i) people are an essential part of rewilding; (ii) rewilding and repeopling are compatible; (iii) rewilding will transform local rural economies; and (iv) animal reintroductions are not essential for rewilding. The dynamics of the discourse were characterised by three features: (a) adaptive organisational positioning in relation to the term 'rewilding'; (b) floating signifiers and incoherence; and (c) reflexive control of the narrative. Some of the adaptive positioning appeared to be purely rhetorical. There was limited detail or practical evidence of the inclusive participation of people in rewilding decisions, or of a well-developed socio-economic rationale for rewilding. An important challenge for the development of rewilding in Scotland and elsewhere thus relates to how these human dimensions are articulated and realised without compromising the ecological potential of the concept. • Scottish rewilding discourse emphasizes the role and positioning of people. • Discursive reaction to socio-economic concerns shifts ecological focus of rewilding. • Storylines describe people enabling, benefiting and compatible with ecological aims. • Discourse demonstrates adaptive positioning, incoherence, and reflexivity. • Challenge to articulate human dimensions but not compromise ecological potential. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: In this paper we argue that a “hidden link” correlates discourse processing and spatial navigation. Specifically, we argue that two navigational systems (planning the route and landmark knowledge) can be profitably used to account for the analysis of the coherence of the flow of discourse. Consistent with this hypothesis, some brain regions activated by spatial navigation tasks are strikingly overlapping with the regions involved in discourse processing. Moreover, brain damaged people have severe deficits at the level of discourse processing that can be interpreted in terms of an impaired navigational capacity to orient themselves in the flow of discourse. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: Environmental assessment (EA) aims to enhance environmental awareness and to ensure that environmental values are fully considered in decision-making. In the EA arena, different discourses exist on what EA should aim for and how it functions. We hypothesise that these discourses influence its application in practice as well as its effectiveness in terms of achieving the above goals. For instance, actors who consider EA as a hindrance to fast implementation of their projects will probably apply it as a mandatory checklist, whereas actors who believe that EA can help to develop more environmentally sound decisions will use EIA as a tool to design their initiatives. In this paper we explore discourses on EA in The Netherlands and elaborate on their implications for EA effectiveness. Based on an innovative research design comprising an online survey with 443 respondents and 20 supplementary semi-structured interviews we conclude that the dominant discourse is that EA is mainly a legal requirement; EAs are conducted because they have to be conducted, not because actors choose to do so. EA effectiveness however seems reasonably high, as a majority of respondents perceive that it enhances environmental awareness and contributes to environmental protection. However, the ‘legal requirement’ discourse also results in decision-makers seldom going beyond what is prescribed by EA and environmental law. Despite its mandatory character, the predominant attitude towards EA is quite positive. For most respondents, EA is instrumental in providing transparency of decision-making and in minimising the legal risks of not complying with environmental laws. Differences in discourses seldom reflect extreme opposites. The ‘common ground’ regarding EA provides a good basis for working with EA in terms of meeting legal requirements but at the same time does not stimulate creativity in decision-making or optimisation of environmental values. In countries characterised by less consensual political cultures we may expect more extreme discourses on EA, the consequences of which are reflected upon in this paper. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: Additive particles are peculiar in that they are often obligatory, although they do not increase the information content of the sentence in context. Two strands of analyses have been proposed to capture this feature, one in terms of exhaustivity implicatures, and one in terms of Heim''s “Maximize Presupposition” principle (MP). The article reviews both kinds of approaches, and offers experimental evidence in favor of an MP-based analysis. What remains to be understood is the fact that these particles—unlike other MP-ruled expressions—can also be omitted in certain contexts. The last part of the paper proposes to view MP as a principle which forces the speaker to signal the level of reliability of information in the specific text. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: Corpus studies suggest that verb tense is a differentiating feature between, on the one hand, text pertaining to experimental results (involving methods and results) and on the other hand, text pertaining to more abstract concepts (i.e. regarding background knowledge in a field, hypotheses, problems or claims). In this paper, we describe a user experiment that investigates whether for biological readers, this tense correlation has a psychological correlate. To study this, we defined seven distinct discourse segments types and modified them either by changing the verb tense/mood (for all segment types), negation (for Problems), or presence of an epistemic matrix clause (‘These results suggest…’) for Implications. Regardless of the original segment type, we found that for Facts, Results and Hypothesis segments, present tense yielded more Fact classifications, past tense more Result interpretations, and modal auxiliaries more Hypothesis interpretations. Methods statements were less sensitive to verb form. Problem segments required negations to be recognized, while Implications required introductory matrix clauses. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: Background: With the aging of the population, increasing numbers of older people live in nursing homes. Discourse such as policies and standards highlight the need to optimize the mobility independence of residents. This is expected to occur in a way that is safe for residents and staff whilst meeting the residents’ needs. The influence of discourse on health care delivery can be poorly understood, being at times hidden or taken for granted. The aim of this study was to uncover discourse relevant to resident mobility optimization to enable the origins and reasoning behind existing and intersecting policy and practice to be critically appraised. Design: Narrative literature review and thematic analysis with a focus on discourse were employed for this study. Data sources: Databases (CINAHL and Ovid Medline) and websites of relevant professional and governmental bodies were accessed. Method: A literature search centered on retrieval of texts focused on discourses that influenced goals to optimize resident mobility. Database searches for texts covered the period from 1994 to 2011. Iterative thematic analysis focussed on the texts’ socio-cultural context and influence. Findings: Four discourses emerged that potentially influence goals to optimize resident mobility: safe manual handling; falls prevention; palliative care; and costs and funding constraints to individualized care. These discourses may influence mobility care in the direction of more routinized, passive and dependency support approaches. A common overarching theme was that of collaboration and communication. Conclusion: Discourses such as safe manual handling, falls prevention, palliative care and cost constraints to individualized care can negatively impact on the goal to optimize the mobility of residents in nursing homes. Inter-professional approaches where staff work collaboratively and communicate well may counter such influences and ensure individualized care that focuses more effectively on resident mobility. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: Geographic research in tourism recognizes destinations to be socio-spatial constructions shaped by historic, cultural, and political discourses. These discourses are reflected in and reproduced by tourism literature such as guidebooks. Guidebooks are a key resource for potential tourists to learn about a destination. These texts produced by international publishing companies draw upon existing discourses for a place that will allow external audiences to make sense of the contextual information provided for the destination. At the same time, they reify these discourses by presenting them to readers as objective facts. This paper uses discourse analysis to examine tourism guidebooks for the European destination region, the Eastern and/or Central European sub-region, and Slovenia. In particular, it examines the competing and conflicting discourses of Eastern and Central Europe in these externally authored and oriented texts to understand the socio-spatial construction of Slovenia as a European tourism destination. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: We investigated the role of discourse context in relative clause processing. We first replicated finding that pronominal object relative clauses are easier to process than analogous subject relative clauses (an effect which stands in contrast to previous research on pronominal relative clauses). We then analyzed corpus data to demonstrate that the embedded noun phrase in object relative clauses nearly always has a discourse-old referent, even if the noun phrase is not pronominal, while the referent of the embedded noun phrase in subject relative clauses is typically discourse-new. We then extended the work of , by demonstrating in region-by-region reading that full noun phrase object relative clauses are not more difficult to process than subject relatives when they are preceded by appropriate discourse contexts. Finally, we reanalyzed data from the Dundee Eye-tracking corpus to show that contra , naturally occurring object relatives are no harder to process than subject relatives. We conclude that the processing difficulties associated with object as compared to subject relative clauses arises because object relative clauses violate more discourse expectations in typical experimental contexts. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: The Basic Communicative Spaces Network (BCSN –) accounts for crucial semantic–pragmatic characteristics of causal relations expressed by frequently used Dutch causal connectives. BCSN integrates subjectivity theory, domain theory, and mental spaces theory to explain their linguistic categorization. Starting with the original three-way classification of content, epistemic, and speech act use, BCSN represents different uses in separate but connected and embedded mental spaces that are linked to the Subject of Consciousness (SoC), who is present as an actor or concluder in many causal relations. The analytic structure of BCSN explains the contrasts between the backward Dutch causal connectives WANT ‘because/for/since’, signaling speech act and epistemic relations in which the speaker is the implicit SoC, and OMDAT ‘because (of the fact that)’, typically expressing content relations with an explicit SoC. This division of labor corresponds to a cognitive categorization in terms of BCSN. On a more general level, BCSN offers a model for the recursive patterning that characterizes perspective alternation in natural discourse, since the BCSN represents both the author''s subjectivity and the subjectivity of other actors in the discourse (such as speakers and characters in a narration), as well as the blends between these perspectives. The analysis is illustrated with corpus examples. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: When non-native speakers are required to produce lengthy discourse in the form of a short monologue or extended turn, there is a greater burden on them to package the utterances into a ‘tighter’ more coherent discourse for the listener. Under these conditions, miscues in specificity and consistency at the semantic level, and relevance at the pragmatic level often accumulate and interact leading to a discourse which can be perceived by the listener as difficult to follow or lacking in coherence. This study analyzes non-native extended discourse produced under such conditions to investigate the nature of these miscues and how they interact with each other at the discourse level. A manipulation experiment was used to test for the psycholinguistic reality of the miscues; an important procedure in discourse analysis if we are to speak with confidence of the validity of the miscues identified on paper. The experiment used a novel technique which allowed for the modification and insertion of features into the spoken discourse as well as their removal. The manipulated discourse was then rated for improvements in coherence against the original sample by a panel of native listeners. Results suggest that these miscues do indeed significantly impair the coherence of the discourse. The patterns of impairment and interaction are discussed in detail. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: Recent debates about the care provided to looked-after children have been characterised by uncertainty about the differing roles and responsibilities of foster carers, birth parents, and social workers. To explore the assumptions underlying these uncertainties, we drew upon Foucauldian Discourse Analysis and compared the discourses used by professionals (social workers in a group discussion about foster placement breakdown) with those used by policy-makers (in the Governmental green paper ‘Care Matters’). In both cases, a discourse based upon Attachment Theory was used to explain why placements succeed and fail, and to predict the repercussions of failure. However, there was a key difference in the way that professionals and policy-makers constructed the roles of key players in foster placements. The social workers constructed the birth parents as the parental figures for children in care, constructing themselves in a non-parental role. ‘Care Matters’ largely ignores the role of birth parents, and instead constructs social workers as parental figures. Neither source viewed foster carers as parental and ‘Care Matters’ positions this group as strictly professional. We discuss the incongruence of foster placements being understood through Attachment Theory, while foster carers are understood as non-parental figures, and also the repercussions of labelling a social worker as a parent, and the professionalization of the role of the foster carer. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: This paper addresses the use of the so-called double form –essess in Korean, which refers to the doubling of the suffix –ess. In the absence of much research attention on the double form compared to that devoted to the single form, this paper explores how the double form is used by ordinary speakers in contemporary Korean discourse. Language data collected from authentic corpora are analyzed, the manner in which different modes of communication, namely writing and speaking, affect the use of the double form is investigated, and the possible causes for any differences are discussed. The study analysis reveals that the double form is deployed for a wider variety of functions than previous research has assumed, while supporting the discontinuity sense as the overarching meaning of the double form. On the other hand, the two types of discourse show a discrepancy in terms of the distribution of these functions. The most frequently occurring function in written discourse is the double past sense, compared to the discontinued simple past function in the spoken discourse. This discrepancy in the most frequent function in the two corpora is attributed to the different natures of the discourse. The discontinuity sense, which is the essential meaning of the double form, comes from the intensification of the pastness involved in the single form. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: In languages like English or German, definite and indefinite markers serve to distinguish given/old from new information in the discourse model. Japanese, in contrast, lacks definiteness markers, but has a topic marker. The present paper examines how the information status of a noun phrase (NP) in Japanese is represented and integrated into the discourse model. An ERP experiment investigated the processing of topic-marked and non-topic-marked NPs following three different context sentences (making available a given, inferred, or new reading). The results revealed an increase in the N400 as a function of contextual cueing, i.e. the less accessible a referential expression is in the discourse model (i.e. given, inferred, new referent), the more pronounced is the amplitude of the N400. In addition, a late positivity was observed for topic shift, i.e. when topic-marked NPs occurred after contexts in which they were not already the established topic. Crucially, topic shift was facilitated by a particular semantic relation. Since acceptability ratings cannot account for the observed pattern, the positivity is considered to reflect costs from the establishment of a new discourse topic. From a cross-linguistic perspective, the data reveal that contextual cues universally influence discourse integration (N400), while processes subserving the updating of discourse structure (e.g., topic shift) differ across languages (late positivity): Discourse updating is guided by the given-new distinction in German and by topicality in Japanese (at least in canonical word order). [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: This paper presents a qualitative corpus analysis of deverbal -ee and -er pairs with agentive, human reference (e.g. escaper-escapee; attender-attendee) as they occur in natural discourse. It is argued that pairs like these are not synonymous or idiosyncratic formations, but represent systematic instantiations of their respective systems of nominalization whose distinct meanings can be traced back to that of the overall system which they belong to: the -er nouns typically foreground the active, dynamic perspective of -er derivation, focusing on the agent''s ability, potential or intention to carry out an action, or on the regularity with which it is carried out; their counterparts in -ee, on the other hand, zoom in on the state that the agents find themselves in as a result of performing a certain process. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: We report on findings from an in-depth qualitative case study designed to closely examine the social practices of planning and implementing a four-part (six hour) classroom-based suicide prevention program within two classrooms in one secondary school in Vancouver, British Columbia. Representing a departure from traditional evaluation research studies in suicidology, we examine how school-based youth suicide prevention programs get brought into being in “real world” contexts. Using a discursive, critical constructionist methodology, we aim to illuminate the complexities of this work. Based on our analysis, we suggest that suicide (and its prevention), in all its complex and culturally situated forms, simply cannot be conceptualized through singular, stable or universalizing terms that transcend time and context. Implications for (re)- conceptualizing suicide prevention education are discussed. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: Gypsy Travellers have a long history of marginalisation in Scotland, but their mobility remains an issue of particular contention. Drawing upon a series of interviews with Gypsy Travellers in the North-East of Scotland, this paper uncovers how power and politics permeate discourses on movement to legitimise the spatial ordering of this traditionally nomadic group. The paper begins by exploring the more hidden and subtle aspects of mobility, such as the emotional and imaginative ties to travel. It then shifts to document how Gypsy Travellers’ geographies have been compromised by discriminatory policies and practices, which demonstrate a misunderstanding of the heterogeneity of their mobility. Consequently, increasingly punitive policies have pushed many Gypsy Travellers to abandon their travelling ways to move into “fixed” housing, while others have been forced into states of perpetual motion. The overall goal of the paper is to unravel the discursive constructions of movement in the context of institutionalised power and to document the spatial ordering of Gypsy Travellers’ lives, whose marginality has been legitimised by laws, ideologically sustained and reproduced in policy documents. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: Although much analyses have been performed on the collaborative nature of software development in papers () with some of them in the perspective of Vygotsky’s Activity theory, less focus has been given on the discursive evolution of software as different ‘Genres’. In this article we will investigate discursive formation of software and the programming languages in course of time driven by increased ‘Activities’, ‘Dialogue’ and ‘Power’ exercised by certain user groups and entities which will complement our efforts with Activity theory and Foucaultdian POWER-KNOWLEDGE. We will show that POWER relation is affecting user preferences, choices and activities, which are producing changes in the programming languages and creating new software genres. We have borrowed the term ‘Genre’ from the literary studies of Bakhtin and applying it for software. The way different coexisting social classes in a specific time in history leave their fingerprints in different speech and text-genres, we claim that similar mechanisms exist in the software world. We will show that a modern software system is developing improved ‘Dialogism’ or ‘Intertextuality’, ‘Chronotope’ ‘Heteroglossia’ and forming its own discourse. Our presentation is heavily dependent on Mikhail Bakhtin’s concept of literary genres and Foucaultdian concept of POWER-KNOWLEDGE. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: This article presents a case study of an unprecedented political event that occurred in Romania during the Communist dictatorship. In 1979, at the 12th Congress of the Romanian Communist Party, Constantin Pârvulescu, a high-ranking party official, took the floor unexpectedly and attacked the dictator Nicolae Ceauşescu. We examine the contrasting interaction patterns displayed during the open confrontation that occurred between Pârvulescu''s accusatory anti-Ceauşescu discourse and the subsequent anti-Pârvulescu discourses of three of Ceauşescu''s close political allies glorifying Ceauşescu and the Communist party. In order to enable a better understanding of the political and socio-cultural setting of the Communist party congress proceedings, as well as of the concrete implications of sequencing and simultaneity of speech, interpersonal behaviour and shifts in speech targeting, a multimodal approach has been integrated with a discourse-analytical approach. These two combined approaches were used to examine the videotaped event and to account for the overall picture of the interaction, which consists of verbal interaction, kinesic behaviour (such as gestures, facial expressions, body posture), as well as the use of space. The analytical focus has been on the challenging and aggressive uses of multiple audience-targeted illocutionary acts and perlocutionary effects, the strategic uses of personal pronouns and the manipulative uses of semiotic metaphors. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

This paper presents findings from a qualitative study on teachers' negotiation of professional identity through talk with colleagues at an urban, public, Midwestern school in the United States. The purpose of the research was to identify discourse strategies the teachers used to negotiate local significances for their professional identities. Analysis and findings demonstrate that the teachers made and recognised identity bids to accomplish the professional identity of teacher as learner, using a range of discourse strategies, including two genres of reflective talk. Implications for our understanding of teachers as knowledge-producers and how this can inform teacher education and education policy are considered. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: This paper is an application of Robert E. MacLaury’s Vantage Theory (VT) to the analysis of real life spoken discourse. It utilizes modification of MacLaury’s VT. It elucidates how cognitive processes of coordinate selection and combination contribute to the on-line construction of category membership in the abstract category of national identity. The analysis of data shows that in abstract categories coordinates can receive various strengths depending on the environmental pressures on the speaker. Also, unlike in the case of the physiologically-based category of colour, in the abstract category of identity the coordinates are hierarchically structured. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: This study explores occupational health nurses'' encounters with unemployed clients in Finland. It involved setting up and evaluating a new service, Career Health Care, that resembled occupational health care, except that clients were recruited from among job seekers who were participating in one of three active labour market policy measures: vocational training, subsidised employment in the public sector, or participatory training for entering the labour market. Our main interest focused on nurses'' perceptions of the unemployed and their professional practices in the context of Career Health Care. The analysis revealed four overlapping discourses with regard to clients: the client as a casualty of unemployment, the client as unemployed but active, the client as a deviant in the labour market, and the client as a skilled user of the system. Each discourse had implications for professional practice. The risk of negative stereotyping and consequent exclusion from services is discussed here. In conclusion, we stress the complexity of providing health services that can match the increasing diversity of contemporary labour market trajectories. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: This study explores the interactional achievement of expert–novice in NS–NNS interaction. The analysis identifies interactional processes that contribute to expert–novice differentiation during team meetings that take place as part of an electrical and computer engineering course. Through analysis of data from the team interaction, participant perspectives, and ethnographic context, it is demonstrated that the NS takes on an expert identity, while the NNS takes on a novice identity as the NS and NNS engage in face-to-face interaction with each other. This expert–novice differentiation specifically occurs through the process of ratification, failure to ratify, and rejection of contributions. The NS''s ability to gain expert status is linked to prior access to opportunities to participate in engineering teams and the forms of talk involved therein, which the NNS did not have access to. Conclusions indicate that this expert–novice relationship is not inherent to the NS–NNS relationship but that novice linguistically based identity has a bearing on the achievement of an expert non-linguistically based identity. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: Billig''s Rhetorical Psychology proposes that thought and discourse are dialogic, in that an argument for one position is also an argument against other (competing) positions. Here, we use Billig''s model of cognitive dissonance in order to understand a particular set of discursive strategies used in relation to a contentious political issue. We consider a discussion about police reform in Northern Ireland, where the participants are members of the nationalist/republican community (which has traditionally opposed the police). In this discussion, the participants use a variety of discursive, rhetorical moves to deny that change has, in fact, taken place. Following Billig''s model, we propose that the speakers are bolstering their community position against the rhetorical challenge of conflicting information, within a particular interactional context. In particular, it might be noted that the presence of the researcher introduces an ‘external’ perspective which assumes that significant changes have occurred, and that this provides a primary source of interactional dissonance for the speakers. Ultimately, however, the original community position is reinforced and maintained. We have identified three main strategies by which the speakers achieve this: (1) explicit denial that change has taken place; (2) discursive reworking of ostensible changes such that these are dismissed; (3) partial acknowledgement of change, followed immediately by minimisation/rejection. Because Billig''s model has seen little empirical operationalisation, our analysis also provides insights into the processes whereby dissonance is engendered and managed in real-life conversation. In particular, it highlights the social and culturally specific nature of dissonance and its management, as well as the ‘repressive’ function of language use. We conclude by discussing some of the theoretical and practical implications of our analysis. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: The paper presents some well-known ethical questions regarding priority setting of safety work. Some traffic examples are applied to illustrate the dilemmas. Basic ethical principles are considered, i.e. approaches based on utility, fairness and discourse. We also discuss the various “dimensions” of utility and risk that could be taken into account. Ethical challenges related to the use of “willingness to pay” are also considered. A small-scale survey has been carried out regarding people’s priority setting of traffic safety measures. The main results of this survey are summarized to provide a background for a discussion of the ethical dilemmas. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Across the globe, people are not equitably included or respected by health services. This results in some people being 'hardly reached' and having less access to safe and appropriate care. While some health services have adopted specific agendas to increase inclusion, these services can struggle to implement such strategies because the underlying reasons for exclusion have not been addressed. This calls for preparation prior to implementation of inclusion approaches that deconstructs discourses and practices of exclusion. This paper presents a pre-inclusion framework that seeks to deconstruct exclusion in health services. Authors developed this framework from action research in four 'mainstream' regional health services in southeast Australia over five years. Research identified dominant discourses of exclusion among staff in these services. The study also identified common experiences of residents hardly reached by these services. Following, a range of change activities were undertaken within these services to deconstruct exclusion. Researchers also kept journals, reflected on their impact, and identified lessons learned from trying to deconstruct exclusion. Triangulating these analyses, researchers developed an interdisciplinary framework that weaves together Foucauldian theory on power/discourse with continuous quality improvement processes to embed cultural humility and voices of the hardly reached in health care. The framework outlines five foundational concepts (power as productive, deconstruction, use of continuous quality improvement processes, cultural humility and voices of service users), followed by six principles (a journey, expect resistance, whole of service approach, make visible the reasons for change, we are all cultural beings and people centred care) and six actions undertaken within health services (commitment, assessment of exclusion, action plans, structural change, reflective discussions and engagement). Until such approaches to deconstruct exclusion are implemented, inclusive agendas are likely to be ineffective. • Before inclusion can be achieved, reasons for exclusion must be challenged. • Pre-inclusion readies a health service for engagement with those hardly reached. • This framework weaves Foucault, cultural humility, those hardly reached and CQI. • The framework aims to rupture power relations to privilege discourses of service users. • Health practitioners learn about their privilege and actions of exclusion. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article describes a discursive constructionist (DC) approach to narrative in second/foreign language teaching and learning research. We begin by sketching an historical and theoretical background of constructionism. Next, we describe how DC advances contemporary narrative research by prioritizing analysis of narrative construction , that is, the in situ mobilization of the constructed and constructive elements of discourse that story-tellers use to build narrative worlds. Drawing on an analysis of two narrative episodes from focus group research with ESL teachers, we examine the construction and versioning of narrative worlds, identities, and knowledge. We also consider an additional affordance that attends a DC approach to narrative research—methodography—which opens up for analysis the situated work of the researcher/data analyst. We conclude with suggestions for future applications of DC. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: Norbert Elias’s project in The process of civilization (1939) involved reconstructing invisible movement—both the slow tempoof long-term historical change and the modification of psychic structures and embodied dispositions. To do this, he resorted to uncommon devices: treating historical texts as constituting a series amenable to a rudimentary discourse analysis, he constructed an imagined ‘curve of civilization’ serving as an approximation of the hidden process of change. Elias’s curve was not supposed to represent single past states, but movement itself, its direction and pace. This novel concept of historical representation was related to the perception of cinema as a new medium making actual movement visible. But beyond making it possible to imagine how one could telescope long-term historical process, cinema also held the promise of serving as a microscope, making the minute movements of the human body, gestures and manners available for close inspection. While anthropologists were devising ways of using the new medium to document fleeting gestures and bodily postures, it was used by popular audiences as a source for remodelling behaviour and acquiring polite manners and body techniques, as noticed by such acute observers as Marcel Mauss and Joseph Roth. Hence, popular appropriation of the cinema gave rise to a heightened awareness of the historicity of gestures and the changing modalities of their transmission. Cinema was itself part of the accelerated motion of history, of a perceived change of pace in the process of civilization, which in its turn shed light on its historical antecedents and played an essential role in rethinking the notion of civilization and culture. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: My goal in this article is to compare the behavior of a variety of non-clause-bound types of indexical expression in English across three texts from different genres, spoken as well as written. A key distinction is the one claimed to exist between the dimensions of text and discourse, and the comparison of the indexical types demonstrates its relevance. In a given text, certain lexically specific types of indexical bearing an anaphoric interpretation may perform particular strategic, discourse unit-demarcating roles; while others realizing a deictic value may signal a shift in referential perspective, preparing the reader or addressee for a transition to a new discourse unit or subunit. Particularly highlighted are the deictic, anadeictic and anaphoric roles of the various indexicals as a function of text genre, utterer''s intention and the interlocutive relationships developed throughout the discourse. The article also assesses the neo-Gricean pragmatic account of (non-) coreference in discourse put forward in Levinson''s (2000) Presumptive Meanings. The theory of Generalized Conversational Implicature, MIT Press. It argues that, rather than their discourse value being necessarily determined by the possibility of a choice between an attenuated and a prolix indexical type, it is the textual, contextual as well as discourse factors isolated during the earlier comparison which are adequate to describe and account for this. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: In this paper we explore an alternative way of characterising the student learning experience, drawing on sociocultural perspectives on learning. Here, learning is not merely the application of an approach to a cognitive task, but a social process of identity formation. In particular, we draw on Gee''s concept of Discourse models to identify the implicit theories students use to make sense of their learning and assessment experiences. From interviews with third year engineering students, we identified what we termed the ‘no problem Discourse model’, in which students construct an upbeat portrayal of their experience of a course, despite experiencing crises induced by assessment events. Through a process of justification the seriousness of the crisis is denied. This Discourse model appears to have its roots in a popular Discourse of self-actualization. There was evidence of co-construction of this model during the student learning interviews. This suggests implications for the roles that teachers can play in either maintaining or challenging the Discourse models that are adopted by students. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: Since , the Present Perfect has been discussed in relation to the Simple Past. The Reichenbachian characterization E-R,S has led to the view that the English Present Perfect, with its restrictions on modification by time adverbials and its resistance to narrative structure is the prototypical perfect. If the Pluperfect is different, or if counterparts of the Present Perfect in other languages behave differently, that is because they are less prototypical perfects. In this paper, we argue that the most important cross-linguistic differences do not require a different sentential semantics, but should rather be explained in terms of different discourse level properties. We investigate Perfect constructions in four languages: English, French, Dutch and German. We argue that all four are Reichenbachian Perfects, and have very similar aspectual properties. Moreover, they introduce the same discourse configuration of Elaboration. However, they differ in the additional constraints imposed upon the possible relations between the event time E and other times or events in the sentence or the surrounding discourse. These differences imply that we can use a Present Perfect construction to tell a story in French and German, but not in English or Dutch. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

The article argues that there is no such thing as Critical Discourse Analysis (CDA) in the sense of a method of political or ideological critique based on the application of conventional linguistic constructs. All of us, as language users and makers, are continuously engaged in the critical examination of and response to communication in our everyday lives. The article argues that this constant critical engagement with communication cannot be captured or accounted for by conventional linguistic methods and concepts. Such critical engagements involve the interrogation and evaluation, in moral, political and practical terms, of novel communicative acts in their unique, contextualised links with other aspects and dimensions of conduct. The abstract entities of conventional linguistics and pragmatics allow no critical purchase on this integration of communicative behaviour into the fabric of our social lives. The article argues that the attempts by Critical Discourse Analysts to build a method of political and ideological critique out of such entities is misguided and inevitably leads to a distorted view of the role of communication in society and of the workings of social processes more generally. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: This paper presents the findings of discourse analysis of the transcripts of ten focus groups discussing bus and car travel. It finds that the modes are talked about in different ways: bus travel being referred to as a series of episodes mostly focussing on worst-case scenarios while car travel is represented as a more consistent commodity. Both modes exhibit different characteristics depending on whether the speaker is talking as a user or an observer. Buses are seen as benign from outside, beneficial to the area and potential congestion-busters but as vulnerable spaces for users. Nothing good was said about cars from outside, but they provided protective spaces supplying flexible travel and allowing social commitments to be met by users. This paper discusses how the insights gained could help improve the perception of bus travel and contribute to more sustainable travel choices. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: Mitigation plays an important role in various social activities. It involves emotional, strategic, and pragmatic processing. This paper presents an activity-based framework for empirical discourse analysis of mitigation in public environments such as Swedish and Bulgarian courtroom examinations. Mitigation is defined as a pragmatic, cognitive, and linguistic behavior whose main purpose is to reduce vulnerability. The suggested framework consists of defense processes, which involve mitigating argumentation lines, discourse moves, and communication acts. Mitigation functions are described in terms of the participants’ actions and goals separately from politeness strategies. The study finds recognizable repetitive mitigation patterns of moves and acts across languages and legal systems, which realize, e.g. admissions as prolepses, denials as corrective counter-attacks, volunteered utterances as indications of witness rehearsals, etc. The witnesses’ tendency to volunteer information even on behalf of their own credibility indicates that they favor pro-party testimonies. Despite the objective judicial role of the prosecutor or judge and/or despite the examiners accommodating style, the verbal behavior of the witnesses exhibits constant anticipation of danger. Thus, mitigation in court functions as a strategy for coping with disagreement and conflict by facing it, anticipating it, and/or accepting it. Mitigation modifies not only illocutionary force but also discourse plans, mental models, social contexts, and (in courts) even personal fates. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

