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While the literature is abundant on hand therapy assessment and treatment of nonsurgical thumb carpometacarpal (CMC) osteoarthritis (OA), clarity and uniformity are meager, making it a desirable diagnosis to establish expert consensus. This study aimed to ascertain if consensus exists for the assessment and treatment of nonsurgical management of thumb CMC OA in the hand therapy clinical setting. This was a consensus paper via the modified Delphi approach. A modified Delphi method was used to determine consensus among an expert panel, including hand therapists and hand surgeons, via two online surveys. A consensus paper steering committee (from the American Society of Hand Therapist's research division) designed the surveys and analyzed responses. Consensus was established as 75% agreement among the expert panel. Demographic information was collected from the expert panel. The expert panel included 34 hand therapists and seven hand surgeons. The survey response rates were 93.6% for the first survey and 90.2% for the second survey. Consensus recommendations were classified according to the World Health Organization categorization. These included evaluating the body structures for clinical signs/clinical testing and body functions for pain, range of motion for palmar abduction, radial abduction, opposition, and thumb metacarpal phalangeal flexion/extension, and grip and tripod pinch strength. Further consensus recommendations were for the assessment of function using a region-specific, upper extremity patient-reported outcome measure (activity and participation), environmental factors, outcome expectation, and illness perception within the patient's unique environmental and social contexts. Treatment recommendations included the use of an orthosis during painful activities, a dynamic stability program (stable C posture, release of tight adductors, and strengthening of stabilizers), patient education, joint protection techniques, adaptive equipment, and functional-based intervention. The findings describe the consensus of a group of experts and provide a clinical reference tool on the hand therapy assessment and treatment of nonsurgical thumb CMC joint OA. • A consensus paper using a modified Delphi process to determine consensus on non-surgical assessment and treatment of thumb CMC OA. • Assessment recommendations: evaluate clinical signs/testing, pain, thumb range of motion grip and tripod pinch, a region-specific PROM, environmental factors, outcome expectation, and illness perception. • Treatment: orthosis during painful activities as needed, a dynamic stability program, patient education, joint protection techniques, adaptive equipment, and functional based intervention. • Findings provide a clinical reference tool on hand therapy assessment and treatment of non-surgical CMC joint OA. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present study focuses on the implementation of a self - assessment procedure in a Physics class, extended during a seven weeks period in a European secondary level school. The researchers used three modes of assessment based on paper and pencil, computer-web and mobile devices respectively. The aim of the study is to investigate the effect of each mode of assessment on students' motivation and achievement. Analysis of pre- and post-motivation tests revealed a more positive motivational orientation of students towards computers and mobile devices as assessment delivery mediums. Also, student evaluation implemented after the phase of the experimental procedure showed a significant increase in learning achievement for low-achieving students who participated in the mobile-based and computer-based assessment. The positive effects of computers and mobile devices on students' learning motivation suggest that they can be used as a promising alternative to paper and pencil assessment procedures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: This study aims to uncover whether or not factors such as national and professional identities and the medium of interaction (i.e., e-mails), affect the way Turkish and British conference organisers begin their Call for Papers for international conferences (CFPIC), and when and how they use inclusive ‘we’ pronouns in messages written in English. The survey also examines if there is a relationship between these three factors and the interpretation of (im)politeness by comparing whether or not writers with different cultural backgrounds, while trying to reach their aim (i.e., collect conference papers), (dis)obey some of the politeness rules proposed by . The corpus for this study consisted of e-mailed CFPIC collected between January 2002 and February 2006. CFPIC were related to areas such as linguistics, foreign/second language education and literature. The findings of the research suggest intricate and dynamic relations between a number of the micro- and macro-contextual factors, and some features of e-mails in English written by members of Turkish and British cultures. It is hoped that the results of this study will contribute to enhancing knowledge in the field of politeness and electronic communication, raising awareness of the relationship between cultural and professional identities and the interpretation of (im)politeness, thus providing valuable insights into intercultural communication conventions. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Background: The adoption and use of health information technology (IT) continues to grow around the globe. In Switzerland, the government nor professional associations have to this day provided incentives for health IT adoption.Objective: We aim to assess the proportion of physicians who are routinely working with electronic health data and describe to what extent physicians exchange electronic health data with peers and other health care providers. Additionally, we aim to estimate the effect of physicians' attitude towards health IT on the adoption of electronic workflows.Methods: Between May and July 2013, we conducted a cross-sectional survey of 1200 practice based physicians in Switzerland. Respondents were asked to report on their technical means and where applicable their paper-based workarounds to process laboratory data, examination results, referral letters and physician's letters. Physicians' view of barriers and facilitators towards health IT use was determined by a composite score.Results: A response rate of 57.1% (n=685) was reached. The sample was considered to be representative for physicians in Swiss ambulatory care. 35.2% of the respondents documented patients' health status with the help of a longitudinal semi-structured electronic text record generated by one or more encounters in the practice. Depending on the task within a workflow, around 11-46% of the respondents stated to rely on electronic workflow practices to process laboratory and examination data and dispatch referral notes and physician's letters. The permanent use of electronic workflow processes was infrequent. Instead, respondents reported paper-based workarounds affecting specific tasks within a workflow. Physicians' attitude towards health IT was significantly associated with the adoption of electronic workflows (OR 1.04-1.31, p<0.05), but the effect sizes of factors related to the working environment (e.g., regional factors, medical specialty, type of practice) were larger.Conclusion: At present, only a few physicians in Swiss ambulatory care routinely work with electronic health data. Until more of their peers participate in electronic exchange of structured clinical information, most physicians will continue to stay in paper-based systems and workarounds. The survey found that physicians with a positive attitude towards health IT were more likely to adopt electronic workflows, but the impact is minor. It will likely be necessary to introduce financial incentives and develop national standards in order to promote the adoption by a critical mass of practicing clinicians. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: In order to deliver good healthcare quality, it should explicitly be taken into account what patients value in healthcare. This study reviews qualitative studies in which patients express what they value. Based on this body of literature a preliminary taxonomy is designed.Methods: A systematic review of qualitative papers on what patients' value.Results: 22 studies out of a total of 3259 met the inclusion criteria. After critical appraisal, data extraction was carried out by two researchers independently and revealed values related to 1) the individual patient; 2) the expected behavior of professionals and 3) the interaction between patients and professionals. Seven key elements were recognized on the bases of content analysis; 1) uniqueness, 2) autonomy, 3) compassion, 4) professionalism, 5) responsiveness, 6) partnership and 7) empowerment.Conclusion: This study gives a rich insight into what patients value in various contexts and provides a promising taxonomy in line with patient centered based theories. The taxonomy needs further empirical research for a deeper insight and clarifaction in its elements.Practice Implications: This review and preliminary taxonomy contribute to the conceptualization of patient values as a bases for guidelines, policy and daily practice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper I will analyze the set of markers that have been associated with exclamative sentence-type and exclamations in Romance, like Catalan ma, mira, que , and si , Italian guarda and che , or Spanish mira, que, si , and vaya. The hypothesis I will defend is that the meaning encoded by each of these markers contribute to create an exclamation speech act. I will show that we must first distinguish mirative markers like ma, mira or guarda , which encode the surprise attitude of the speaker towards a proposition. A second class of elements are degree operators, like si , which create the necessary domain extension on which the attitude of the speaker is built. Finally, I will show that que / che is a marker of exclamative sentence-type. In the second part of the article I will show that these pragmatic differences have a transparent reflex in syntax: mirative markers occupy the Judge Phrase position in Krifka's Speech Act Layer, above ForceP and vocatives, so they may combine with different sentence-types, besides exclamatives. In ForceP we find degree operators (and exclamative wh -phrases) in its specifier, and the sentence-type marker que / che in its head. All in all, the paper aims at showing that a compositional approach to exclamativity can deal with the rich set of pragmatic and syntactic properties of exclamative markers in Romance. • Exclamativity and mirativity are two distinct pragmatic categories, with specialized markers. • Mirative markers are typically found with exclamative sentences, but they may appear with other sentence-types as well. • The set of pragmatic and syntactic properties of exclamative particles in Romance can be explained compositionally. • Data from exclamative markers support a rich syntax-pragmatics interface along the lines of the Cartographic Program. