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The ex vivo endothelialization of small diameter vascular prostheses can prolong their patency. Here, we demonstrate that heterotypic interactions between human adipose tissue-derived endothelial cells and perivascular cells can be exploited to accelerate the endothelialization of an electrospun ionomeric polyurethane scaffold. The scaffold was used to physically separate endothelial cells from perivascular cells to prevent their diffuse neo-intimal hyperplasia and spontaneous tubulogenesis, yet enable their paracrine cross-talk to accelerate the integration of the endothelial cells into a temporally stable endothelial lining of a continuous, elongated, and aligned morphology. Perivascular cells stimulated endothelial basement membrane protein production and suppressed their angiogenic and inflammatory activation to accelerate this biomimetic morphogenesis of the endothelium. These findings demonstrate the feasibility and underscore the value of exploiting heterotypic interactions between endothelial cells and perivascular cells for the fabrication of an endothelial lining intended for small diameter arterial reconstruction. Adipose tissue is an abundant, accessible, and uniquely dispensable source of endothelial cells and perivascular cells for vascular tissue engineering. While their spontaneous self-assembly into microvascular networks is routinely exploited for the vascularization of engineered tissues, it threatens the temporal stability of an endothelial lining intended for small diameter arterial reconstruction. Here, we demonstrate that an electrospun polyurethane scaffold can be used to physically separate endothelial cells from perivascular cells to prevent their spontaneous capillary morphogenesis, yet enable their cross-talk to promote the formation of a stable endothelium. Our findings demonstrate the feasibility of engineering an endothelial lining from human adipose tissue, poising it for the rapid ex vivo endothelialization of small diameter vascular prostheses in an autologous, patient-specific manner. [Display omitted] [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this study was to evaluate and compare the cytotoxicity of polyurethane and polyoxymethylene printable resins with conventional heat cure polymethyl methacrylate denture base resins. The study followed ISO-10993-5 guidelines. It comprised of three groups. Fifteen cuboidal samples measuring 10x10 × 10mm dimension were prepared for each group. The polymethylmethacrylate samples were fabricated using conventional denture processing techniques, while the polyoxymethylene samples were printed using fused deposition modeling and the polyurethane samples using stereolithography technique. Post fabrication the samples were evaluated for cytotoxicity using the MTT assay with the VERO cell line. The percentage of cell viability was calculated to determine the cytotoxic effects. Statistical analysis revealed a significant difference in the cell viability of the experimental groups (p ≤ 0.0001). The polyoxymethylene group showed the highest % cell viability (62.78 %), followed by the polymethylmethacrylate group (52.43 %), and the least was observed in the polyurethane-based resin group (46.47 %). The findings indicate polyoxymethylene group displayed least cytotoxicity, followed by polymethylmethacrylate, and polyurethane-based resin. Polyoxymethylene resin exhibited the minimum cytotoxic properties among the tested materials, followed by polymethylmethacrylate and polyurethane resin. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Three-dimensional (3D) printing of soft biomaterials facilitates the progress of personalized medicine. The development for different forms of 3D-printable biomaterials can promotes the potential manufacturing for artificial organs and provides biomaterials with the required properties. In this study, gelatin methacryloyl (GelMA) and dialdehyde-functionalized polyurethane (DFPU) were combined to create a double crosslinking system and develop 3D-printable GelMA-PU biodegradable hydrogel and cryogel. The GelMA-PU system demonstrates a combination of self-healing ability and 3D printability and provides two distinct forms of 3D-printable biomaterials with smart functions, high printing resolution, and biocompatibility. The hydrogel was printed into individual modules through an 80 µm or larger nozzle and further assembled into complex structures through adhesive and self-healing abilities, which could be stabilized by secondary photocrosslinking. The 3D-printed hydrogel was adhesive, light transmittable, and could embed a light emitting diode (LED). Furthermore, the hydrogel laden with human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) was successfully printed and showed cell proliferation. Meanwhile, 3D-printed cryogel was achieved by printing on a subzero temperature platform through a 210 µm nozzle. After secondary photocrosslinking and drying, the cryogel was deliverable through a 16-gage (1194 µm) syringe needle and can promote the proliferation of hMSCs. The GelMA-PU system extends the ink pool for 3D printing of biomaterials and has potential applications in tissue engineering scaffolds, minimally invasive surgery devices, and electronic wound dressings. The 3D-printable biomaterials developed in this work are GelMA-based ink with smart funcitons and have potentials for various customized medical applications. The synthesized GelMA-polyurethane double network hydrogel can be 3D-printed into individual modules (e.g., 11 × 11 × 5 mm3) through an 80 μm or larger size nozzle, which are then assembled into a taller structure over five times of the initial height by self-healing and secondary photocrosslinking. The hydrogel is adhesive, light transmittable, and biocompatible that can either carry human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) as bioink or embed a red light LED (620 nm) with potential applications in electronic skin dressing. Meanwhile, the 3D-printed highly compressible cryogel (e.g., 6 × 6 × 1 mm3) is deliverable by a 16-gage (1194 μm) syringe needle and supports the proliferation of hMSCs also. [Display omitted] [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] The outer shell of the bulletproof fabric is one of the important parts that help the shield in performing its function of protection in the best way. In this paper, there are two types of high-performance materials used as the outer shell and finished with knife coating with fluorocarbon and polyurethane coating to improve the performance of the two materials. Five laboratory tests were conducted for both materials to show their functional performance efficiency, the ballistic test was applied using two types of calibers 7.62x54MSC and 7.62x54API. A scanning electron microscope was conducted to show the coating effect on samples. Paired sample T-tests were used to show the differences between variables. An improvement was shown in the performance for both ballistic nylon and Cordura after treatment. Finally cordura is more durable, as it recorded the highest value in Puncture test and less damaged, while ballistic nylon recorded the highest value in the abrasion resistance after the same treatment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Wind energy has been regarded to be one of the renewable energies to rely on for the future. In tropical countries like India maintenance of wind turbine blades is a challenging task. Solid particle erosion is one of the root causes of wind turbine blade damage resulting in reduction in energy production. In the present study, in-house synthesized ceramic oxide nanoparticles such as Al 2 O 3 , ZrO 2 , and CeO 2 are used as fillers for reinforcement of water-based polyurethane (PU) coatings on glass fibre reinforced polymer (GFRP) substrates for solid particle erosion resistance for the first time. Al 2 O 3 , ZrO 2 , and CeO 2 nanoparticles have been prepared by solution combustion synthesis method using urea, glycine, and oxalyl dihydrazide, respectively, as fuels. These ceramic nanoparticles are found to crystallize in corundum, tetragonal, and cubic structures, respectively, as confirmed by X-ray diffraction studies. Field emission scanning electron microscopy shows the porous microstructure of the oxide products due to the release of gases in course of preparation. Transmission electron microscopy studies of these nanoparticles show corresponding lattice fringes in their high-resolution images. Observed Al–O, Zr–O, and Ce–O vibrational modes in Raman spectra confirm the formation of corresponding oxides. The oxidation states of Al, Zr, and Ce in the respective oxides are found to be +3, +4, and +4, respectively, as demonstrated by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The nanocomposite coatings consisting of PU and Al 2 O 3 , ZrO 2 , and CeO 2 nanoparticles have been developed by a simple spray method on GFRP substrates. The solid particle erosion resistance tests of coatings have been studied at varied concentrations of Al 2 O 3 , ZrO 2 , and CeO 2 nanoparticles at impinging angles of 30° and 90°. It has been observed that ZrO 2 , and CeO 2 nanoparticles-reinforced PU coatings show better solid particle erosion resistance compared to Al 2 O 3 -reinforced coating. Among different concentrations studied here, coatings with 15 wt% filler concentrations offer a relatively low erosion rate than the other concentrations at both impinging angles. However, GFRP substrate and PU coating are observed to show much higher erosion rate compared to nanoparticles reinforced PU coatings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Biological and mechanical cues are both vital for biomaterial aided tendon repair and regeneration. Here, we fabricated mechanically tendon-like (0 s UV) QHM polyurethane scaffolds (Q: Quadrol, H: Hexamethylene diisocyanate; M: Methacrylic anhydride) and immobilized them with Growth and differentiation factor-7 (GDF-7) to produce mechanically strong and tenogenic scaffolds. In this study, we assessed QHM polymer cytocompatibility, amenability to fibrin-coating, immobilization and persistence of GDF-7, and capability to support GDF-7-mediated tendon differentiation in vitro as well as in vivo in mouse subcutaneous and acute rat rotator cuff tendon resection models. Cytocompatibility studies showed that QHM facilitated cell attachment, proliferation, and viability. Fibrin-coating and GDF-7 retention studies showed that mechanically tendon-like 0 s UV QHM polymer could be immobilized with GDF-7 and retained the growth factor (GF) for at least 1-week ex vivo. In vitro differentiation studies showed that GDF-7 mediated bone marrow-derived human mesenchymal stem cell (hMSC) tendon-like differentiation on 0 s UV QHM. Subcutaneous implantation of GDF-7-immobilized, fibrin-coated, QHM polymer in mice for 2 weeks demonstrated de novo formation of tendon-like tissue while implantation of GDF-7-immobilized, fibrin-coated, QHM polymer in a rat acute rotator cuff resection