The purpose of this study was to compare the discourse profiles of 30 nursing home residents with dementia and of 30 healthy older adults. A total of 60 transcripts of interview style conversations were analyzed using a discourse analysis schema. The results revealed a higher frequency of discourse building features, such as coherence and cohesion, for healthy adults compared to adults with dementia. Conversely, discourse-impairing features, such as disruptive topic shifts and empty phrases, were found more often in conversations of adults with dementia compared to healthy adults. Conversational partners deviated from their conversation protocol when talking to adults with dementia by including facilitative strategies in the conversation. Discourse features in interview style conversations in adults with dementia reflect declines in their memory. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

This study focuses upon the effect of social policy upon a particular area of service provision. It is influenced by the Foucauldian concept of governmentality and the proposition by Lewis et al. (2000) that social policy needs to be understood in local contexts. Only through understanding the partial and fragmented impact of policy can we gain a clear insight into the outcomes for users. The study is undertaken through an exploration of the micro politics of organisations providing health and welfare services for people with learning disabilities. It involves an approach to discourse analysis that focuses upon text developed from interviews with service providers, which is brought into contact with published literature in an iterative process. The interpretation of the text produces four themes: power, trust, citizenship and managerialism. The development of these themes and a further holistic interpretation of the text suggest an emerging organisational typology. A typology based upon different articulations of the themes noted that work to produce particular outcomes for service users. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

In this paper we concentrate on how students make sense of motion. To understand the challenges the students actually faced, we focus on how learners work with models, representations, and their personal experience. The student subjects are participants in the Kenilworth longitudinal study by the third author. They work on a task, based on a set of 24 time-lapse photographs, to determine how a cat was moving as it progressed from walking to running. We document how learners work with a wide range of graphic presentations, including inscriptions, calculator-generated plots, drawings, and photographs. Analysis centers on how students reason, based on these representations, to make sense of the cat’s motion. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

This paper investigates variation in knowledge construction in three disciplines—sociology, economics and physics—by drawing on Halliday''s notion of “metaphenomenon”. Specifically, the study analysed the frequency and type of agentive elements (participants and processes) in textbooks to find out the extent to which knowledge in these disciplines is attributed to individual scholars, schools of thought, conventional wisdoms and the like, as opposed to being realised in a non-attributed canonical form. The findings suggest that with respect to the feature of metaphenomenon, economics textbook discourse is arguably more akin to that of physics than its social science counterpart, sociology. The implications of the findings—both pedagogical and ideological—are discussed. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

We propose a new computational model for the resolution of metonymies, a particular type of figurative language. Typically, metonymies are considered as a violation of semantic constraints (e.g., those expressed by selectional restrictions) that require some repair mechanism (e.g., type coercion) for proper interpretation. We reject this view, arguing that it misses out on the interpretation of a considerable number of utterances. Instead, we treat literal and figurative language on a par, by computing both kinds of interpretation independently from each other as long as their semantic representation structures are consistent with the underlying knowledge representation structures of the domain of discourse. The following general heuristic principles apply for making reasonable selections from the emerging readings. We argue that the embedding of utterances in a coherent discourse context is as important for recognizing and interpreting metonymic utterances as intrasentential semantic constraints. Therefore, in our approach, (metonymic or literal) interpretations that establish referential cohesion are preferred over ones that do not. In addition, metonymic interpretations that conform to a metonymy schema are preferred over metonymic ones that do not, and metonymic interpretations that are in conformance with knowledge-based aptness conditions are preferred over metonymic ones that are not. We lend further credit to our model by discussing empirical data from an evaluation study which highlights the importance of the discourse embedding of metonymy interpretation for both anaphora and metonymy resolution. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

• Effective advocacy efforts incorporated most of the components of relational trust. • When most of the components of relational trust were present, teaching candidates utilized inclusive pronouns and future-oriented verb tenses. • Teaching candidate that focused on the relational trust category of competence utilized second person pronouns and the imperative tense. • ESL advocacy requires 1) interpersonal skills that help an ESL teacher know how to advocate, and 2) the content knowledge that allows them to know what to advocate for. Research supports the notion that ESL teachers should not only be language teachers but also English Learner (EL) advocates. Despite evidence that suggests these skills are honed over time in the field, ESL teachers are often asked to exercise these skills immediately in their first year teaching. Thus, preparing individuals for EL advocacy before they become ESL teachers is a necessary component of ESL teacher education. In this paper, we examine a technology-driven simulation experience for ESL teaching candidates (TCs) as part of an online ESL teaching-methods course. We analyze the language of three TCs as they attempt to (re)establish social trust between themselves and the simulated colleague. We found TCs utilized linguistic indexicals to frame the context of the dialogue, and they used components of relational trust to advocate for an EL. We discuss the role of interpersonal skills, content knowledge, and relational trust in advocacy efforts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Nurses have been labelled "heroes" by politicians, the mass media, and the general public to describe their commitment to providing front-line care to people with COVID-19, despite the risks of exposure and lack of clinical resources. Few studies have examined the implications of the hero discourse to nurses' professional, social, and political identities. To critically examine the effects of the hero discourse on nurses who are contending with the ongoing COVID-19 crisis and to consider the political, social, cultural, and professional impact of this discourse on nursing work. A poststructural discourse analysis, employing the theoretical ideas of truth, power, knowledge, subjectivity, and normalization, was conducted to explore the mass media's constructions of nurse as hero in the contexts of COVID-19. Media electronic databases were searched between March 1, 2020 to August 1, 2020 to locate newspaper and magazine articles, corporate advertisements, videos, social media postings, and institutional/corporate websites. Data sources included English language media accounts that originated from Canada, the USA, and the UK. Three main elements of the hero discourse include: 1. Nurses as a "necessary sacrifice" - portraying nurses as selfless, sacrificing, and outstanding moral subjects for practicing on the front-line without adequate protective gear and other clinical resources; 2. Nurses as "model citizens" - positioning nurses as compliant, hardworking, and obedient subjects in contrast to harmful individuals and groups that ignore or resist COVID-19 public health measures. 