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Designed affordable 3DOF attitude simulator. • In–house built 3-axis Helmholtz coil cage. • Identified CubeSat demonstrator parameters. • Demonstrated CubeSat self-actuation & detumbling. Spacecraft attitude determination and control systems (ADCS) stand as a pivotal factor for ensuring the success of missions. As satellite sizes continue to decrease, the need for more intelligent and efficient control algorithms becomes increasingly pronounced. In response to this imperative, we propose the development of a scaled-down testbed specifically designed for evaluating satellites (ACDS). This testbed will demonstrate effective control of a CubeSat through the use of Helmholtz coils, magnetic torquer solenoids, reaction wheels and inexpensive student-made components and available components off the shelf (COTS) in the San Diego State University SPACE Lab. Referred to as the Spacecraft Attitude Testbed (SAT), this custom-designed 3-DoF experimental attitude platform replicates the conditions experienced by a weightless satellite in space. The objective of this research paper is to improve the understanding of how to manufacture a testbed and components like those within this paper, expose some of the issues encountered and improve the outcomes for future academic testbeds. Within this study, the testbed employs torque application to magnetic torquers and reaction wheels to regulate attitude. In summary, this research endeavors to establish a comprehensive and cost-effective testbed platform dedicated to the assessment of spacecraft attitude control and determination systems. It not only seeks to enhance our understanding of advanced control algorithms but also aims to contribute valuable insights into fault detection and adaptive control strategies, ultimately bolstering the efficiency and robustness of satellite operations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

COVID-19 conspiracy theories have become widespread since the onset of the pandemic and compound the existing challenges of decisional capacity assessment. This paper aims to review the literature pertaining to decisional capacity assessment in the context of COVID-19 conspiracy beliefs and synthesize a practical approach with an emphasis on differential diagnosis and clinical pearls for the practicing physician. We reviewed papers on decisional capacity assessment and differential diagnosis in the context of COVID-19 conspiracy beliefs. A literature search was conducted using the US National Library of Medicine's PubMed.gov resource and Google Scholar. The resulting article content was utilized to synthesize a practical approach to decisional capacity assessment in the context of COVID-19 conspiracy beliefs. Specifically, aspects related to the history, taxonomy, evaluation, and management are reviewed. Appreciating the nuanced differences between delusions, overvalued ideas, and obsessions while with integrating the non-cognitive domains of capacity into the assessment are crucial to navigating the wide differential diagnosis of COVID-19 conspiracy beliefs. It is important to attempt to clarify and optimize patient decision-making abilities by addressing circumstances, attitudes, and cognitive styles specific to patients with seemingly irrational beliefs about COVID-19. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

There is an increasing demand in the space industry for methods allowing for gyroless spacecraft attitude determination to either provide low cost sensor fusion or to recover from gyro failures. The gyroless configuration used in this paper is a combination of magnetometers and Sun sensors. Sun sensors are subject to measurement discontinuities during solar eclipses. Gyroless attitude sensing is known to increase sensitivity to measurement noise and model uncertainty. This paper presents a new Laplace Particle Filter with a Singular Value Decomposition to enhance attitude determination performance under these circumstances, while also preventing filter degeneracy. An orthogonal Procrustes problem is formulated to minimise the Wahba cost function and determine the attitude matrix from the Sun and magnetic field vectors and a third virtual predicted measurement vector, which is also available during Sun occlusion. The proposed filter is compared to a regularised particle filter approach, which handles particle filter degeneracy. Both filters are applied to the attitude determination of a small Earth observation satellite using three Sun sensors available during the sunlit phase and three orthogonal magnetometers. A Monte Carlo numerical simulation analysis demonstrates that the proposed particle filter significantly outperforms the regularised particle filter in terms of accuracy and robustness to the Sun sensor measurement discontinuities during solar eclipse and is also more accurate when both types of sensor measurements are available. • Gyroless attitude determination was obtained with Sun sensors and magnetometers. • A Laplace particle filter uses a Procrustes algorithm to solve Wahba's problem. • A Procrustes problem is formulated to approximate the maximum a posteriori attitude. • Estimation accuracy and robustness is significantly enhanced during solar eclipse. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• This paper addresses the prescribed-time attitude cooperative control problem. • A quantized scheme is proposed to reduce inter-spacecraft communication burden. • A prescribed-time observer is proposed to estimate the reference attitude. • A distributed prescribed-time attitude cooperative controller is proposed. This paper investigates the problem of prescribed-time attitude consensus for multiple spacecraft under directed graph subject to limited communication bandwidth and input saturation. First, a quantized communication mechanism that transmits quantized states only when their values change is developed to deal with the limited communication bandwidth, which can markedly reduce communication burden. Under the quantized communication, a distributed prescribed-time observer is designed for each follower spacecraft to estimate the leader spacecraft's state. This observer can guarantee the observed values converge to the leader spacecraft's state in a user-defined time. Then, we design a prescribed-time sliding manifold by using the observed values. Next, a prescribed-time attitude control law is designed based on the proposed sliding manifold. The prescribed-time stability of multiple spacecraft system subject to input saturation is proved, and the simulation results highlight the effectiveness of the scheme. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• This paper examines seniors' perceptions and attitudes to a wide range of AV options from the perspective of pedestrians and users. • AV options included fully-automated, semi-automated, and shared autonomous vehicles. • The data were collected from 1000 older Americans during the COVID-19 pandemic. • Three clusters of seniors were identified with different perceptions and attitudes toward different AVs options as well as demographic characteristics. Introduction: Autonomous vehicles (AVs) are considered a promising solution to improve seniors' safety and mobility. However, to transition to fully automated transportation, especially among seniors, it is vital to assess their perception and attitude toward AVs. This paper investigates seniors' perceptions and attitudes to a wide range of AV options from the perspective of pedestrians and users in general, as well as during and after the COVID-19 pandemic. Underlying this objective is to examine older pedestrians' safety perceptions and behaviors at crosswalks in the presence of AVs. Method: A national survey collected data from a sample of 1,000 senior Americans. Using Principal Component Analysis (PCA) and Cluster Analysis, three clusters of seniors were identified with different demographic characteristics, perceptions, and attitudes toward AVs. Results: PCA findings revealed that "risky pedestrian crossing behavior," "cautious pedestrian crossing behavior in the presence of AVs," "positive perception and attitude toward shared AVs," and "demographic characteristics" were the main components explaining most of the variation within the data, respectively. The PCA factor scores were used in the cluster analysis, which resulted in the identification of three distinctive groups of seniors. Cluster one included individuals with lower demographic scores and a negative perception and attitude toward AVs from the perspective of users and pedestrians. Clusters two and three included individuals with higher demographic scores. Cluster two included individuals with a positive perception toward shared AVs from the user perspective, but a negative attitude toward pedestrian-AV interaction. Cluster three included those with a negative perception toward shared AVs but a somewhat positive attitude toward pedestrian-AV interaction. The findings of this study provide valuable insights to transportation authorities, AV manufacturers, and researchers regarding older American's perception and attitude toward AVs as well as their willingness to pay and use Advanced Vehicle Technologies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Based on data obtained from Cantonese corpora and interactions in everyday contexts, this paper identifies and analyzes the range of pragmatic functions that the interrogative pronoun me1 has. Focusing on the subjective evaluative functions of me1 that go beyond interrogation, this present study attempts to suggest the development pathway of me1 becoming a negative stance marker. Derived from combining the interrogative pronoun mat1 'what' and the general noun je5 'thing' followed by phonological reduction, it is observed that me1 (< mat1je5) has gone a long way, from replacing an item of enquiry, to substituting for an unretrievable or unutterable item to avoid taboo and embarrassment, and further to a negative evaluative attitudinal marker that can occupy a range of syntactic positions (including the pre-nominal and clause-initial positions) to signal the speaker's disagreement and derogatory attitude, and finally to become an interrogative sentence-final particle which is essentially subjective and negatively biased. Adopting a broadly interactional linguistic perspective (Ochs et al., 1996; Selting and Couper-Kuhlen, 2001), our present study looks at how me1 can be used to negotiate interpersonal functions in the course of conversational interactions. Findings in this paper will have significant contributions to the study of wh- markers generally, and provide important insights into how extended functions of wh -markers can be developed in Sinitic languages specifically. • The Cantonese stancemarker me1 serves a range of pragmatic interpersonal functions. • Me1 has undergone the development: me1 < mat1je5 < mat1 "what" + je5 "thing". • Me1 has a negative valence. • Me1 can be used as an interrogative pronoun, a placeholder, and a negative evaluative marker. • Me1 as an interrogative sentence-final particle is essentially subjective and negatively biased. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper investigates the effects of model fidelity and parameter uncertainty on the performance of a hybrid model-based feedback-feedforward control scheme for attitude tracking of a satellite with flexible appendages. The feedforward component is an inverse model-based term produced through a computational approach known as inverse simulation (InvSim), which works by iteratively solving a discretised reference trajectory. The hybrid controller's feedback is proportional-derivative (PD) based, using body attitude and rate feedback to provide stability and robustness. Furthermore, to ensure that the flexible modes do not trigger instability, the PD control gains are tuned to give a closed-loop response that is significantly slower than the flexible modes. Additionally, excitation of the flexible modes is reduced by minimising jerk through polynomial rest-to-rest manoeuvres, following the shortest quaternion path using spherical–linear-interpolation (SLERP). The effects of the appendage flexing on attitude tracking are then compensated through the feedforward element of the hybrid controller, with performance being compared to a traditional PD tracking law. The effect of the model fidelity on the performance of the hybrid controller is investigated through the use of both rigid body and multiple-fidelity finite-element mathematical models. Additionally, the effect of uncertainties in the model parameters is investigated to determine the accuracy of the model required to obtain significant improvement in attitude tracking. It is found that in the absence of any model parameter uncertainty, the hybrid controller outperforms the PD tracking control law by at least one order of magnitude when the finite-element model is used. Increasing the number of finite elements was found to provide no significant improvement in performance, with one element being sufficient and favourable with its lower computational overhead. It was also found that to ensure good performance compared to the PD tracking controller, the uncertainty in the inertia tensor should be < 1%. Similarly, uncertainty in the first flexible modal frequency should be < 0.5 rad/s. • Inverse simulation (InvSim) used to produce model-based feedforward control. • Combined with PD feedback to improve attitude tracking. • Effects of model uncertainty and fidelity on model-based control investigated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Due to residual momentum, the space robot is tumbling after capturing an unknown target, like space debris because of the law of conservation of momentum. Therefore, it is essential to stabilize the attitude of the base for the objectives such as communication. In addition to the residual momentum and uncertainties in the inertial parameters of the target, the observation noise in real applications would degrade the stabilization performance or even lead to instability. To reduce the impacts of these factors, a novel strategy is presented in this paper for rapid attitude stabilization of space robots in postcapture. This approach exploits the dynamical coupling between the base and the manipulator to stabilize the attitude of the base with the limited control torque. In addition, to mitigate the effects of parameter and measurement uncertainties, an iterated extended Kalman filter is applied to estimate the motion state of the system and inertial parameters of the target in situations with state-dependent measurement noise. To verify the validity and feasibility of the presented approach, numerical simulations have been performed for the 2D and 3D models, and robustness and the effects of observation noise and initial velocity of the base have been analyzed via Monte Carlo simulations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Spacecraft reorientation with attitude pointing constraints and the uncertainty of inertia and external disturbance is investigated in this paper. By introducing the potential function into the design of non-singular fixed-time sliding mode surface, the proposed controller can achieve fixed-time convergence and the convergence time of attitude error can be predetermined by selecting appropriate parameters. Meanwhile, the attitude pointing constraints can be satisfied all the time. The designed sliding surface and potential function have two equilibrium points, which guarantees the unwinding-free performance. Furthermore, an adaptive sliding mode control scheme is developed to handle the system lumped disturbance. Rigorous Lyapunov analyses are employed to ensure practical fixed-time closed-loop stability in the presence of system disturbance uncertainties and attitude pointing constraints. Therefore, the fixed-time stability, the feasibility of attitude pointing constraints and disturbance rejection are achieved simultaneously with the proposed controller. Numerical simulations are provided to demonstrate the effectiveness and superiority of the proposed method. • The PF is introduced into the design of the non-singular fixed-time sliding surface. • The fixed-time convergence and attitude pointing constraints are satisfied. • By introducing the sign function, the unwinding phenomenon is prevented. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper investigates the problem of fixed-time attitude coordinated control for multi-spacecraft systems with unknown external disturbance. Firstly, a distributed fixed-time observer is introduced to estimate the states of the virtual leader. The observer can track the leader completely in a fixed time without dependence on the initial conditions of the leader and observer. Then, we propose a novel nonsingular fixed-time sliding mode tracking controller to address the fixed-time attitude tracking problem. It is noteworthy that the requirement on initial conditions of spacecraft is removed in the proposed nonsingular sliding mode controller. Due to the robustness of sliding mode control, the influence of external disturbance can be eliminated, such that each spacecraft can track desired attitude trajectories precisely in a fixed time. Hence, the fixed-time attitude coordination for multiple spacecraft can be achieved. Finally, numerical simulation results and comparisons reveal the effectiveness of the proposed algorithms. • Firstly, a novel nonsingular fixed-time sliding mode controller is proposed to solve the singularity problem of terminal sliding mode (TSM). We adopt a novel area division method to avoid the singularity of fixed-time TSM and obtain a more precise estimation of convergence time. • Secondly, compared with existing finite-time attitude cooperative control methods, the fixed-time control scheme adopted in this paper has more advantages. The upper bound of convergence time is independent on the initial states and can be adjusted by controller parameters. • Thirdly, a novel distributed fixed-time observer is proposed, which can be also used to general linear systems fixed-time consensus design. Utilizing the proposed observer, we can obtain a precise estimation of the leader states in a fixed-time. • In conclusion, there are few results of fixed-time attitude coordinated control and still exist some deficiencies in foregoing works. More challenges are posed in the fixed-time attitude control for multiple spacecraft. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cassirer often pointed out that the physics of his time had progressively become a 'physics of principles' rather than a 'physics of models'. Until the 1920s, Cassirer regarded these principles (the energy principle, the relativity principle etc.) as a constitutive but provisional form of the a priori , imposing specific limitations on the form of the allowable laws of nature. This paper argues that Cassirer shifted the role of the a priori to a deeper level in the 1930s. The a priori acquires a regulative meaning, motivating the search for the laws of nature without providing any particular insight into their form. The paper contends that, in this way, Cassirer embraced what might be called a 'motivational Kantianism'. It can be argued whether this stance still deserves to be called a form of 'neo-Kantianism'. However, depriving the a priori of any specific content allowed Cassirer to attribute a constitutive role to 'statements of principle' without granting them a priori status. This paper concludes that this attitude towards the role of 'principles' in physics sets Cassirer's philosophy apart from its positivist and post-positivist counterparts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper is devoted to dealing with the problem of global attitude synchronization for quaternion-based multiple rigid bodies, regardless of the general directed topologies of networks and arbitrary initial orientations of rigid bodies. A novel canonical quaternion is constructed to represent all physical attitudes of rigid bodies such that the pseudo-synchronization of their quaternion representations (namely, the quaternions' vector parts of all rigid bodies reach agreement on some identical value, whereas their scalar parts do not) can be precluded. Moreover, to reduce unnecessary communication requirements of rigid bodies, a hybrid triggering mechanism involving both the time regulation and neighbors' non-real-time information is proposed, with which a distributed protocol is developed by leveraging the constructed canonical quaternion. It is shown that the presented protocol for rigid bodies over directed networks can simultaneously realize the global attitude synchronization and naturally exclude the Zeno behavior. In addition, these observations are also validated via the application of our hybrid triggering protocol