injury model indicated tendon-like tissue formation in situ and the absence of heterotopic ossification. Together, our work demonstrates a promising synthetic scaffold with human tendon-like biomechanical attributes as well as immobilized tenogenic GDF-7 for tendon repair and regeneration. Biological activity and mechanical robustness are key features required for tendon-promoting biomaterials. While synthetic biomaterials can be mechanically robust, they often lack bioactivity. To biologically augment synthetic biomaterials, numerous drug and GF delivery strategies exist but the large tissue space within the shoulder is constantly flushed with saline during arthroscopic surgery, hindering efficacious controlled release of therapeutic molecules. Here, we coated QHM polymer (which exhibits human tendon-to-bone-like biomechanical attributes) with fibrin for GF binding. Unlike conventional drug delivery strategies, our approach utilizes immobilized GFs as opposed to released GFs for sustained, localized tissue regeneration. Our data demonstrated that GF immobilization can be broadly applied to synthetic biomaterials for enhancing bioactivity, and GDF-7-immobilized QHM exhibit high clinical translational potential for tendon repair. [Display omitted] [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study highlights the challenges and opportunities of Hydrothermal Liquefaction (HTL) of Cladophora glomerata. It suggests functionalized graphene oxide/polyurethane (F-GO-PU) composite as the promising metal-free catalysts for sustainable algae upgrading. The catalysts contained three types of functional groups, including methyl (-CH 3), vinyl (-CH=CH 2), and amine (-NH 2), and were completely analyzed by FTIR, XRD, and SEM-EDS in terms of functional groups, crystalline structure, morphology, and surface elemental distribution, respectively. The results showed that F-GO-PU catalysts efficiently suppressed side reactions that would generate non-desired chemicals. Functionalization with vinyl increased the yield of bio-crude oil by about 54% and showed high selectivity for hydrocarbons with a yield of 15.66 wt%. This catalytic activity was due to the existence of stable and accessible Brønsted acid sites plus the hybrid structure of the composite, which enhanced the accommodation of reaction intermediates on the surface of the catalyst. Thus, as-prepared F-GO-PU composites may hold great promise as metal-free active phase catalysts to develop algae transformation reactions. [Display omitted] • Multi-functional catalytic system based on graphene and polyurethane. • Effect of functional groups on the green algae bio-products. • Challenges and opportunities of Hydrothermal Liquefaction (HTL) of Cladophora glomerata. • Functionalization with vinyl increased the yield of bio-crude oil by about 54%. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Excessive use of polyurethane (PU) polymers has led contributed to serious environmental pollution. The plastic recycling technology using microorganisms and enzymes as catalysts offers a promising green and low-carbon approach for managing plastic waste. However, current methods for screening PU-degrading strains suffer from drawbacks such as being time-consuming and inefficient. Herein, we present a novel approach for screening PU-degrading microorganisms using a quenching fluorescent probe along with the fluorescence-activated droplet sorting (FADS). The FPAP could specifically recognize the 4,4′-methylenedianiline (MDA) derivates released from PU degradation, with fluorescence quenching as a response. Based on the approach, we successfully screen two PU-degrading strains (Burkholderia sp. W38 and Bacillus sp. C1). After 20 d of cultivation, strain W38 and C1 could degrade 41.58% and 31.45% of polyester-PU film, respectively. Additionally, three metabolites were identified during the degradation of PU monomer (2,4-toluene diamine, 2,4-TDA) and a proposed degradation pathway was established. Consequently, the fluorescence probe integrated with microfluidic droplet systems, demonstrates potential for the development of innovative PU-biocatalysts. Furthermore, the identification of the 2,4-TDA degradation pathway provides valuable insights that can propel advancements in the field of PU biodegradation. [Display omitted] • A novel approach for screening PU-degrading microorganisms using a quenching fluorescent probe along with the FADS. • Established a high-throughput screening method for PU-degrading microorganisms using a quenching fluorescence probe by microfluidic droplet system. • Two PU-degrading strains isolated were identified as Burkholderia sp. W38 and Bacillus sp. C1. • Three metabolites were identified during the degradation of 2,4-TDA and its degradation pathway was proposed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • Waterproof sensor with bionic rose wrinkle microstructure surface was designed. • The unique positive resistance effect broadens the working range. • Hydrophobic sensor can detect human motion signals in underwater and air environments. • Hydrophobic sensor exhibits excellent high-pressure and underwater anti-leakage performance. • Hydrophobic sensor enables multifunctional sensing performance for temperature and strain. Flexible ionic conducting elastomers are ideal electronic material for human–computer interaction and movement monitoring due to their high electrical conductivity and excellent stretchability. However, ionic-based flexible materials are susceptible to evaporation and leakage of ions in harsh environments and exhibit a negative resistance effect, limiting the application scenarios for electronic devices. Herein, an ionic-based conductive elastomer with high toughness and excellent hydrophobicity was fabricated based on the interaction system between fluorine-rich main segment and [EMIM]+ in the polyurethane backbone, a unique wrinkles structure is formed on the surface of the sensor. During the stretching process, wrinkles are gradually released and promote the movement of free ions, resulting in a significant positive resistance effect on the ionic-based conductive elastomers. Importantly, the cations captured by the polyurethane backbone are difficult to diffuse into the water interface, which is the key point to the underwater stabilization of ionic conductivity. It is believed that this flexible ionic-based sensor possesses broad application prospects in various applications such as wearable devices and human–computer interaction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In environments with high humidity or water exposure, the performance of polyurethane materials could be adversely affected by water and its penetration, which could compromise their long-term utility. The influence of water on polyurethane materials is affected by water transport and various factors. This article summarizes the factors affecting the water absorption of polyurethane, introduces research methods for water transport in polyurethane, analyzes the pathways of water transport, and reviews the influence of water on the mechanical properties of polyurethane and its composite materials. The ultimate goal of this paper is to furnish a comprehensive theoretical foundation and a valuable reference for the research and practical application of polyurethane materials in water environments. [Display omitted] • Polyurethane water absorption is influenced by multiple factors. • Summarized the research methods for water transport in polyurethane. • Analyzed the pathways of water transport in polyurethane. • Water significantly affects the mechanical properties of polyurethane. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this work polyurethane (PU) and phenolic foam (PF) panels were mechanically grinded and incorporated within an expanded polyurethane matrix utilized for thermal insulation, in order to reduce the use of virgin material and to promote a circular re-utilization of recycled materials. As observed by scanning electron microscopy, the formulations containing both recyclates showed a rather homogeneous cell structure, however their presence led to a strong reduction of the closed porosity. This reflected in a slight increase in the thermal conductivity, reaching maximum values of 0.030 W/m∙K in foams with 7.5%wt of PF particles. The introduction of the recyclates slightly improved the thermal stability of the PU foams and led to a general decrease in flexural and compression properties. Cone calorimetry tests demonstrated that the inclusion of PF particles reduced the peak heat release rate up to 28 % compared to neat PU foam, enhancing the fire safety of the insulating panels. • Mechanical recycling of PU and PF foams for the development of more eco-sustainable expanded polyurethane insulating panels. • Foams with homogeneous cell structure and notable thermal insulation capability. • Reduced combustion rates are observed for the foams containing recycled material. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Engineering vascularized tissues remains a promising approach for treating ischemic cardiovascular diseases. The availability of 3D-bioprinted vascular grafts that induce therapeutic angiogenesis can help avoid necrosis and excision of ischemic tissues. Here, using a combination of living cells and biodegradable hydrogels, we fabricated 3D-printed biocompatible proangiogenic patches from endothelial cell-laden photo-crosslinked gelatin (EC-PCG) bioink and smooth muscle cell-encapsulated polyurethane (SMC-PU) bioink. Implantation of 3D-bioprinted proangiogenic patches in a mouse model showed that EC-PCG served as an angiogenic capillary bed, whereas patterned SMC-PU increased the density of microvessels. Moreover, the assembled patterns between EC-PCG and SMC-PU induced the geometrically guided generation of microvessels with blood perfusion. In a rodent model of hindlimb ischemia, the vascular patches rescued blood flow to distal tissues, prevented toe/foot necrosis, promoted muscle remodeling, and increased the capillary density, thereby improving the heat-escape behavior of ischemic animals. Thus, our 3D-printed vascular cell-laden bioinks constitute efficient and scalable biomaterials that facilitate the engineering of vascular patches capable of directing therapeutic angiogenesis for treating ischemic vascular diseases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• A sustainable MDI synthesis process utilizing CO 2 has been developed. • The process includes innovative separation step and new catalytic system. • Process modeling and simulation have been completed. • Life cycle assessment has demonstrated environmental benefits over the commercial process. Polyurethane, a highly versatile and widely used polymer, has garnered significant interest as a candidate material for CO 2 incorporation to address climate change. Nevertheless, research into alternative production methods for isocyanate, a key monomer in polyurethane production, remains insufficient, despite the heavy reliance of the conventional approach on phosgene, a highly toxic material. This study proposes a sustainable process for synthesizing methylene diphenyl diisocyanate (MDI). The proposed process involves the production of syngas from CO 2 , followed by syngas separation via a hydrogenation reaction, oxidative carbonylation of amine to form dicarbamate, and subsequent thermal decomposition to yield MDI. The syngas separation via the hydrogenation reaction eliminates the need for an additional separation process by simultaneously separating reaction products and preparing a reactant for the subsequent step. Moreover, the introduction of a Pd/TiO 2 catalyst and a new reactant introduction strategy significantly reduces side reactions during oxidative carbonylation, thereby enhancing the overall yield. Process modeling and a life cycle assessment demonstrated substantial environmental advantages over the conventional MDI manufacturing process, highlighting the potential of this approach as a greener alternative. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The adhesion between heart and chest post-operation raises a significant challenge for the application of cardiac patches due to its severe influences on the recovery of heart function and increased risk of re-treatment. Anabatic inflammatory response and increased oxidative stress aggravate the damage to heart functions. Herein, a multi-functional cardiac patch was manufactured by successive electrospinning of two types of novel selenium-containing polyurethanes (PU), followed by click grafting of poly (ethylene glycol) (PEG) molecules on the top layer. This patch possessed dual-functions of postoperative anti-adhesion and anti-oxidative stress for efficient therapy post myocardial infarction (MI). The high redox reactivity of diselenium bonds were introduced into the main chains of PU, which reduced the level of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and modulated the inflammatory environment, alleviating the synechia formation simultaneously. The cardiac patch could effectively resist fibroblast adhesion, regulate the expression of vinculin and tissue-type plasminogen activator (t-PA), and inhibit the synechia formation. Meanwhile, it also restored significantly the heart function post MI by decreasing the local inflammation, facilitating less collagen formation, and improving cell signal transduction and angiogenesis. Collectively, this novel patch achieved anti-adhesion and therapeutic effect synergistically, bringing advancement in cardiac patch design and potential for translation of medicinal devices. A bi-layered nanofibrous membrane with synergistic anti-adhesion and anti-oxidation promotes cardiac repair post myocardial infarction (MI) in vivo. PEG-modified surface (top-layer) of the nanofibers resists adhesion of fibroblasts and thereby prevents postoperative adhesion, whereas the bottom layer consisting of diselenide nanofibers relieves the oxidative stress and thereby mediates the inflammatory microenvironment. [Display omitted] • Novel polyurethanes with a high density of Se in the backbone. • Grafting PEG on top surface and maintaining high Se in bottom-layer. • Dual-functions of antiadhesion and antiinflammation achieve good therapeutic effect. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The development of self-healing materials has enabled the production of more reliable and intelligent materials. However, resolving the conflict between mechanical strength and self-healing efficiency as well as limited repair options of the self-healing materials is still the most pressing scientific challenge. In this study, a self-healing polyurethane with multiple repair methods is prepared by introducing disulfide bonds into thermo-reversible imine bonds-based polyurethane. The resultant polyurethane exhibits impressive comprehensive mechanical properties and preeminent repair capabilities. More importantly, damages can be repaired through various routes such as room temperature, moderate temperature, hair dryer blowing, and ethylenediamine assistance treatments. The superior mechanical properties, repetitive self-healing performance, and multiple options for repair is attributed to the cooperation of thermally reversible imine and disulfide exchanges, thermal motion of molecular chains, and dissociation/regeneration of hydrogen bonds. So this research provides numerous ideal options for repairing cracks and other damages in materials used in construction industry under different usage environments. Consequently, high-quality repairs, improved efficiency, and extended service life of construction engineering materials can be ensured. [Display omitted] • A self-healing polyurethane with both disulfide and imine bonds is synthesized successfully. • The dual dynamic covalent structure endows polyurethane with excellent comprehensive mechanical properties. • The self-healing polyurethane exhibits high puncture-resistance and extremely high fracture energy. • The polyurethane reveals exceptional repetitive self-healing performance. • Damages presented in polyurethanes can be repaired by multiple routes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A novel gel polymer electrolyte (GPE) with polydopamine (PDA) modified thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) porous membranes as the matrix skeleton and N-methyl-N-methoxyethyl pyrrolidine bis (fluorosulfonyl) imine (Pyr 12O1 FSI) ionic liquid (IL) as the plasticizer is successfully demonstrated to be suitable for sodium ion batteries (SIBs). The GPE exhibits excellent heat resistance due to the non-flammability of Pyr 12O1 FSI. Moreover, Density Functional Theory (DFT) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) results indicate that there is a strong intermolecular interaction between PDA, TPU and IL, thus greatly improving the structural stability and mechanical properties of this GPE. In addition, the functional groups (-OH and –NH–) in PDA have strong hydrogen bonds with TFSI− in sodium bis (trifluoromethanesulfonyl) imide (NaTFSI), which can immobilize TFSI− anions and promote Na+ selective transport. Therefore, the ionic conductivity and Na+ transference number of the GPE-based SIBs are significantly increased to 3.57 × 10−4 S cm−1 and 0.34 at 30 °C. As a consequence, Na|TPU@PDA-IL GPE|Na symmetric cells exhibit an ultra-long cycle life for 1200 h at 0.1 mA cm−2. This work provides an approach to develop GPE for high safety and excellent electrochemical performance SIBs. • A polyurethane-pyr 12O1 FSI gel polymer electrolyte is modified by polydopamine. • Polydopamine facilitates to fix TFSI-of sodium salt, thereby promoting t Na+. • Pyr 12O1 FSI improves the security and reliability of the gel polymer electrolyte. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The rapid advancements in photodetector device technologies have captivated the optoelectronic industry owing to their strong features, such as wearability, stretchability, energy efficiency, scalability and cost-effectiveness. However, there is still scope for enhancement in device performance, reliability, and scalable fabrication. In this research work, we have proposed a novel strategy for fabricating stretchable ultraviolet (UV) photodetector (PD) on a polyethylene glycol solution-processed synthesis of MoS 2 -WO 3 /Ag composite-based nanocrystals onto a polyurethane (PU) substrate. Moreover, laser induced graphene (LIG) interdigitated electrode arrays for swift photogenerated charge extraction due to their high conductivity. The device displays high photoresponsivity, external quantum efficiency, and specific detectivity, measured at 6.84 A/W, 143 %, and 2.87×1011 Jones, respectively. Additionally, the device demonstrates a quick response time of 80 ms when exposed to 360 nm light, indicating its high speed. These essential advantages have a great potential for applications in real life and mass production. The integration of advanced materials and LIG electrodes enhances the device capability for next-generation stretchable, flexible and wearable electronic devices. • The study presents a scalable fabrication technique for the development of high-performance UV photodetectors (PDs) based on MoS2-WO3/Ag composite materials, offering a promising approach for large-scale production. • The PDs exhibit exceptional stretchability and flexibility, enabling them to maintain consistent performance even under significant mechanical strain, making them suitable for wearable and flexible electronics applications. • The fabricated PDs demonstrate remarkable performance parameters, including a high responsivity (R) of approximately 7 A/W, a detectivity (D*) of 2.87 × 1011 Jones, and an external quantum efficiency (EQE) of 143 %, underscoring their suitability for demanding UV sensing applications. • Notably, the PDs exhibit rapid response times, with a rise time (τr) of 0.08 s and a fall time (τf) of 0.7 s, facilitating swift detection and accurate measurement of UV light signals, essential for real-time sensing applications. • The study demonstrates the long-term stability of the PDs, with minimal degradation observed after exposure to environmental conditions for up to three months, highlighting their robustness and reliability for continuous operation in real-world settings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Polyphenols with programmable hydrogen bonding are introduced into PUEs. • Programmable heat-induced strengthening effect was addressed. • Programmable UV-induced strengthening effect was addressed. • Unique selective biocompatibility to diverse microorganisms was addressed. Polyurethane elastomers address important significance in a wide range of applications. The mechanical properties including strength and toughness are of great importance, which are closely related to their unique hydrogen bonding structure. Unfortunately, the poor designability of hydrogen bonding structure in existing polyurethane severely restricts the on-demand regulation of their properties. Herein, a facile, universal and efficient modifying strategy based on stimuli-responsive polyphenol aggregates was proposed. Through precisely manipulated heat-induced aggregate division and/or photo-induced interfacial hydrogen bonding upgrading, programmable strengthening and toughening effect on the derived polyurethane elastomers could be achieved with high precision. Typically, the tensile strength and toughness of our proposed polyurethane elastomers could be enhanced by 3.23 and 2.22 times comparing with neat samples, respectively. The relevant results were supported by various characterizations and mathematical modeling. In addition, our polyurethane exhibited unique selective biocompatibility, rapid self-healing capability and recyclability, which could fulfill varieties of functions. Our proposed modifying strategy by using polyphenol aggregates can not only programmatically optimize the comprehensive properties of polyurethane, but also inspire programmable regulation of polymer performance through programmable design of