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• First-ever mitogenome assembly of golden jackal samples from Turkey and Thailand. • Phylogenetic analysis revealed distinct subspecific status of Indochinese jackal. • Larger cytochrome b dataset further confirms distinctness of Indochinese jackal. • Findings can inform golden jackal evolutionary history and conservation status. The golden jackal (Canis aureus) is a canid species found across southern Eurasia. Several subspecies of this animal have been genetically studied in regions such as Europe, the Middle East, and India. However, one subspecies that lacks current research is the Indochinese jackal (Canis aureus cruesemanni), which is primarily found in Southeast Asia. Using a genome skimming approach, we assembled the first complete mitochondrial genome for an Indochinese jackal from Thailand. To expand the number of available Canis aureus mitogenomes, we also assembled and sequenced the first complete mitochondrial genome of a golden jackal from Turkey, representing the C. a. moreotica subspecies. The mitogenomes contained 37 annotated genes and are 16,729 bps (C. a. cruesemanni) and 16,669 bps (C. a. moreotica) in length. Phylogenetic analysis with 26 additional canid mitogenomes and analyses of a cytochrome b gene-only data set together support the Indochinese jackal as a distinct and early-branching lineage among golden jackals, thereby supporting its recognition as a possible subspecies. These analyses also demonstrate that the golden jackal from Turkey is likely not a distinct lineage due to close genetic relationships with golden jackals from India and Israel. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To determine the effects of chilling on the organization and distribution of tubulin and chromosomes in rhesus monkey oocytes.Design: Comparative laboratory study.Setting: Academic research laboratory.Animal(s): Eight adult female rhesus monkeys (Macaca mulatta) aged 6-16 years.Intervention(s): A total of 171 oocytes retrieved from eight rhesus monkeys were separated into nine groups. One group of control oocytes was held at 37 degrees C during the experiment. Four groups of oocytes were rapidly cooled to 0 degrees C and held for 1, 5, 10, or 30 minutes and then fixed and stained. Four other groups of oocytes were cooled to 0 degrees C, held for 1, 5, 10, or 30 minutes, warmed and incubated at 37 degrees C for 60 minutes, and then fixed and stained.Main Outcome Measure(s): Organization of cytoskeleton and chromosomes.Result(s): Exposure of rhesus oocytes to 0 degrees C for only 1 minute resulted in complete depolymerization of tubulin. Incubation of chilled oocytes at 37 degrees C for 60 minutes caused partial restoration of tubulin, although most oocytes exhibited abnormal alignment of chromosomes and disorganized meiotic spindles.Conclusion(s): We conclude that rhesus monkey oocytes are extremely sensitive to chilling injury. Their successful cryopreservation may require rapid cooling to outpace this injury. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]