3. Heroism itself as the reward for nurses - characterizing hero worship as a fitting reward for nurses who were unappreciated pre-pandemic, as opposed to supporting long-term policy change, and highlighting how heroism reconfigures nursing work from the mundane and ordinary to the exciting and impactful. The hero discourse is not a neutral expression of appreciation and sentimentality, but rather a tool employed to accomplish multiple aims such as the normalization of nurses' exposure to risk, the enforcement of model citizenship, and the preservation of existing power relationships that limit the ability of front-line nurses to determine the conditions of their work. Our study has implications for approaching the collective political response of nursing in the ongoing COVID-19 crisis and formalizing the ongoing emotional, psychological, ethical, and practice supports of nurses as the pandemic continues. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Natural disasters, such as what are known in English as 'floods' and 'wildfires', are increasingly a topic of concern due to the climate emergency, and their vocabulary and public discourses hold much to be explored through linguistics. This article inaugurates the examination of public discourse about extreme weather events through semantically-enhanced discourse studies, an approach which is based on Natural Semantic Metalanguage (NSM) and developed herein. Taking the example of floods in the particular geographic, cultural and historical environment of the Australian state of Queensland in 2011, this transtextual study draws on a public inquiry into the event and English as spoken in Australia, more broadly, along with media reports, and literature from humanities and social sciences. Five case studies of vocabulary and discourse patterns are presented to cast cultural and semantic spotlights on the public discourses. It is demonstrated that this approach can provide high resolution analysis of discourse and bring out cultural and historical factors at play in extreme weather language thereby contributing to disaster linguistics, climate change semantics and public discourse studies. • The meanings of words for natural disasters and extreme weather events, like flood , are culturally constructed. • Discourse of 2011 Queensland floods reveal geographic, cultural and historical aspects of English spoken in Australia. • Semantically-enhanced discourse studies is a novel method of public discourse studies based on NSM approach. • Semantically-enhanced discourse studies can provide high resolution analysis of vocabulary and discourse patterns. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Discourse information constrains recipients' interpretations of gestures. • Synchronisation of gesture and semantic affiliate is not essential for integration. • Integration processes of asynchronous gestures are reflected in the P600. • Recipients dynamically update how a gesture is integrated into a discourse model. Previous studies have suggested that a co-speech gesture needs to be synchronous with semantically related speech (semantic affiliates) for its successful semantic integration into a discourse model because co-speech gestures are often highly ambiguous on their own. But not all gestures synchronise with semantic affiliates, some precede them. The current study tested whether the interpretation of a gesture that does not synchronise with its semantic affiliate can be constrained by preceding verbal discourse and integrated into a recipient's discourse model. A behavioural experiment (Experiment 1) showed that related discourse information can indeed constrain recipients' interpretations of such gestures. Results from an ERP experiment (Experiment 2) confirmed that synchronisation between gesture and semantic affiliate is not essential in order for the gesture to become part of a discourse model, but only if the preceding context constrains the gesture's meaning. In this case, we found evidence for post-semantic integration (P600, time-locked to the gesture's semantic affiliate). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The debate on the roles of language and literacy in the increasingly internationalised university contexts where disciplinary content is taught through the medium of English has been a matter of recent research concerns. Despite the limited focus on language and literacy in English-medium instruction (EMI) programmes, there is currently increasing recognition of the need for explicit awareness of subject-specific language and literacies to favour content learning. However, there is a paucity of empirical research that measures the impact of students' disciplinary language and literacy skills on content achievement in EMI contexts. To address this issue, this paper analyses the relationship between the use of disciplinary-literacy variables related to the genre and specialized-language features of the laboratory report at the levels of text structure, cohesion, grammar, and vocabulary, and students' content proficiency in English-medium writing in a Spanish undergraduate setting. Results show a positive relationship between the frequency of occurrence of certain disciplinary-literacy variables and students' content proficiency. In particular, moves, cohesive devices, technical words, and passive voice appear as significant indicators of content proficiency in English-medium laboratory report writing. These findings strengthen the need to provide students with subject-specific language and literacy support for successful academic development in EMI courses. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Unhealthy diets are increasing contributors to poor health and mortality in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). Government interventions targeting the structural drivers of unhealthy diets are needed to prevent these illnesses, including nutrition labelling regulations that create healthier food environments. Yet, implementation remains slow and uneven. One explanation for slow implementation highlights the role of politics, including powerful ideological discourse and its strategic deployment by economically powerful actors. In this article, we advance research on the politics of nutrition policies by analysing political discourse on nutrition labelling regulations within an influential and under-studied global institution: the World Trade Organization (WTO). We identified WTO Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee meeting minutes with reference to nutrition labelling policies proposed by Thailand, Chile, Indonesia, Peru, Ecuador, Bolivia, and Uruguay (2007–2019; n = 47). We analysed the frames, narratives, and normative claims that feature in inter-country discourse within TBT meetings and examined how actors mobilize ideological and material sources of power via these statements. We find that informal government challenges to nutrition labelling proposals within the Committee featured a narrative that individualized the causes of and solutions to poor diet, downplayed harms from industrialised food products, and framed state regulation as harmful and unjust. These non-technical claims mobilised neoliberal ideology and rhetoric to contest the normative legitimacy of members' proposals and to de-socialize and de-politicize poor diets. Furthermore, high-income countries (HICs) re-framed policy goals to focus on individual determinants of