its certain microstructure in the future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The heavy metals and organic substances has deterioration of the ecosystem, resulting in serious environmental pollutions, thus urgent solutions need to be developed in treating these waste water problems. Functional compounds modified 3D polyurethane foams, with high surface to volume ratio has paid much attentions due to their high efficiency of absorption capability. In this study, polyethyleneimine (PEI) was used to incorporated into polyurethane foam (PUF) loaded with sodium carboxymethylcellulose (SCMC), resulting in a cross-linked, 3D interconnective porous polyurethane foam (PCPUF). The results of adsorption experiments demonstrated that PCPUF exhibited a strong adsorption capacity for both MO and Cd2+, with corresponding maximum adsorption capacity of 415.198 mg/g (at 328 K, pH 7) and 166.48 mg/g (at 343 K, pH 7), respectively. Furthermore, the results of cyclic adsorption experiments showed that the removal rates of MO and Cd2+ after five cycles are 90 % and 85 %, respectively, indicating that PCPUF has a good recyclability. Therefore, 3D porous polyurethane foams show promise as an effective adsorbent for removing metal ions and organic substances. [Display omitted] [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Polyurethane with fast self-healing capacity and excellent shape memory effect were synthesized. • The modulus and T g of polyurethane were regulated by the introduction of hindered phenols. • Smart skin-like wearable flexible photonic devices were prepared. • The flexible photonic device demonstrated superior stretchability and fast self-healing ability. Skin-like wearable devices have great potential in the era of intelligence. In addition to common electronic devices, flexible photonic devices are receiving ever-increasing attention, while intelligent features of devices such as self-healing are also requested. In this work, a smart skin-like wearable photonic device constructed by combining inorganic optical materials and self-healing polyurethanes is reported. Polyurethanes with skin-like modulus are synthesized by mixing chain extender, cross-linker, and hindered phenol AO-70, demonstrating fast self-healing capability (healing efficiency of 99 % within 2 min) and good shape memory effect (shape fixation rate of 90 %). A series of flexible photonic devices are prepared by depositing optical materials on polyurethane surfaces by physical vapor deposition (PVD), with a focus on a photonic device for 1064 nm laser protection. Notably, the device exhibits a spectral recovery rate of 91.76 % after 150 % strain and a spectral recovery rate of 98.13 % after healing in 2 min, indicating superior stretchability and fast self-healing ability. This work provides a new strategy for smart skin-like wearable flexible photonic devices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • The Cu2+ coordinated polyurethane (Cu-POU) with multiple functions were successfully prepared. • The Cu-POU is biocompatible, biodegradable, elastic and self-healing to meet the requirements of on-skin and implantable electronics and improve the stability and durability of resultant TENG. • The self-healing ability enables the assembly of an integrated TENG, as well as the preparation of sophisticated structure. Triboelectric nanogenerators (TENGs) have great potential as power sources for on-skin and implantable electronics. However, most existing TENGs are not suitable for the above applications due to limited material choices, often characterized by rigidity, susceptibility to damage, biological incompatibility, and non-biodegradability. Herein, we developed a simple self-healing assembly strategy based on introducing dynamic Cu(II)-dimethylglyoxime-urethane groups into a biocompatible and biodegradable polyurethane elastomer, to simultaneously address the above obstacles. The coordination of Cu2+ with dynamic bonds significantly enhanced the mechanical properties of elastomer, resulting in a modulus of 9.4 MPa and toughness of 40.2 MJ/m3. These bonds also gave the elastomer skin-like self-healing capabilities, achieving a healing efficiency of 77.5 % at 80 °C. Subsequently, a highly stretchable and integrated triboelectric nanogenerator (Cu-POU TENG) with self-healing capabilities was developed. The Cu-POU TENG with an effective area of 1.5 × 1.5 cm2 produced an open-circuit voltage of 38 V in single-electrode mode. The Cu-POU TENG could restore its original electrical properties through self-healing after mechanical damage. Furthermore, the Cu-POU TENG exhibited biocompatibility and biodegradability, making it suitable for on-skin and implantable electronics. Notably, the Cu-POU TENG maintained a stable voltage output throughout the degradation process. The integration of self-healing feature enabled a sophisticated structure, allowing the Cu-POU TENG to function effectively as a motion sensor for tracking body movement. This Cu-POU TENG holds great potential for applications in on-skin and implantable electronics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • A low-viscosity photosensitive resin system containing PU segments and PDMS segments was prepared. • The photosensitive resin systems had good 3D printing accuracy and the resultant cured photosensitive resin possess excellent flexibility and elasticity. • The flexible sensors prepared with photosensitive resin exhibit high signal sensitivity and stability. Flexible sensors show the wide range of applications in electronic products. However, challenges remain in developing sensors with internal complex construction, excellent flexibility, elasticity and strength. In this paper, a prepolymer (PU-PDMS-OH-HEMA) contain polyurethane (PU) segments and polysiloxane (PDMS) segments was synthesized, and the photosensitive resins with low viscosity for 3D printing were prepared by mixing prepolymers with diluents and photoinitiators. The resultant cured photosensitive resins showed the improved mechanical properties. The PDMS-OH-30 sample exhibit the excellent mechanical properties, with tensile strength and elongation at break of 10.03 MPa and 1046.15 %, respectively, and the resin viscosity of 62 cP. Conductive ionic liquids were added to the above photosensitive resins to prepare flexible sensors, which show the electrical sensitivity and stability. The findings in the work propose a contribution to the development of highly flexible 3D printing resins for fabricating flexible sensors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With the increasing production and use of polyurethanes (PUs), it is necessary to develop sustainable techniques for the remediation of plastic pollution. The use of microorganisms capable of biodegrading PUs may be an environmentally desirable solution for controlling these plastic contaminants. To contribute to the discovery of alternatives for the mitigation of plastics in the environment, this study aimed to explore the potential of Staphylococcus warneri UFV_01.21, isolated from the gut of Galleria mellonella larvae, for biodegradation of PU in pure culture and microbial co-culture with Serratia liquefaciens L135. S. warneri grew using Impranil® PU as the sole carbon source in pure culture and co-culture. With six days of incubation, the biodegradation of Impranil® in Luria Bertani broth was 96, 88 and 76%, while in minimal medium, it was 58, 54 and 42% for S. warneri , S. liquefaciens , and co-culture, respectively. In addition, S. warneri in pure culture or co-culture was able to biodegrade, adhere and form biofilms on the surfaces of Impranil® disks and poly[4,4′-methylenebis (phenyl isocyanate)-alt-1,4-butanediol/di(propylene glycol)/polycaprolactone] (PCLMDI) films. Scanning electron microscopy also revealed biodegradation by detecting the formation of cracks, furrows, pores, and roughness on the surfaces of inoculated PU, both with pure culture and microbial co-culture. This study is the first to demonstrate the potential of S. warneri in PU biodegradation. [Display omitted] • S. warneri isolated from the Galleria mellonella gut produces polyurethanase. • S. warneri in pure or co-culture adhere, and form biofilms on polyurethane films. • S. warneri has the potential to biodegrade commercial polyurethane. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The undesirable and inevitable adhesion of marine organisms on submerged surfaces has seriously affect the environment, economy and society, so emerging and promising strategies for antifouling are required. Here, the novel and environmental strategy of the antibacterial and antialgal materials was proposed for the application of the antifouling coating without releasing harmful substances. The environment-friendly antifouling agent, the capsaicin derivative N-(2,5-dihydroxy-4-acrylamide meth-ylbenzyl)acrylamide (PHABA), was modified to the molecular chain of the polyurethane. The best tensile strength was up to 23.5 MPa of PUP-25% and the elongation at break was 415% of PUP-25%. The excellent wear resistance (300 wear cycles) and chemical solution resistance (H 2 SO 4 , NaOH, and NaCl solutions) revealed the applicability of the coating. PHABA would migrate to the surface of the polyurethane coating with time and enhanced the antibacterial and antialgal properties of the coating. PUP-25% prevented more than 90% of bacterial and algal adhesion, indicating the potential application of the antifouling coating. [Display omitted] • Capsaicin derivative modified polyurethane coating was developed. • The modified polyurethane coating combined excellent mechanical properties and chemical solution resistance. • The coating had excellent antibacterial and algal resistance performance. • The antibacterial and algal resistance mechanisms of the coating were explored. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The perfume oil microcapsules are of considerable significance in personal care and household products due to their ability to control the targeted release of perfume oil under specific conditions, which enhances the longevity and overall performance of the product. In this study, double-shell perfume oil microcapsules were prepared using polyurea (PUA) and polyurethane (PU) as wall materials. The first PUA shell was formed at room temperature to encapsulate the perfume oil by adjusting the agitation speed, protective colloid concentration, and polymethylene polyphenyl isocyanate (PAPI) content. Subsequently, the second PU shell was formulated. Mechanical property analysis revealed that PU/PUA microcapsules exhibited superior characteristics, showing a threefold increase in mechanical strength compared to PUA microcapsules. Thermogravimetric analysis and dynamic release experiments in ethanol demonstrated that the PU/PUA microcapsules possessed higher thermal stability and greater compactness compared to the PUA microcapsules. Finally, by incorporating bacterial cellulose (BC) microgels and hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC) as stabilizing agents into the laundry detergent matrix (JJ), a stable suspension of PU/PUA microcapsules was achieved for over 180 days. [Display omitted] • Polyurethane (PU)/polyurea(PUA) double-shell microcapsules prepared successfully. • PU/PUA microcapsules are three times stronger mechanically than single-shell PUA ones. • PU/PUA microcapsules stably suspended in detergent mix for 180 days. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • Self-healing and recyclable thermosetting polyurethane composites (EPB) were synthesized through the Diels-Alder reaction. • The tensile strength of EPB with 0.5 wt% MBI is 54 MPa. • The recycled EPB can still maintain 93.3 % of its mechanical performance. • The V oc and I sc of the EPB-based TENG were 89 V and 3.6 μA, respectively. Improving the mechanical properties, self-healing capabilities, and recyclability of friction layer materials is crucial for the advancement of high-performance triboelectric nanogenerators (TENG). In this study, self-healing cross-linked polyurethanes were synthesized through the prepolymer technique, employing the Diels-Alder (D-A) reaction between the furan ring and Bismaleimide (BMI). The tensile strength of PU film with 10 wt% MBI is 54 MPa, and the shape recovery rate is 96.99 %. Moreover, it exhibits excellent self-healing and recyclable characteristics. Surface cracks can be healing within 10 min under heat, reshaped through hot pressing, while retaining 93.3 % of its mechanical properties. Additionally, the 2 cm × 2 cm area PU-based TENG can generate a short-circuit current, open-circuit voltage, transferred charge, and power density of 3.6 μA, 89 V, 29 nC, and 2.5 W/m2, respectively, at a frequency of 1 Hz. Futhermore, the self-healing efficiency of mechanical properties and the triboelectric output performances were found to reach 93.3 % and 98 %, respectively, after reprocessing. This study introduces a promising method for enhancing self-healing, shape memory characteristics, and the design of wearable TENG devices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • Imidazole-modified carboxygraphene was introduced into polyurethane coatings with disulfide bonds to successfully synthesize IAAC. • F-PUSS had outstanding anticorrosion function. • F-PUSS had excellent antibacterial and anti-algae functions. • F-PUSS showed distinguished self-healing function at 60 ℃. Marine corrosion and biofouling present significant challenges to maintaining maritime vessels and oceanic infrastructure. Developing coatings that integrate anti-fouling, anti-corrosion, and self-healing properties remains a critical issue. This study introduces imidazolium-modified carboxylated graphene (FCGO) into polyurethane coatings (F-PUSS) containing disulfide bonds to address this challenge. The incorporation of FCGO significantly enhances the mechanical properties of the coating, improving tensile stress by 40 % to 20.97 MPa. The barrier properties of FCGO also provide strong corrosion resistance, with |Z| 0.01Hz values an order of magnitude higher than the original samples, even after 15 days of immersion in sodium chloride (3.5 wt%). Additionally, F-PUSS retains corrosion resistance after repairs. The synergistic action of imidazole groups and graphene provides excellent antifouling performance with nearly to an alga rate of 100 % and an antimicrobial rate of 96 %. F-PUSS demonstrates remarkable self-healing capabilities, with a healing efficiency of 78 % after 48 h at 60 °C. This study provides valuable insights for designing multifunctional polymer materials with anti-fouling, anti-corrosion, and self-healing functions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, we present the development of advanced anticorrosive icephobic coatings tailored for AA2024-T3 surfaces. These coatings were engineered using polyurethane, incorporating fluoropolyol and isocyanate modified with hydroxyl-terminated silicone oil and fluoroalkyl polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane (F-POSS) particles. Surface characterization involved contact angle and sliding angle measurements, as well as atomic force microscopy. The icephobic efficacy was evaluated through a battery of tests including differential scanning calorimetry, delay of freezing time measurement, impact and non-impact ice adhesion measurement (push-off and centrifuge), and the ice accretion method. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy served to evaluate the anticorrosion performance of the coatings. The integration of silicone oil and F-POSS led to notable improvements in contact angles, increasing from 92° to 127°. The lowest sliding angle (6°) was obtained for the coating containing both silicone oil and F-POSS. Topographical images showed the essential role of F-POSS in providing a rough surface structure. The optimal coating formulation consisted of 10 wt% F-POSS particles and 5 wt% silicone oil, resulting in a water contact angle of 127°, a sliding angle of 9°, approximately 42 days of surface protection, and an impedance value of 4.8 × 108 Ω·cm2. Remarkably, this coating demonstrated exceptional durability in terms of icephobic properties, maintaining a push-off ice adhesion strength of 9.3 kPa even after 15 icing/de-icing cycles, confirming its desirable icephobic performance. [Display omitted] [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • Theranostic PU eso-sponge to palliate the negative effects of Endo-VAC therapy. • Novel theranostic implant free of radiofrequency and magnetic resonance NPs. • Bacteria killing efficacy synchronously detected and promoted by Raman sources. • A challenge methodology, affordable and reproducible. Herein, a facile approach toward converting a three-dimensional polyurethane sponge (PUS), employed in endoluminal vacuum-assisted closure (endo-VAC) therapies, in a theranostic material able to detect and to inhibit bacteria growth, has been reported. The endo-VAC PUS presented sensitivity to Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacterial species thanks to its functionalization with gold and silver antibacterial nanoparticles (NPs). PUS with chitosan-stabilized Au-NPs achieved 5.26 ± 0.17 logs and 2.78 ± 0.34 logs of reduction of bacteria growth, whereas the sponges functionalized with phenolated lignin Ag-NPs offered slightly inferior values (4.77 ± 0.36 logs and 2.03 ± 0.37 logs, respectively), against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus pathogens, respectively, after the application of photothermal ablation. The in vitro antimicrobial studies were contrasted with the in-situ monitoring of bacteria localization and inactivation with excitation lasers of 532 and 785 nm wavelengths, respectively, in the Raman equipment. The novel theranostic nano-enabled antimicrobial PU sponges offer unprecedented possibilities for the improvement of the endo-VAC treatments and extrapolation of the methodology to other plastic-based implants to combat antimicrobial resistances. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Polyaniline has been extensively used for the corrosion protection of polymeric materials. However, there have been few studies on its combined antimicrobial activity when used in combination with silver molybdate. In this study, we synthesized silver molybdate (Ag 2 MoO 4) crystals using a homogeneous precipitation method. Polyaniline-dodecylbenzenesulfonic acid/castor oil(PANI-DBSA/CO) mixtures were prepared in an encapsulated state by in situ polymerisation. Subsequently, PANI/Ag 2 MoO 4 -PU interpenetrating polymer network(IPN) composite coatings(P/A-PU) were produced by dispersing Ag 2 MoO 4 and PANI-DBSA/CO in polyurethane using ultrasonic dispersion. The composite coatings were characterized using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy(FTIR), X-ray diffraction analysis(XRD), and transmission electron microscopy(TEM). The study confirmed that composite coatings with uniformly dispersed nanoparticles of PANI and Ag 2 MoO 4 encapsulated by CO and epoxy resin E-44 grease exhibit improved physico-mechanical characteristics. The research also evaluated the effect of nanoparticles on the corrosion behaviour of the coatings using electrochemical impedance spectroscopy and kinetic potential polarisation experiments. The study investigated the antimicrobial properties of P/A-PU composite coatings on Escherichia coli(E.coli) and Staphylococcus aureus(S.aureus) by conducting bacterial growth curves, protein leakage, and fluorescence staining experiments. The aim was to establish a causal connection between the coated surfaces and the observed antimicrobial properties. The study demonstrated that incorporating IPN of polyaniline polyurethane into the coating composites improved their anticorrosive properties. Furthermore, the addition of silver molybdate at a mass ratio of 0.3 % resulted in a remarkable 99 % antimicrobial activity against E.coli and S.aureus. [Display omitted] [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Rebiopolyols – new components. • New products characterized by a lower carbon footprint. • Chemolysis of polyurethane biofoams. • Polyurethane systems in which 100 % of the petrochemical polyol was replaced with new repolyols. The primary goal of the research presented here was to evaluate the possibility of chemolysis of polyurethane biofoams synthesized from vegetable oil-based biopolyols with different chemical structures. As a reference material, a foam synthesized in 100 % from a petrochemical polyol was used. Chemolysis of polyurethane foams was conducted by using diethylene glycol as a solvent with a 1.5:1 wt ratio of biopolyurethane scraps to glycol. The reaction was carried out at 180 °C for 100 min in the presence of potassium hydroxide as a catalyst. The results of the chemolysis of different polyurethane foams were evaluated in terms of the hydroxyl number, amine value, viscosity, molecular weight and FTIR analysis of the new rebiopolyols. It can be concluded that the chemical structures of different biopolyols (obtained through the method of transesterification of vegetable oils with two different reagents and a two-step method of epoxidation and oxirane rings opening) that are used to make biopolyurethane foams have an impact on the course of the chemolysis process and the properties of resultant rebiopolyols. In order to verify the application possibilities of the new components obtained in accordance with the idea of circular economy, extreme conditions were applied in the form of complete replacement of the polyol in the reference foam with the rebiopolyols. It was found that replacing the petrochemical polyol with the repolyol results in partial cell opening, and replacing this component with the rebiopolyols results in open-cell foams. Only the rebiopolyol derived from the biofoam with the biopolyol obtained by transesterification of oil with triethanolamine was not suitable for use in a polyurethane system because its reactivity was too high. In conclusion, there is no need to use catalysts to obtain new biofoams from rebiopolyols given the catalytic nature of the new biocomponents. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • A super strong DAPU with efficient self-healing enabled by partially mixing reversible DA bonds was synthesized. • The tensile strength of DAPU reached up to 65 MPa and the elongation at break up to 1053 % with the toughness of 216 MJ/m3. • The self-healing process was completely healed in 2 h at 110 °C and the self-healing degree reached 95 %. The reversible chain extender Diels-Alder-diol (DA-diol) containing thermally dissociable Diels-Alder adducts (DA adducts) was synthesized and combined with 1,4-butanediol (BDO) as complexed chain extenders used for preparing a transparent polyurethane elastomer (DAPU) with high mechanical strength and efficient self-healing ability by partially mixing reversible hard domains. The optimal DAPU occupies a desired high tensile strength of 65 MPa, and its elongation at break and toughness are of 1050 % and 216 MJ·m−3, respectively. Meanwhile, the DAPU-0.2 elastomer heals at 110 °C for 2 h with a healing efficiency of 95 %. The desirable mechanical strength and efficient self-healing ability are attributing to the BDO chain extended hard segments ensure the high strength at room temperature, while DA-diol chain extended hard segments endow the as-prepared DAPUs with self-healing ability at an elevated temperature. This work overall points to a strategy in designing self-healing polyurethane elastomers with markedly improved mechanical strength and efficient self-healing ability by partially mixing reversible hard domains. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • High mechanical strength and toughness polyurethane-based thermally conductive composite was prepared. • Mechanical and thermal property are notably affected by the isocyanate index. • Composite with an isocyanate index of 1 exhibited the exceptional comprehensive property performance. • Mixed failure mode obtained the highest tensile lap-shear strength. New requirements for thermal interface materials to combine both mechanical properties and heat dissipation have been proposed by long cruising range and lightweight cell-to-pack (CTP) battery system. Here we report an environment-friendly thermally conductive composite based on polyurethane (PU) as the matrix and alumina (Al 2 O 3) as the thermally conductive filler, which presented all of the thermally conductive, notable mechanical strength and toughness, and electrical insulation with a thermal conductivity of 0.84 W/(m·K), a tensile strength of 8.09 MPa, an elongation at break of 117.51 %, and a volume resistivity of 4.3 × 1014 Ω·cm. Aluminum alloy 5052 adherends were used to manufacture the single-lap joints (SLJs) of composites with different isocyanate indices, and the single-lap shear test was used to investigate the tensile lap-shear strengths and failure modes of the joints. A critical discussion was conducted regarding the relationship between the isocyanate index (R index) and the bonding mechanism. It was found that changing the isocyanate index under the premise of fixed hard segment content enhanced the lap-shear strength of joints from 4.49 MPa to 8.24 MPa. Meanwhile, the failure mode transitioned from the adhesive failure mode to the adhesive/cohesive mixed failure mode, and then to the cohesive failure mode. Hence, the present study sheds light on the rational design of thermally conductive composites to promote the multi-functionality of thermal management applications in the new energy vehicle battery domains. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Oil spills and industrial oily wastewater during petroleum and chemical production and transportation have caused serious damage to water resources and the environment. Therefore, it is of great significance to develop new materials and new methods for oil pollution control. Recently, polyurethane (PU) polymers have been proven to be promising candidates for the fabrication of superhydrophobic and superoleophilic materials for oil–water separation due to their low cost, strong absorptive capacity, good elasticity, and ease of large-scale manufacturing. In this review, we summarize the recent advances of superhydrophobic PU-based materials for oil–water separation. The synthesis methods of porous PU based two-dimensional (2D) membrane and three-dimensional (3D) foam are introduced. Furthermore, the strategies of modifying the PU-based foam to enhance its superhydrophobicity through the synergistic effect of increasing surface roughness and reducing surface energy are highlighted, which greatly promotes its application in oil–water separation. Finally, the common methods for the recycling of oil-absorbing materials are discussed. This work has important reference significance for PU-based materials in solving oil pollution. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Poly (ethylene oxide) (PEO)-based solid polymer electrolytes (SPEs) are restricted in commercial applications due to the low ionic conductivity at ambient temperature and fragile mechanical properties. Polyurethanes (PUs) are unique materials coupled with superior rigidity and flexibility. Herein, we designed a novel polyurethane polymer of intrinsic microporosity (PPU), which was incorporated with PEO-based polymer electrolyte to prepare composite polymer electrolyte (CPE). The physicochemical and electrochemical properties of CPE membranes were explored. The high ionic conductivity (1.82 × 10−3 S cm−1 at 50 °C) and superior interfacial stability with the lithium anode was obtained. Furthermore, the rate performances and the cycling properties of CPE in LiFePO 4 (LFP) batteries were extensively studied. The CPE-15% PPU film showed the excellent electrochemical stability of 84.3% capacity retention after 890 cycles at 0.5 C and 82.4% capacity retention after 500 cycles at 1.0 C at 50 °C. Especially, the CPE matched with high-voltage LiNi 0.5 Co 0.2 Mn 0.3 O 2 (NCM523) cathode delivered long-term stable cycling performances. The novel polymer electrolyte acquired could open up a new horizon to achieve high stable lithium metal batteries. [Display omitted] • A novel polyurethane polymer of intrinsic microporosity (PPU) is designed. • The PEO-based composite polymer electrolyte (CPE) mixed with PPU is fabricated. • The stable electrode-electrolyte interface is achieved. • The CPE owns superior cycling performance under high-voltage atmosphere. • The Li metal battery equipped with CPE exhibits a long-term cycling stability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A bio-based and sweat-resistant polyurethane was designed for iontronic skin. With the incorporation of a stress concentration layer and serpentine-shaped electrodes, we achieved an iontronic skin with outstanding sensitivity, stability, and portability. This technology enables precise monitoring of respiratory states in CSA, potentially mitigating complications such as sudden death. [Display omitted] • This bio-based polyurethane integrated ion-trapping, biocompatibility and sweat-resistant functionalities. • The trap-release effect coupled with stress-concentration structure significantly enhances the sensitivity. • This iontronic skin could monitor various respiratory states to prevent sudden death. Central Sleep Apnea (CSA) is characterized by respiratory pauses during sleep, posing risks like cardiovascular diseases, stroke and sudden death. The challenges in managing it arise from the current monitoring tools, which are often complicated and inaccurate. Furthermore, respiratory pauses leading to decreased blood oxygen can induce profuse sweating, further affecting accuracy. Herein, we have synthesized a bio-based, biocompatible and sweat-resistant polyurethane. By utilizing it as the matrix, we incorporated [BMIM]+[PF 6 ]− to fabricate a markedly sensitive dielectric material, termed i-DFPU. The fluorine groups in i-DFPU contributed to a trap-release effect for migratable ions, while the alkyl side chains provided smooth ion migration channels, endowing i-DFPU with exceptional sensitivity. In combination with a stress concentration layer and serpentine-shaped electrodes, the resultant iontronic skin exhibited a remarkable sensitivity up to 132.2 kPa−1, operational stability and portability. Consequently, it could accurately monitor various respiratory states in CSA, potentially preventing complications such as sudden death. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Long hard segment was constructed with ultrahigh thermal stability and cohesive energy. • Mechanical tough polyurethane with PDMS as the solely soft segment. • The resulted polyurethane was biocompatible and resistant to platelet adhesion. • Self-healing was realized in air, water and blood at ambient temperatures. Intravascular medical devices, like catheter, not only need to fulfill the challenge of biocompatibility but also be resistant to cracking or even breakage due to blood flushing and corrosion. Here, we synthesized polyurethanes with long hard segment for higher mechanical strength and effective self-healing in blood. In detail, Bis(trifluoromethyl)benzidine (TFMB) and dynamically linked 4-Aminophenyl disulfide (APS), and mixed diisocyanates of diisothiocyanate (PDITC) and hexamethylene diisocyanate (HMDI) were chosen to construct the long hard segment, which possesses hydrophobicity, dynamical bonds and a super strong hydrogen bonding interaction. For a selected sample, PU-4, which benefited from multi-hydrogen bonding, the degree of hydrogen bonding association kept as high as ∼ 97 % from 30 to 70 °C, and rheological testing proved that the hard domain and physical network are still stable at ∼ 115 °C. On the other hand, the surface content of Si is as high as 40 wt%, which not only endows the polymer with hydrophobicity but also a bioinert and antithrombotic surface. Consequently, the PU-4 showed a hemolysis rate of 0.4 %, an activated partial thromboplastin time of 50 s and free of platelet adhesion. By successfully screening complicate protein and ionic interactions with polymer chains, the self-healing of PU-4 in blood at 35 °C was realized, with mechanical strength recoverability up to 82 %. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Addition of lignin as hard segment enhanced the physicomechanical properties of TPUs. • Lignin grafting of PCL enhanced the melt strength and foamability of TPUs. • Lignin hard segments in lieu of crosslinking provided shape memory while maintaining compostability. • The shape memory and foamable materials supported cell adhesion and growth for biomaterials. Biodegradable shape memory poly(e-caprolactone) (PCL)-based polyurethane (PU) have garnered substantial attention in biomedical applications, due to their unique properties that can recover their original shapes when exposed to temperature stimulus close to body temperature (∼35 °C). This study entails an in situ one-pot synthesis of a compostable shape memory PU system that uses PCL as soft chain segments, 1,4-butanediol (BDO) and glycerol (GLY) as chain extenders, which was then grafted with lignin hard segment and/or crosslinking nodes. The addition of renewable and sustainable lignin not only enhanced the mechanical properties of the PU, but also improved the resulting shape memory effects by increasing the shape fixing and recovery ratio. In PCL system containing BDO (PCL-BDO), 5 wt% lignin loading yields shape fixity and shape recovery ratios of 93.2 % and 81.4 %, respectively. Similarly, 5 wt% lignin in PCL systems containing GLY (PCL-GLY exhibited high shape fixity (64.4 %) and shape recovery ratio (81.4 %), respectively. Rheological characterizations showed strong evidence that the melt strength of both the PCL-BDO and PCL-GLY increased with the presence of lignin, which directly improved the physical foaming capabilities of PCL-based PU. The biocompatibility assessment also showed that the developed shape memory PCL-lignin based PU were not cytotoxic and capable of supporting cell adhesion and cell growth. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Gene therapy is considered to be a valuable strategy for effective cancer treatment. However, the development of effective delivery systems that can specifically deliver gene materials, such as siRNA to tumor tissues plays a critical role in cancer therapy. In the present study, we have developed a novel complex that is based on an electrostatic interaction between cationic polyurethane ionene (CPUI) nanoparticles and an anti-signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) siRNA. For active targeting, hyaluronic acid (HA) was used to coat the complexes, which significantly reduced the cytotoxicity of the blank nanocarriers while demonstrating high transport efficiency of the siRNA via the CD44-mediated endocytosis pathway in MCF-7 breast cancer cells. The targeted nanocarriers (HA/CPUI/siRNA) showed significantly higher cellular internalization in flow cytometry and confocal microscopy compared with the non-targeted system (CPUI/siRNA). In addition, the incorporation of HA on the surface of the complexes resulted in significantly greater suppression of the STAT3 gene compared to the corresponding non-targeted formulation. Whole-body fluorescence images showed more significant tumor accumulation of the targeted nanocarriers in 4T1 breast tumor-bearing mice. Therefore, HA/CPUI/siRNA nanocarriers are an interesting option for the siRNA-targeted treatment of breast cancer cells. [Display omitted] • Novel gene delivery system based on cationic polyurethane ionene (CPUI) nanoparticles, for breast cancer treatment. • A complex utilizing electrostatic interaction between CPUI nanoparticles and siRNA. • For active targeting, hyaluronic acid (HA) was used for coating of the complexes. • Cellular uptake, cytotoxicity, and suppression of the STAT3 gene were enhanced for the targeted nanocarriers. • Whole-body fluorescence images showed more significant tumor accumulation of the targeted nanocarriers in vivo. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Although there are many hemostatic agents available for use on the battlefield, uncontrolled hemorrhage is still the primary cause of preventable death. Current hemostatic dressings include QuikClot® Combat Gauze (QCCG) and XStat®, which have inadequate success in reducing mortality. To address this need, a new hemostatic material was developed using shape memory polymer (SMP) foams, which demonstrate biocompatibility, rapid clotting, and shape recovery to fill the wound site. SMP foam hemostatic efficacy was examined in a lethal, noncompressible porcine liver injury model over 6 h following injury. Wounds were packed with SMP foams, XStat, or QCCG and compared in terms of time to bleeding cessation, total blood loss, and animal survival. The hemostatic material properties and in vitro blood interactions were also characterized. SMP foams decreased blood loss and active bleeding time in comparison with XStat and QCCG. Most importantly, SMP foams increased the 6 h survival rate by 50% and 37% (vs. XStat and QCCG, respectively) with significant increases in survival times. Based upon in vitro characterizations, this result is attributed to the low stiffness and shape filling capabilities of SMP foams. This study demonstrates that SMP foams have promise for improving upon current clinically available hemostatic dressings and that hemostatic material properties are important to consider in designing devices for noncompressible bleeding control. Uncontrolled hemorrhage is the leading cause of preventable death on the battlefield, and it accounts for approximately 1.5 million deaths each year. New biomaterials are required for improved hemorrhage control, particularly in noncompressible wounds in the torso. Here, we compared shape memory polymer (SMP) foams with two clinical dressings, QuikClot Combat Gauze and XStat, in a pig model of lethal liver injury. SMP foam treatment reduced bleeding times and blood loss and significantly improved animal survival. After further material characterization, we determined that the improved outcomes with SMP foams are likely due to their low stiffness and controlled shape change after implantation, which enabled their delivery to the liver injuries without inducing further wound tearing. Overall, SMP foams provide a promising option for hemorrhage control. [Display omitted] [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this study is to report the mid-term follow-up results of a prospective cohort of patients who underwent a polyurethane (PU) meniscal scaffold implantation for post meniscectomy syndrome (PMS), without limb realignment procedures. Prospective study in patients with PU meniscal scaffolds implanted during 2014–2016. Limb realignment procedures excluded. Clinical outcomes were prospectively evaluated pre-operatively and every year post-operatively using patient-reported outcome scores (KOOS, VAS, Lysholm and IKDC). Post-operative radiologic evaluation was done using 3.0 T magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Meniscal scaffold extrusion, signal intensity, tibio-femoral cartilage degeneration progression and complications were analyzed. Fourteen patients with an average age of 25.8 years (range: 17–47) received a PU scaffold (8 lateral and 6 medial). Associated procedures were done in all patients, with an osteochondral allograft transplantation (OAT) being the most common. Mean follow up was 51.6 (range: 39–66) months. Post-operative mean clinical outcomes scores showed significantly improved results compared to the pre-operative scores. Lysholm scores increased from 62.4 to 80.2 (P = 0.0023), KOOS from 68.9 to 80 (P = 0.0083) and VAS for pain decreased from 5.3 to 3.1 (P = 0.0024). Average post-operative IKDC score was 67.7. There were 8 cases of complete extrusion (>3 mm). The mean extrusion value was 4.0 mm (range: 3–6 mm). Three patients showed signs of a ruptured meniscal scaffold. One patient showed progression of the cartilage degenerative process. The use of a PU scaffold, associated with other surgical procedures in the knee, especially chondral repair, had a significant improvement in clinical outcomes compared to the baseline status, at an average of 51.6 months follow-up in patients suffering from PMS. Although imaging results show a high proportion of implant extrusion, this does not appear to imply a worsening in clinical outcomes in the short term. IV. Case series. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • A self-healing and conductive polyurethane was constructed based on coordination interactions. • The polyurethane displayed well fatigue resistance and recyclability. • The polyurethane indicated fast response and stable sensing to varied human motions. Polyurethane elastomers were considered as an ideal material for flexible devices. However, the application of polyurethane elastomers was still largely limited by the disadvantages of poor self-healing property and low conductivity. In this work, a self-healing polyurethane with adjustable mechanical performances was constructed via the introduction of reversible dynamic interactions in the polyurethane matrix, such as metal ion-tripyridine coordinations, disulfide bonds and hydrogen bonds. And lithium salt was incorporated into the polyurethane to achieve ionic conductivity. The obtained polyurethane exhibited adjustable breaking strength with a range of 0.77 ∼ 10.75 MPa, breaking elongation in the range of 1719 ∼ 1863 %, and conductivity in the range of 0.08 ∼ 1.57 × 10−3 S/m by adding different LiTFSI (5 ∼ 35 wt%) into the polyurethane. In addition, the polyurethane displayed efficient self-healing behavior, well fatigue resistance, and recyclability. Also, the polyurethane showed great application prospects as flexible sensors by performing stable and sensitive responses to a wide range of human body movements. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Long-term usage can induce cracks on the surface or inside the polyurethane (PU) and cause fatigue damage, thus reducing the performance and lifetime of PU. It is therefore of great practical importance to impart fatigue resistance and self-healing ability to PU. However, the conventional covalent cross-linked network design with irreversible and rigid properties limits their fatigue resistance. Here, we have designed a highly ductile, fatigue-resistant and self-healing PU enabled by the synergistic effect of covalent network topology, dynamic reversible disulfide bonds and multiple hydrogen bond stacking. This judicious design yields excellent mechanical properties such as high tensile strength (7.38 MPa), high elongation at break (1159%) and high toughness (42.91 MJ·m−3). Notably, the PU successfully combines fatigue resistance with self-healing behavior. During 1000 cycles of stretch-release processes at 100% strain, the stress retention of the PU almost unchanged. Moreover, the PU achieves a high self-healing efficiency of 98% after self-healing at 80 ℃ for 2 h. The above-mentioned superiority enables the PU-based strain sensors to have a timely and stable output signal as well as excellent self-healing performance. Such a judicious strategy will facilitate the practical application of durable flexible electronics. [Display omitted] • The irreversibility of the covalent network structure is effectively eliminated. • Designed PU balances fatigue resistance properties and self-healing properties. • Stress retention of PU elastomers remains unchanged after 1000 cycles of stretching. • Fully-damaged CNTs/PU sensor can remain in operation after repair. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To meet the non-removable application scenarios of most integrated electronics, the development of polymer-based packaging materials possessing superior thermal conductivity and self-healing characteristics simultaneously is necessary. However, on account of the complexity of composite structure and composition, its self-heal remains a formidable challenge. Herein, we have designed a self-healing and thermally conductive bi-functional polyurethane composites with Diels-Alder structure (PUDA) and silver nanowires (AgNWs). The hydrogen-bonding network at the interface of AgNWs and PUDA facilitated the dispersion of AgNWs in the matrix, which endows the composites with desirable thermal conductivity. Incorporating 3, 6, 9, 12, and 15 wt% of AgNWs into PUDA leads to increases in thermal conductivity of 33%, 104%, 154%, 321%, and 371%, respectively. In particular, the novel composites incorporated 12 wt% AgNWs exhibited the most efficient balance between self-healing efficiency and thermal conductivity performance. The thermal conductivity of PUDA/AgNWs with 12% of AgNWs content is 1.01 W/mK, which is 4.8 times that of PUDA (0.21 W/mK). After two reconstitution cycles, the thermal conductivity of PUDA/AgNWs-12 was restored to 85%. This study demonstrates the successful preparation of composites possessing both desirable thermal conductivity and self-healing capabilities, rendering them suitable for use as thermal interface materials in thermal management systems and flexible electronics applications. [Display omitted] [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