to networked spacecraft. • Develop a hybrid triggering mechanism and a quaternion-based distributed protocol. • Achieve global attitude synchronization regardless of arbitrary initial attitudes. • Address the two-fold covering map problem in the synchronization process. • Exclude Zeno behavior without requiring additional assumptions about attitudes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper deals with the attitude motion of VLEO CubeSats during and after the deployment of flexible stabilizing panels driven by torsion springs. Unlike in higher orbits, in VLEO, the attitude motion of the satellite is primarily influenced by the interaction with the atmosphere. Therefore, in order to study the evolution of the satellite attitude during the panels deployment, we considered not only the torques from the torsion springs and the elastic oscillations of the flexible panels, but also the restoring and damping aerodynamic torques, which depend on the satellite shape and thus change substantially during the panels deployment process. Numerical simulations show that if the satellite has intermediate stable equilibrium positions, the combined effect of all above-mentioned torques may result in qualitatively different regimes of oscillations in the angle of attack after the deployment. These oscillations have low-frequency harmonics, related to the aerodynamic torque, and a high-frequency one, induced by the elastic oscillations of the panels after the collisions in the system caused by panels latching. The amplitude of the high-frequency oscillations depends on the post-collision state of the system, which is found analytically using the Appell algorithm. The post-collision state, in its turn, depends on the inevitable inaccuracies of the deployment process, causing the panels to start their rotation at slightly different moments in time. As a result of the study, recommendations for the torsion spring-driven panels deployment in VLEO are formulated. Their focus is to maintain the attitude stability of the satellite and reduce the vibrations of its body in presence of disturbances, such as elastic oscillations of the panels themselves or uneven panels deployment. • CubeSats attitude motion during and after flexible panels deployment is considered. • Collisions in the system due to panels latching are treated using Appell algorithm. • CubeSat with aerodynamic instability may have several attitude oscillation regimes. • Recommendations for the torsion spring-driven panels deployment are formulated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Propose a pseudo measurement update method for head pose determination. • A robust detector combined with heuristic wavelet denoising is designed. • A head pose determination method incorporating a robust strategy is proposed. The human head often shifts abruptly after a prolonged inactivity. When the head remains motionless, pseudo measurement correction approaches can increase the accuracy of head pose determination (HPD). However, existing detectors based on the general likelihood ratio test (GLRT) framework cannot identify zero angular rate events and are insensitive to rotational motion. In this paper, a heuristic wavelet denoising approach is designed to pre-process the input signals of a GLRT-based moving variance detector, thereby enhancing the precision of the detector. Furthermore, an approach for head pose determination based on the error-state Kalman filter (ESKF) is presented. Finally, simulation tests, attitude estimation studies of head motion mimicked by a turntable and actual head tracking experiment are used to validate the performance of the suggested method. The experimental results demonstrate that the suggested detector is more precise. The HPD approach described in this paper can achieve greater estimation precision than previous methods. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The re-analysis of Nguyen and Benet-Martínez's (2013) meta-analytic data and a new meta-analysis of longitudinal studies by Bierwiaczonek and Kunst (2021) showed that the relationship between acculturation and adaptation is weak and that the effect size for unbiased results for integration may not differ from zero. These findings pose a major challenge to acculturation theory and research where the premises that acculturation is reliably related to adaptation and that integration is the most adaptive strategy are widely accepted. In this paper I consider how we as acculturation scholars could respond to this challenge. First, I summarize the results of Bierwiaczonek and Kunst's (2021) meta-analytic studies and the response by Grigoryev et al. (2023), noting that the findings reported in both papers are characterized by small effect sizes and large amounts of heterogeneity. I then consider what single studies can tell us about acculturation and adaptation, highlighting the influence of methodological and contextual factors on this relationship. Finally, I synthesize research on cultural identity configurations, bicultural identity integration and cultural identity styles to show how each program of research on cultural identity integration leads to different, but more nuanced, conclusions about the relationship between acculturation and adaptation. To advance acculturation theory and research I argue that we should reframe our questions from "to what extent are acculturation and integration related to adaptation?" to "how and when are acculturation and integration related to adaptation?" I also advocate putting more emphasis on acculturation processes and contexts in future research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this paper is to discuss the significance of the intersectionality framework for addressing prejudices, racism and inequalities in nursing education and clinical learning environments. Discrimination and racism against nursing students and educators based on their gender, ethnicity, race and social identities is well-documented in the nursing literature. Despite documented discrimination and incivility based on intersectional factors, it is reported that often nurse educators show limited interest in the culture, diverse experiences and values of nursing students with culturally and linguistically diverse backgrounds. Discussion paper The discussion was based on contemporary literature about intersectionality, discrimination and racism in nursing. We completed a cursory search of literature in nursing education journal and selected nursing and health science databases. This was not a formal literature review. Using a fictional example, the application of intersectionality to address inequalities in educational settings is illustrated. Intersectionality is an invaluable tool for examining interwoven power relations and power struggles arising from racial, gender, ethnic, religious and sexuality and disability-related differences. Nurse educators, students and leaders should be more cognizant of their preconceived views, sociocultural stereotypes and varied forms of sociocultural oppression affecting their interactions with each other in clinical learning environments. Incorporating intersectionality can address prejudices, racism and inequalities arising due to sociocultural, ethnic, power-related and intergenerational issues among educators, students and other personnel involved in creating clinical learning environments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Carbon capture, utilization, and storage (CCUS) technologies are expected to contribute significantly to climate abatement, but the technologies have not been widely adopted and remain relatively unfamiliar to the public. Public opinions and attitudes can contribute significantly to the deployment of technologies and can be studied through discourses. Discourses can reveal underlying attitudes from widespread narratives. This paper investigates the attitude atmosphere around CCUS technologies through Finnish media discourses, building on 51 articles from 13 different national newspapers or news media sites. The findings of this research confirm that CCUS technologies are fairly unfamiliar to the public but indicate positive attitudes particularly towards carbon capture and utilization (CCU) technologies. However, information provision to the public does not necessarily translate towards increasingly positive attitudes. Communication should be genuine and focused on interaction instead of persuading the public of the benefits of the technologies. Methodologically, this paper points out that media discourses can provide possibilities to assess attitude atmospheres around unfamiliar technologies, such as CCUS. • Public opinions can have significant impact on the deployment of technologies. • Exploring attitude atmosphere around CCUS technologies. • Media discourses can unveil the opinions of the public. • Information provision should be genuine and participatory. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The emergence of the metaverse industry is a potential new engine of economic growth. The government, which has a stake in every innovation, should respond by providing a favorable business environment. Metaverse companies, for their part, need to measure the efficiency of the innovation process and the rationality of resource allocation to sustain its competitive edge. However, the relationship between government subsidies (GS) and companies' innovation efficiency is unclear. Based on a three-stage data envelopment analysis (DEA) model and a Tobit-regression model, this study analyzes the relationship between government subsidies and innovation efficiency accounting for the influence of environmental variables on innovation performance. There were several main findings: (1) Using a three-stage Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) model, the first-stage efficiency is far from the production frontier. After removing external environmental variables and random disturbance factors, the third stage efficiency increased notably due to the increase of pure technical efficiency. Government support and regional innovation atmosphere positively influence the innovation efficiency. This paper further classifies the 119 companies into four categories based on pure technical efficiency and scale efficiency. (2) Drawing upon the Tobit-regression model, the paper reveals that government subsidies have positive influence on the innovation efficiency of metaverse listed companies. These findings contribute to a deeper understanding of the role of government subsidies in innovation efficiency and their important implications for policymakers. • The paper analyzes the innovation efficiency of metaverse listed