poor nutrition whilst calling for their preferred policies to be adopted. Patterns of discourse within TBT meetings also had striking similarities with arguments raised by multi-national food corporations elsewhere. Our findings suggest that non-technical and ideological arguments raised during TBT meetings serve as inconspicuous tools through which nutrition labelling policies in LMICs are undermined by HICs, industry, and the powerful ideology of neoliberalism. • Critical discourse analysis of informal challenges to nutrition labelling polices. • Informal challenges occurred at the World Trade Organization (WTO), 2007–2019. • Challenges individualized, de-socialized, and de-politicized unhealthy diets. • Challenges invoked neoliberal ideology and industry rhetoric. • Discourse, and its deployment by powerful actors, may inconspicuously shape policy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article brings a perspective of governmentality theory to the studies on residential suburbanization of the European postsocialist cities. By examining the accounts of the mayors of fringe urban districts and municipalities located in the metropolitan area of Brno, the second-largest Czech city, we identify two interlinked discourses – the reactive discourse and the proactive discourse, both underlined by a specific sociospatial imaginary of rurality. The lens of governmentality theory led to the focus on the mayors' understanding of the process, their position within it, the political tools they did (not) apply and the legitimation of their decisions. The two-wave research design (2006–2009 and 2019, 26 interviews in total) enabled us to capture the substantial change in the intensity of these discourses over time to examine how they relate to the construction of the boundaries of municipal responsibility within the challenging suburbanization process. • Governmentality theory contributes to the understanding of post-socialist suburbanization. • Longitudinal research shows a significant cultural change in suburban governance. • A shift from reactive to proactive discourse was identified in mayors' accounts. • Rural imaginary plays a key role in the legitimation of municipal responsibility. • The boundaries of municipal responsibility have gradually broadened. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: We aimed to systematically analyse how the radiology community discusses the concept of artificial intelligence (AI), perceives its benefits, and reflects on its limitations.Methods: We conducted a qualitative, systematic discourse analysis on 200 social-media posts collected over a period of five months (April-August 2020).Results: The discourse on AI is active, albeit often referring to AI as an umbrella term and lacking precision on the context (e.g. research, clinical) and the temporal focus (e.g. current AI, future AI). The discourse is also somewhat split between optimism and pessimism. The latter considers a wider range of social, ethical and legal factors than the former, which tends to focus on concrete technologies and their functionalities.Conclusions: Further precision in the discourse could lead to more constructive conversations around AI. The split between optimism and pessimism calls for a constant exchange and synthesis between the two perspectives. Practical conversations (e.g. business models) remain rare, but may be crucial for an effective implementation of AI in clinical practice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Social science literature has documented how the concept of diagnosis can be seen as an interactive process, imbued with uncertainty and contradiction, which undermines a straightforward notion of diagnosis as a way to identify underlying biological problems that cause disease. We contribute to this body of work by examining the process of resolving contradiction in autism diagnosis for adults and adolescents. Autism is a useful case study as diagnosis can be a complex and protracted process due to the heterogeneity of symptoms and the necessity to interpret behaviours that may be ambiguous. We audio-recorded and transcribed 18 specialist clinical assessment meetings in four teams in England, covering 88 cases in two adult, one child and one adolescent (14+) setting. We undertook a qualitative analysis of discursive processes and narrative case-building structure utilised by clinicians to counteract contradiction.We identified a three-part interactional pattern which allows clinicians to forward evidence for and against a diagnosis, facilitates their collaborative decision-making process and enables them to build a plausible narrative which accounts for the diagnostic decision. Pragmatism was found to operate as a strategy to help assign diagnosis within a condition which, diagnostically, is permeated by uncertainty and contradiction. Resolution of contradiction from different aspects of the assessment serves to create a narratively-coherent, intelligible clinical entity that is autism. • Diagnosis of autism in adults and young people can be complex and contradictory. • Discursive analysis examined how teams deliver a coherent diagnostic narrative. • An interactional pattern in team decision-making helps to resolve contradiction. • Considering social outcomes is used as a strategy to help assign diagnosis. • This decision-making process contributes to how we understand autism. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The circular economy (CE) has recently become a popular discourse especially in government and corporate sectors. Given the socio-ecological challenges of the Anthropocene, the concept of CE could indeed help the transition to a sustainable, just and resilient future. However, the actual definition, objectives and forms of implementation of the CE are still unclear, inconsistent, and contested. Different actors and sectors are thus articulating circular discourses which align with their interests, and which often do not sufficiently examine the ecological, social and political implications of circularity. In this context, this research asks how to better navigate and analyse the history, complexity and plurality of circularity discourses by conceptually differentiating them in a comprehensive discourse typology. To answer this question a critical literature review has been carried out, which first, examines and reflects on the core challenges, gaps and limitations of the CE concept. Second, this research develops a comprehensive timeline of circularity thinking, which identifies and conceptually classifies 72 different CE-related concepts from the Global North and South (such as Gandhian and steady-state economics, buen vivir, doughnut economics and degrowth). This leads to the development of a typology of circularity discourses, which classifies circularity visions according to their position on fundamental social, technological, political and ecological issues. This research thus seeks to provide a basis for a more inclusive and comprehensive discussion on the topic, which opens the imaginary regarding the many circular futures that can exist and allows for a cross-pollination of ideas, policy options, strategies, practices and solutions. Image, graphical abstract [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Contradictions between discourse and actions were evident in classroom interaction. • Classroom episode instantiates larger social issues. • Peacebuilding processes may be fostered through classroom discourse analysis. Colombia is a country with a history of violence. The educational context has been no exception. Examining the way peace and violence are enacted or reproduced through discourse in school settings can help to inform processes of positive social transformation. In this paper, I present a critical microethnographic study on the potential of classroom discourse for peacebuilding in a fifth grade classroom of a public school on the north coast of Colombia. By focusing on an episode of classroom life, which samples a peacebuilding pedagogy but, at the same time, raises issues about discourse patterns that may perpetuate symbolic violence, I draw attention to the relationships between the grammar of interactions and the social structures that are invoked through discourse choices. This analysis can provide theoretical and practical inspiration for reconstructing interactions that more solidly contribute to peacebuilding. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]