3 wt% mini-sized graphene filled polyurethane exhibits improved 81% tensile strength and 126.7% modulus at an elongation of 605%, and 17 times thermal conductivity (4.24 W/m·K) over PU. There exist more hydrogen bonds and improved microphase separation of hard and soft segments for the reinforcement of polyurethane by mini-sized graphene. [Display omitted] • Graphene filler features small sheet size (300 × 400 nm) and low defects. • 3 wt% graphene filling polyurethane was optimized. • Improved 81% tensile strength, 126.7% modulus and 17 times thermal conductivity. • The reinforcement results from promoted microphase separation and hydrogen bonds. Graphene filler can improve certain properties of a polymer, but often compromises others, partially because it is difficult to control graphene size and dispersion at high content in polymer matrix. In this work, we present that mini-sized sheet sizes (300 × 400 nm) of graphene microsheets (mG) up to 7 wt% are filled in polyurethane (PU) reaching improved performances including mechanical properties (tensile strength, modulus, shape memory), electrical conductivity, thermal conductivity, thermal stability and flame retardance. The filling of 3 wt% mG in PU involves the enhancements of 81 % tensile strength (41.6 MPa at the elongation at break of 605 %), 126.7 % of modulus, 17 times of thermal conductivity (4.24 W/m·K) and 50℃ of thermal stability over net PU. The extensive characterizations disclose that hydrogen bonds strengthened and microphase separation promoted in the PU composite with the filling of the planar shape, hydrophilic edge and low defects of small graphene microsheets. This investigation presents a great potential of extending polymer materials with the filler of graphene microsheets derived from microcrystalline graphite minerals. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Polymers are inevitably subject to mechanical damages during molding, processing, and application. Self-healing of internal and surface damage in polymers can be achieved by endowing the materials with room-temperature self-healing functions. This improvement significantly eliminates safety risks caused by material damage, enhances the safety, stability, and service life of polymer materials, facilitates the realization of sustainable resource development, and aligns with the concept of "low carbon". Room-temperature self-healing materials mainly rely on motility of molecular chain segments and dynamical equilibration of forces acting within the system. However, there have been few reports of polyurethane elastomers with high strength and high self-healing efficiency. In this paper, PUIPBD polyurethane elastomers were prepared by the chemical reacting of polytetrahydrofurandiol PTMEG-2000, isophorone diisocyanate IPDI, 1,4-butanediol (BDO) with 4,4′-dihydroxydiphenyl disulfide (DHDDS) as monomers. It was found that the self-healing efficiency of the synthesized polyurethane elastomer series was very high after 48 h of self-healing at 25 °C, all of which exceeded 79 %, and the tensile strength, elongation and fracture toughness of best performing elastomer PU 90/10 could reach 89.8 %, 99.9 %, and 95.6 %, respectively after 48 h of self-heal at room temperature, showing good simultaneous room temperature self-healing efficiency. [Display omitted] • Realize the sustainable development of resources and implement the concept of "low carbon". • Showing excellent simultaneous room temperature self-healing efficiency after 48 h of self-healing at 25 °C. • Aromatic disulfide introduces hierarchical H-bonds and loosely-stacked hard domains. • The disulfide bonds and hydrogen bonds synergistic effect and mechanism are revealed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Polyethylene oxide, as one of the most common polymers, has been extensively studied for solid-state polymer electrolytes. However, its poor mechanical properties and low ionic conductivity severely limit its application. Herein, a series of double dynamic self-healing polyurethane polymer electrolyte (PUSPE-X) with hydrogen bonds and dynamic urea bonds was prepared by a simple polycondensation reaction. The constructed network exhibits excellent mechanical properties, strong self-healing and good shape memory properties. Benefiting from the oxygens in the PEG segment and the nitrogen atom in the imide (–NH–) group simultaneously act as electron donor to form coordination bonds with lithium ions by coulombic interaction, further promoting the anion and cation of the lithium salt to dissociate, the PUSPE-6000 demonstrates good ion conductivity of 0.127 m S cm−1 and satisfactory lithium-ion transference number (t Li +=0.55) at 60 °C. The Li|PUSPE-6000|Li symmetric cell works stable for 1200 h at 0.1 mA cm−2 and the LFP|PUSPE-6000|Li cell also achieves excellent cycling stability. The flexible battery based on PUSPE-6000 can continue to work under a variety of harsh conditions, which expand the choice for the all solid-state electrolyte in the flexible wearable electronic device. [Display omitted] [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Co-pyrolysis is an important means to realize the clean disposal of organic wastes and generate some value-added chemicals. In the present study, the co-pyrolysis behavior of polyvinyl chloride (PVC) artificial leather (LE) and polyurethane foam (PU), the main components of waste vehicle seats, was systematically investigated to uncover the existing synergistic interaction effects. The pyrolysis experiments and kinetic analysis were carried out using TG/MS and Py-GC/MS, wherein the key parameters such as temperature and LE-to-PU mass ratio were examined. The co-pyrolysis of LE and PU at 650 °C remarkably accelerated the formation of aromatic compounds such as styrene. The relative content of aromatics from co-pyrolysis achieved 43.8%, which was much higher than that of 20.4% and 5.2% in the case of individual pyrolysis. The kinetic results further verified that the synergistic effect of LE and PU greatly lowered the reaction energy barriers of key steps in the co-pyrolysis, especially for the cases of LE-to-PU mass ratios of 3:2 and 2:3. The competing reactions such as intermolecular cross-linking of conjugated polyolefin intermediates and C–C cleavage, as well as the thermal conversion of methyl diphenyl diisocyanate in PU, favored the selective production of aromatics. In addition, the plausible pathways and synergistic mechanisms for the co-pyrolysis of LE and PU were discussed in detail. The present research significantly contributes to the selective upgrading of PVC artificial leather and polyurethane foam into high-quality pyrolysis oils rich in aromatics, thus achieving the clean disposal and resource utilization of waste vehicle seats. • Co-pyrolysis of artificial leather and foam from waste automobile seats was studied. • The relative content of aromatics from co-pyrolysis reached 43.8% at 650 °C. • Co-pyrolysis mainly generated aromatics via intermolecular crosslinking reactions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Synthesized a novel polyurethane-based SPE system, named B x PU-Li y. • B 5 PU-Li 20 exhibits ionic conductivity of 3.28 × 10-5 S cm−1 at room temperature. • B 5 PU-Li 20 exhibits ionic conductivity of 2.0 × 10-4 S cm−1 at 40 °C. • Introduced naphthol to reduce crystallinity and enhance lithium ion transport. • Employed DFT computational simulations to explore intrinsic properties. In response to the demand for high-performance and safe batteries in the field of energy storage, a novel polyurethane-based solid electrolyte system, B x PU-Li y , has been developed. Crystallinity had been effectively reduced by incorporating 1,1′-binaphthol with a special molecular structure leading enhanced ion migration. Among that, B 5 PU-Li 20 demonstrates good mechanical properties and thermal stability, with an ionic conductivity of 3.28 × 10-5 S cm−1 at room temperature, increasing to 2.0 × 10-4 S cm−1 at 40 °C. Additionally, this material exhibits excellent electrochemical performance and battery cycling capabilities, offering a new direction for the development of high-performance battery technology, with potential applications in portable electronic devices, electric vehicles, and large-scale energy storage systems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • A novel bio-based diol containing imine dynamic bonds (Vanp2) were synthesized using vanillin and bio-based 1,5-pentanediamine. • Betulin-based polyurethane was synthesized containing covalent adaptive networks (CANs). • The polyurethane has excellent self-healing, re-processability and editable shape memory properties. • The betulin-based polyurethane could degrade totally in the acid solution. In this study, a novel bio-based diol containing imine dynamic bonds (Vanp2) were synthesized using vanillin and bio-based 1,5-pentanediamine. Vanp2 was then introduced into the cross-linking network of betulin-based polyurethanes to obtain betulin-based polyurethanes containing covalent adaptive networks (CANs). Imine dynamic bonds within CAN endowed these betulin-based polyurethanes with self-healing, re-processability, degradability, and editable shape memory functionalities. Meanwhile, the mechanical and thermal properties of these fully bio-based polyurethane materials were characterized. The maximum tensile strength reached 9.5 MPa, while the maximum strain at break was 248 % and the maximum toughness was 13.2 MJ/m3. Thermal decomposition temperature was greater than 300 °C. Since the imine structure could be dissociated under acidic conditions, these polyurethanes could be rapidly degraded in a mixed acid solution at 50 °C in 4 h. This study demonstrated a strategy for synthesizing betulin-based polyurethane elastomers containing CAN using only bio-based feedstock. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]