companies in China using a three-stage Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) model. • The study finds that government subsidies have a positive impact on improving the innovation efficiency of metaverse companies. • There are significant regional variations in the innovation efficiency of metaverse companies, with higher efficiency observed in less developed areas. • The paper provides several policy recommendations, including the need to enhance research capabilities, narrow regional development disparities, foster cooperation, and increase government subsidies for innovation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• A denoising algorithm for hydroacoustic signal based on polynomial fitting is proposed to effectively eliminate noise and remove baseline drift. • A preprocessing algorithm for real-time attitude compensation of vector hydroacoustic signal is proposed and verified to have no effect on system stability and to have low time complexity, and finally, it has been proven to improve orientation accuracy. • A directional algorithm from single MEMS vector hydrophone based on weighted histogram statistics and cross-spectrum sound intensity is proposed, which can effectively suppress side-valve interference and realize higher precision directionality. In order to solve the problem of noise interference and attitude shift of vector hydrophone due to the influence of natural factors during underwater detection, it is necessary to develop a new method to solve the problem. In this paper designs an orientation algorithm of single MEMS vector hydrophone based on polynomial fitting and real-time attitude compensation. It is proved that the algorithm will not change the stability of the system, and the time complexity is low. In order to verify the effect of this algorithm, this paper compares this algorithm with other signal denoising methods and attitude correction methods, and proves that this algorithm has smaller processing error. Finally, the underwater acoustic signal actually collected in the lake is used as the input signal to calculate, and the orientation error is less than 1, which verifies the feasibility and practicability of the algorithm. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To integrate existing literature on barriers and facilitators to implementing interventions for Medically Unexplained Symptoms (MUS) in primary and secondary care. Systematic review following PRISMA guidelines. A search of PsychINFO/Pubmed/Web of Science was performed to select studies focusing on MUS-interventions and implementation. All included papers were checked for quality and bias. A narrative synthesis approach was used to describe the included papers by implementation level, ranging from the specific intervention to the broader economic/political context. 20 (quantitative/qualitative/mixed design) papers were included, but the quantitative studies especially, lacked methodological quality, with possible publication bias as a result. Results showed that the intervention needs to be acceptable and in line with daily practice routines. The professional 's attitude and skills are important for implementation success, as well as for overcoming problems in the professional-patient interaction. If patients stick to finding a somatic cause, this hampers implementation. A lack of time is a frequently mentioned barrier at the organizational level. Barriers/facilitators at the social context level and at the economic/political level were barely reported on in the included papers. Results were integrated into an existing implementation model, as an example of how MUS-interventions can be successfully implemented in practice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• The finite-time prescribed performance of the quadrotor UAV is successfully realized by a novel transformation function. • A newly improved value function is constructed to tackle the time-varying control effectiveness faults. • The algorithm relaxes persistent excitation conditions and increases the utilization of history data in the history stack. In this paper, the optimal attitude control problem is investigated for quadrotor UAV with time-varying control effectiveness faults based on adaptive dynamic programming. Initially, a novel nonlinear conversion function is introduced to achieve the finite-time prescribed performance on tracking errors of three attitude angles of the quadrotor UAV. Furthermore, given that the controller may experience a degree of time-varying faults due to internal component aging or external environmental influences, an improved value function with a discount factor is proposed to resist the aforementioned time-varying control effectiveness faults. Then, by integrating the concurrent learning technique into adaptive dynamic programming algorithm, a valid approximate optimal control protocol is presented. Such an algorithm not only effectively improves the utilization of historical data in the history stack but also loosens the strict persistent excitation condition into a rank condition that is easy to check online. Moreover, it can be proved that the uniformly ultimately bounded stability of the attitude system is ensured even in the presence of time-varying control effectiveness faults. Meanwhile, tracking errors of attitude angles successfully converge to pre-defined symmetric or asymmetric precision intervals with an adjustable convergence rate in a user-defined finite time. Finally, a simulation example of the quadrotor UAV attitude system is given to verify the validity of the developed control scheme. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Attitude control is an essential operation for spacecraft to perform space missions, and control strategies play a decisive role. In this paper, a second-order quaternion system of rigid spacecraft attitude dynamics is derived based on the fully actuated system approach. The quaternion system has two constraints that lead it to be a fully actuated system. Two closed-loop control strategies are proposed to achieve attitude tracking and stabilization for the fully actuated system. The stabilization strategy can control the scalar quaternion to reach the desired value and be used to deal with the unwinding phenomenon. Numerical simulations demonstrate the second-order quaternion system's validity and the control strategies' effectiveness. • A second-order quaternion system is derived from an intuitive perspective. • The control laws are much easier to design than the first-order system. • Arbitrary three quaternions can be employed as the controlled variables. • The unwinding phenomenon is handled in a simple way. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Behavioral science offers several ideas about what it takes to get people to vaccinate. Colleagues and I previously reviewed the evidence for these propositions and put forward what has become known as the Increasing Vaccination Model. To make the model more accessible to practitioners, the current paper summarizes the main insights from the earlier work. First, observational studies show clearly that thoughts and feelings are correlated with vaccine uptake. Such constructs include perceived risk of harm from infectious disease and confidence in vaccine safety and efficacy. However, interventions have not generally shown that changing thoughts and feelings increases vaccine uptake. Second, social processes are promising in observational studies. Such constructs include social norms, altruism, and sharing through social media. More research is needed in this promising area before it will be possible to conclude whether social processes are effective intervention targets. Third, interventions that directly change behavior—without trying to change what people think or feel or their social experience—are reliably effective ways to increase vaccine uptake. Such interventions include reminders, defaults, and vaccine requirements. Finally, the most potent intervention for increasing vaccine uptake is a health care provider recommendation, but it is still unclear whether such recommendations are effective because they increase confidence, set a social norm, or reflect a direct behavior change technique. The paper ends by describing use of the model by a World Health Organization working group as it considers opportunities to address low vaccination uptake globally. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper deals with the attitude motion of LEO satellites with deployable side panels designed for passive aerodynamic stabilization in a rarefied atmosphere. The influence of the aerodynamic and gravitational torques on the planar attitude motion near the unstable and stable equilibrium positions is studied. The presence of the unstable equilibrium position and small perturbations such as the oscillations of the flexible panels is the cause of chaos. A critical altitude is found above which the chaos is possible. The equations of planar attitude motion of the satellite with deployed flexible panels are obtained. The chaotic behavior of the system is demonstrated through numerical simulations of the attitude motion of a 3U CubeSat. The results of this paper can be used to analyze the applicability of passive aerodynamic stabilization for LEO satellites. • Planar attitude motion of a LEO satellite with deployable side panels is studied. • The satellite as a rigid body with the flexible appendages is considered. • For a wide range of altitudes, stable and unstable equilibrium positions are found. • The chaotic behavior of the satellite with flexible panel is proven. • It's been shown that flexible panels do not always lead to stabilization of motion. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Although the metaverse is still in the early stages of development and implementation, it has the potential to revolutionize the way how businesses can interact with customers through both the virtual and real world. In particular, service industries are already exploring the opportunity to utilize the metaverse to provide more immersive, interactive and engaging customer experiences. However, the holistic overview of the future applications, opportunities, and challenges of a metaverse in the context of service industries from academic and expert perspectives is limited. By employing a multi-perspective approach, this study looks into these unexplored aspects of the metaverse in the context of service industries through informed and multifaceted narratives by leading academics and experts from cross-disciplinary backgrounds from media and communication, education, hospitality, financial services, retail, tourism and healthcare. The main opportunities identified include the development of new experiences, the introduction of novel inter-world interactions, and new business-consumer relations within the metaverse. The key challenges covered include current technological boundaries, limitations of the experiences in the metaverse, health issues, and data privacy, security, and legal issues. The paper concludes with formulating future research agendas and presenting contributions to literature and implications for practice. • It explores future applications, opportunities, challenges, and research agenda of the metaverse in service industries. • Opportunities include new experiences development, novel inter-world interactions, and new business-consumer relations. • Key Challenges are technological boundaries, limited experiences, health, data privacy, security, and legal issues. • The paper concludes with formulating future research agendas and presenting contributions to literature and practice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Forming a UAV cluster with multiple UAVs to collaborate in accomplishing tasks is the future development of battlefield. The UAV cluster can collaborate by communicating through inter-aircraft links and can quickly and accurately perform complex tasks such as path planning, collaborative reconnaissance, collaborative sensing and attack. In the process of Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) cooperative operation, obtaining the real-time attitude information of each UAV is preliminary to implement collaborative cooperation. However, in practice, due to the internal malfunction of sensors and mutual interference among UAVs, the acquired attitudes often suffer from data missing. This paper proposed a novel missing data reconstruction method for UAV's attitude in the case of sensor failures. The attitude data of UAV is obtained through an advanced UAV simulation platform AirSim. Through fusing the temporal convolutional network (TCN) and Bi-directional long short-term memory (Bi-LSTM), a deep regression framework is established for missing data construction. In addition, we evaluate the reliability of the proposed method by comparing with different baseline models and different combinations of data missing. The performance of our method is quantified using metrics of root-mean-square-error (RMSE), mean absolute error (MAE), determination coefficient (DC), mean absolute percentage error (MAPE), and symmetric mean absolute percentage error (SMAPE) score. The averaged performance values of our proposed method outperform other baseline algorithms. The results of the experiment show that the study could well-address the issue of missing data reconstruction and provide reliable attitude data. • A deep learning framework for UAV's missing data reconstruction is proposed. • TCN and Bi-LSTM is fused to reconstruct the missing data of UAV's attitude. • The performance for missing data reconstruction under different sensor failures is evaluated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper presents an experiment that investigates differences in risk attitudes in decisions with immediate versus delayed consequences. Our experimental design allows to control for the effects of discounting and timing of risk resolution. We show that individuals are more risk tolerant in situations involving delayed consequences. Investigations based on rank-dependent utility show that this finding is mainly driven by probability weighting. More precisely, probability weighting is more elevated for delayed consequences. This suggests an overall increase in decision-makers' optimism regarding the chances of success when consequences materialize in the future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In 2017, Technische Universität Berlin (TU Berlin) has launched the first space-rated fluid-dynamic actuator (FDA) on the TechnoSat mission. This type of actuator is unique with respect to its dynamic properties, as it offers a very high torque but limited angular momentum storage capabilities in comparison to reaction wheels (RWs). In combination with the tetrahedron RW assembly featured on the spacecraft, a unique combination of attitude control actuators has been formed. The spacecraft axis parallel to the FDA is over-actuated, featuring control actuators of contrasting nature which offers novel options in terms of spacecraft operations. However, with the camera axis on TechnoSat being aligned parallel to the actuator's axis of rotation, there is limited operational use to this setup. In July 2019, TU Berlin launched Berlin Experimental and Educational Satellite 9 (BEESAT-9) – the first CubeSat featuring a set of three orthogonal RWs and a single picosatellite fluid-dynamic actuator (pFDA) for attitude control. The camera axis of BEESAT-9 is perpendicular to the actuator axis, and therefore allows the demonstration of the proposed novel modes of operation. Among the proposed modes is an artificial increase of the swath and the acquisition of stereo images of multiple, successive targets on the ground. Crucial to these operation scenarios is the control allocation between the RW assembly and the single pFDA. This paper first introduces the spacecraft and describes the proposed novel modes of operation that are enabled by the actuator combination realized on BEESAT-9, followed by a review of the state of the art of control allocation for over-actuated spacecraft. The main part of the paper comprises a description of the implementation of the dynamics models of the attitude control actuators and spacecraft, followed by a description of the implemented high-level control laws and control allocation methods. Finally, simulation results for the artificial swath increase and the single spacecraft stereo imaging mode are appended and discussed. • Picosatellite fluid-dynamic actuators enable novel modes of satellite operation. • Control allocation enables combination of novel actuator and reaction wheels. • First CubeSat with fluid-dynamic actuator and reaction wheels launched in 2019. • Attitude maneuvers in the orbit plane enable stereo imaging from single spacecraft. • Attitude maneuvers out off the orbit plane enable artificial swath increase. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In recent years, the complexity of CubeSat missions has been increasing steadily as the platform capabilities have drastically improved. Missions involving high-accuracy pointing and interplanetary exploration are no longer out of the reach of CubeSat-class satellites. For fine-pointing, the currently available options are dominated by reaction-wheels. One promising alternative is the use of low-thrust propulsion systems for providing fine pointing capability. Electric propulsion systems will not have the high slew-rate of the reaction wheels or ΔV responsiveness of conventional thrusters. However, if the main objective of the mission is in providing high-accuracy pointing, long-term attitude stability, orbit maintenance, and long-term orbit maneuvers, then a multi-thruster electrical propulsion system can be substituted as the combined attitude control and propulsion system, resulting in volume and cost savings. This paper characterizes the performance of one such CubeSat attitude control system. First, the characterization results of a representative CubeSat-scale electric propulsion system, the μCAT vacuum arc thruster, are given. Using these performance parameters, the theoretical pointing accuracy and target dwell time are analyzed and discussed. The paper also highlights potential application of the electric propulsion system and provides comparison results of the system performance as compared to other commercially available units in terms of cost, volumetric efficiency, and resource consumption. • Newer CubeSat missions include the need for high-accuracy pointing. • Electric propulsion decreases attitude system cost and size. • Micro-arc thrusters perform attitude control on par with reaction wheels. • Extremely low impulse bits allow for very precise control in micro-arc thrusters. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Any serious challenge to car-dependency requires a better understanding of barriers to the uptake of alternative transport modes, including public transport. Such barriers will be complex and contextual. They may be major, such as the absence of a time competitive public transport option, or a collection of minor, seemingly peripheral inconsistencies between the needs of the user and the operation of the system. This paper provides a comprehensive examination of one such barrier – the restriction of pets on public transport. Typically, cities in Europe, and many in North America and the UK, permit dogs to ride public transport with their carers. Australian cities, in contrast, are more restrictive, deeming the popular practice of dog ownership in Australian cities a relatively car-dependent affair. Drawing from a survey of 1091 Sydney residents, we examine reactions to a hypothetical change in the city's pets on public transport policy to allow dogs to ride with their carers. Specifically, we examine the level of support for the policy change, explore who supports and who would be against the change, and unpick the potential impact of a policy change on user behaviour. We find a low level of opposition to policy change (23%), with only a small portion of respondents indicating that a policy to allow pets on public transport would discourage their use of public transport (21%). The key determinants of policy support relate to attitudes to dogs rather than transport related characteristics, highlighting the need for transport policy makers to look beyond transport issues when considering policy change. The paper concludes with reflections on the importance of investigating the smaller ways public transport policy might be able to encourage transition away from private car use. • Prohibitions on public transport can prevent the provision of an equitable and useful network. • Pets are prohibited on public transport in some cities, deeming pet ownership a car dependent practice. • Removal of this prohibition requires understanding peoples' attitudes to dogs, as well as transport. • A revised pets on public transport policy should be tailored to the network. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this paper is to evaluate the effect of a maximum admissible value of the sail cone angle on the transfer performance of a solar sail-based spacecraft in an interplanetary mission scenario. The proposed approach models the possible constraint on the maximum Sun angle of the solar panels, when thin film solar cells are attached to the flat solar sail exposed area. In particular, transfers towards Mars and Venus are investigated in a simplified circle-to-circle, two-dimensional mission scenario. This study is carried out by analyzing the transfer problem in a systematic way, by considering both the sail characteristic acceleration and the Sun angle of the solar panels as the independent parameters that define the mission performance in terms of flight time. • This paper estimates the effects of control angle constraints on a solar sail optimal trajectory. • Transfers towards Mars and Venus are investigated in a circle-to-circle, two-dimensional mission scenario. • Different values of characteristic acceleration and maximum Sun angle are considered. • The conditions when the cone angle constraint is inactive are parametrically evaluated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Earth Space Elevator is an ingenious concept aimed at providing easy access to space, eliminating the need for rockets and potentially reducing drastically the launch costs. Technical advancements that could make the Space Elevator possible, among others, would be the availability of long carbon nanotubes or other super-strong and light material. This paper aims at addressing issues related with the stability of the system when the elevator is partially deployed starting from a nucleus in geostationary orbit (GEO). As noted by various authors, the energy increase needed to keep the orbital centre (where the gravity and centrifugal forces balance out) at GEO altitude during deployment while the tether is lengthened leads to an orbit with a positive orbital energy, i.e., the circular orbit has an energy level pertaining to a hyperbolic orbit. This situation leads to the instability of the unanchored system that would tend to escape from the geostationary orbit. The paper illustrates the change in orbital energy during assembly for a system made of a cylindrical tether and then investigate the stability of the coupled orbital and attitude motion in the orbital plane before anchoring. The analysis leads to the conclusion that the orbital motion instability ensues well before the orbital energy of the unperturbed system becomes positive. • Instability of Space Elevator unanchored to Earth for different tether lengths. • Use of variational equations of orbital and attitude motion perturbed from GEO. • Derivation of eigenvalues of the perturbed, coupled motion of the elevator. • Eigenvalues are related to the positions of centers of mass, gravity, momentum. • Option for passive stabilization of orbit is briefly analyzed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The immunization schedule recommended by the U.S. Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP) provides a structure for how 10 different vaccine series should be administered to children in the first 18 months of life. Progress toward US early childhood immunization goals has largely focused on measuring vaccination coverage at age 24 months. However, standard vaccination coverage measures do not reflect whether children received vaccine doses by recommended ages, or whether vaccines were given concomitantly, per the schedule. In this paper, we describe innovations in population-level measurement of immunization schedule adherence through quantifying vaccination timeliness and undervaccination patterns. Measuring vaccination timeliness involves comparing when children received vaccine doses relative to ACIP age recommendations. To assess undervaccination patterns, children's vaccination histories are analyzed to determine whether they were vaccinated consistent with the ACIP schedule. Some patterns, such as spreading out vaccines across visits, are indicative of parental hesitancy. Other patterns, such as starting all recommended series but missing doses, are largely indicative of other immunization services delivery challenges. Since 2003, at least 12 studies have used National Immunization Survey-Child, immunization information system, or integrated health plan data to measure vaccination timeliness or undervaccination patterns at national or state levels. Moving forward, these novel measures can be leveraged for population-based surveillance of vaccine confidence, and for distinguishing undervaccination due to parental vaccine hesitancy from undervaccination due to other causes. Broader adoption of these measures can facilitate identification of targeted strategies for improving timely and routine early childhood vaccination uptake across the United States. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We present an experiment to test different individual attitudes toward choice, such as preference for flexibility, choice aversion, betweenness and choice neutrality. Unlike other related experimental papers, we want to analyze whether different choice attitudes can coexist for the same subject, depending on the characteristics of the choice set she is facing. In particular, our main hypothesis is that the presence of incomparability among the alternatives in the choice set, and the time at which such incomparability is solved, affect crucially the kind of attitude towards choice that the subject will exhibit. We find that, indeed, choice attitudes are not homogeneous across choice sets, yet they are conditional on the preferences over the alternatives. We also find some evidence supporting that subjects tend to value heuristically sets as a whole. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper aims at developing a novel fast attitude maneuver framework for optical remote sensing satellites subject to multiple uncertainties and limited control energy. The proposed framework relies on a two-layer approach, where the first layer provides the agile attitude planning which enforces the satisfaction of the control energy constraint, whereas the second layer, named the special fast maneuver controller, ensures the high-precision attitude tracking by suitably manipulating the agile attitude planning information. In addition, a novel disturbance observer is introduced into the scenario to enhance the robustness of the proposed fast maneuver controller against multiple uncertainties. The uniform ultimate boundedness of the proposed method is analyzed rigorously with the Lyapunov theory. To demonstrate the effectiveness, the proposed method is applied to the fast attitude maneuver of both simulated and real Jilin-1 GaoFen-02 satellite, which shows excellent control performance despite multiple uncertainties and limited control energy. • Optical remote sensing satellites with faster maneuverability can observe more potential targets. • Multiple uncertainties and limited control energy are addressed by the fast attitude maneuver framework. • Bang-Coast-Bang-Smooth logic-based agile attitude planning enforces the satisfaction of the control energy constraints. • The smooth and accurate attitude control ensures the excellent imaging. • Consistent simulation and experimental results show the excellent control performance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Because control moment gyroscopes (CMGs) can generate a large torque compared to reaction wheels, they are used as actuators for attitude control of large spacecraft. However, when the number of Single-Gimbal CMG (SGCMG) units is five or less, there can be internal singularities that cannot generate torque around the desired direction. To construct a system that has no internal singularities, six or more SGCMGs are required, because an orthogonally arrayed, three scissored-pair CMG system has no internal singularities. Because CMG singularities are disruptive for attitude control, a great deal of effort has been devoted to overcoming the CMG singularity problem; the various designs include Variable-Speed CMGs (VSCMGs), Double-Gimbal CMGs (DGCMGs), and Double-Gimbal Variable-Speed CMGs (DGVSCMGs). However, these designs still have problems, such as a slow response to torque generation commands about the wheel axis in VSCMGs and DGVSCMGs, and difficulty in precise attitude tracking when perturbation torque is generated to avoid singularities. To overcome the problems of the traditional CMG configurations, this paper proposes a new CMG system configuration that we call the Double-Gimbal Scissored-pair CMG (DGSPCMG) system. Because the DGSPCMG system is a hybrid system combining a Scissored-Pair CMG and a DGCMG, the DGSPCMG system does not have internal singularities except at the origin and along the x -axis. Moreover, this system can recover from an internal singularity by null motion only, and from outer singularities (saturation singularities) by steering the scissored-pair gimbals only. Thus, generation of perturbation torque is unnecessary for recovering from singularities, and a precise attitude tracking maneuver can be more easily achieved. This paper presents a conceptual design of a DGSPCMG system and describes a steering control law for the proposed system. Furthermore, the validity of the proposed steering control law is demonstrated through numerical simulations and results of comparison experiments are shown to demonstrate the advantage of the DGSPCMG over a VSCMG. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• A contact detumbling strategy is developed with a spring contactor as the effector. • Contact position is optimally calculated to reduce the three-axis angular velocities. • Transverse impulse moment is taken as the objective function to damp the nutation. • Control method has certain robustness to the measurement and identification errors. Space debris detumbling technology can be an effective supplement to the direct capture capability of space robot for simplifying and completing the active debris removal mission. This paper focuses on the optimal contact control for space debris rotation eliminating and nutation damping. Firstly, the space debris attitude motion is analyzed. The space debris detumbling strategy is presented with a designed spring contactor as the detumbling tool. Then, the contact detumbling dynamic models are established, including the spacecraft dynamic models, the contact detection method and the contact force model. Furthermore, an optimal contact control method is developed in order to reduce the three-axis angular velocities of space debris and suppress the nutation at the same time. The stability of the control method is proved by using the Lyapunov argument and the condition for nutation convergence is analyzed. Finally, numerical simulations are carried out to verify the optimal contact control method proposed in this paper. The results illustrate that the control method is effective for space debris detumbling and has certain robustness to the measurement and identification errors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Experiences from SWH systems mandatory installation in China were summarized. • The interaction of seven stakeholders in SWH building application was analyzed. • Three key factors for the successful mandatory installation of SWH were summarized. • Recommendations were given for using the mandatory installation policy effectively. • The government should regularly evaluate the effectiveness of policy implementation. The paper summarizes the implementation experiences and lessons learned from the solar water heating (SWH) system mandatory installation policy in China. In-depth interviews, questionnaire surveys and field investigation were conducted to understand the prevailing attitudes of the stakeholders associated with the application of SWH in buildings. Scenario analysis was used to analyze the effect of expanding the coverage of mandatory installation policies. The results show that due to the strong market externalities of SWH building applications, the government must provide inducements to stakeholders through mandatory policies or fiscal incentives to create an impetus for them to use SWH extensively. For China, it is necessary to strengthen and support the utilization of renewable energy policies and extend the mandatory installation policy of SWH systems to taller buildings to fulfill the national renewable energy application goals. The most reasonable technical route, full process control, and attention to system operation and maintenance are the three key factors for the successful implementation of a mandatory installation policy for SWH systems. The policy recommendations presented in this paper can not only be applied to China but also other developing countries as well. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Achieving sufficient COVID-19 vaccination coverage has been hindered in many areas by vaccine hesitancy. Many studies based on large survey samples have characterized vaccine refusal, but there are fewer in-depth qualitative studies that explore hesitant adoption: the middle-ground between vaccine acceptance and refusal, and how individuals may move across this continuum depending on their lived experience. For this paper, we use the narratives of 25 adults living in off-road, predominately Alaska Native communities to describe the complex decision-making processes undertaken by ' hesitant adopters', defined in our study as those who completed their initial COVID-19 series despite reporting hesitancy. Interviewees' stories help illustrate how hesitant adopters' decision-making processes involved making sense of information through interactions with trusted individuals, lived experiences, observations, emotions, and personal motivations. For the majority of these hesitant adopters' (n = 20, 80%) interpersonal interactions were key in helping to make the decision to get vaccinated. Over half of the interviewees (n = 14, 56%) described how conversations with individuals they trusted, including healthcare providers, family, friends, and interactions through their professional network made them feel safe. One third of the hesitant adopters (n = 7, 28%) attributed their decision to get vaccinated based on the influence of Alaska Native Elders including their knowledge, personal experiences, as well as being motivated by the desire to protect them. Independent research was also important to about a quarter of hesitant adopters (n = 6, 24%), and for these interviewees it was the process of gathering information on their own and learning from others, especially healthcare providers who could answer their questions and alleviate their concerns. This paper illustrates the temporality of vaccine decision-making: vaccine acceptance for those who are hesitant may be an ongoing process that is influenced by personal experience, relationships, and context. • Understanding hesitant adoption provides insights into increasing vaccine acceptance • In remote Alaska, Elders may influence the decisions community members make • Images and conversations reinforced narratives of safety and efficacy • Agency in information-seeking increased vaccine confidence [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper explores social acceptance of different wood-based energy applications in the Great Lakes region in the Upper Midwest, USA. Specifically, the paper examines attitudes and perceptions towards residential wood burning, commercial-scale wood boilers for heat, combined heat and power (CHP) facilities, and industrial power generation in Michigan. In 2021, we conducted a state-wide survey (n = 207) and 30 semi-structured interviews with individuals representing different stakeholder perspectives, including regulatory agencies, biomass industry leaders, non-governmental organizations and scientists who have shaped biomass debates, forest products workers, and Michigan residents. Results suggest that the depth of an individual's knowledge about different types of wood energy applications generally led to more positive attitudes, particularly for smaller-scale uses of wood for heat. Despite perceived environmental, economic, and human health risks of using wood for different energy applications, across all stakeholder groups, 70% of respondents perceived environmental benefits, 61% perceived economic benefits, and 57% perceived health benefits. Changing economic and environmental conditions in different parts of the state contributed to people's attitudes toward different forms of wood energy and their perceptions of associated risks and benefits. A key recommendation of this study is that policy-makers and energy developers seek to understand the complex factors that influence social acceptance when planning for the adoption of new types of wood-based bioenergy technologies. • Perceptions of risks and benefits are critical to understanding social acceptance of wood-based bioenergy technologies. • Knowledge about wood-based energy technologies generally led to more favorable attitudes towards wood energy. • Residents who lived within 50 miles of a biomass facility did not necessarily have more knowledge about wood energy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The inclusion of attitudinal indicator variables within discrete choice models is now largely common practice. Typically, this involves the estimation of multiple indicator multiple cause (MIMIC) type models which are used to construct latent attitudinal variables that are then employed as independent variables within standard discrete choice models. Such models, collectively termed hybrid choice models (HCM) assume a particular causal relationship between the indicator variables, latent construct, and choice. In effect, the underlying assumption of such a model system is that latent variables of interest exist independent of the indicator variables used to measure them, and that the survey items used are reflective in nature insofar as responses to such questions reflect the underlying constructs. In this paper, we describe an alternative form of attitude measure, known as formative measures, where the items themselves are used to create the latent variable rather than the other way around. In addition to making a distinction between formative and reflective attitudinal measures, the paper seeks to describe how the HCM can be adapted to model different types of attitude question formats. Further the paper seeks to act as a catalyst for choice modellers to think more about the quality and validity of attitudinal items capture in survey questionnaires, by placing more emphasis on proper scale development techniques. • Instruments used to measure attitudes can be either formative or reflective in nature. • The type of measure used affects the causal direction of the relationship between the latent attitude and indicator variable. • Traditional hybrid choice models assumes reflective measures, and need to be modified to allow for formative measures. • The outputs from formative and reflective indicators differ, allowing for different policy analysis to be explored. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper studies the production decisions of a power plant with two different risk attitudes, in which the power plant faces the risks of uncertainty in renewable energy production, and two types of risk attitudes are considered, namely, risk neutrality and risk aversion. First, we construct the optimization models of a power plant with two different risk attitudes under the Feed-in-Tariffs (FIT) policy, and obtain the optimal outcomes by solving the models, including the optimal output and the expected profit. Then, by comparing the optimal outcomes under the two risk attitudes, we reveal the impacts of the different risk attitudes of power plants on their power production decisions. In addition, we also give an extended study to analyze the change from the FIT policy to the market-oriented Tradable Green Certificates (TGC) policy. The results show that the expected profit of the power plant decreases if it switches from risk-neutral to risk-averse, and the fossil energy output of the risk-neutral power plant is higher than that of the risk-averse power plant if the difference between the levelized costs of renewable energy and fossil energy exceeds a certain threshold. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Although the colonial era in Indonesia has ended, the legacy of conflict persists. Current conflicts between native and Chinese Indonesians has a colonial underpinning as well. The Dutch classified Chinese Indonesians as middle class, having higher status than natives which changed in the post-colonial era. This classification and the consequent status changes created competitive victimhood beliefs among both groups and impacted each other's perception, which evolved into stereotypes and persisting conflicts. This paper is based on an online survey study conducted among native and Chinese Indonesians (N = 656) who are divided by ethnicity, religion, language, and their different histories of collective victimhood but united by being part of the Indonesian nation. Using structural equation modeling, we hypothesized and found that exclusive victimhood and ethnic identity predicted higher, whereas Indonesian national identity predicted lower prejudice, and in turn, higher prejudice predicted lower support for reconciliation. These findings have theoretical implications for research on social identity and collective victimhood and practical consequences for understanding intergroup relations in multi-ethnic post-colonial contexts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]