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The article reviews the February 2020 issue of the periodical "Journal of Physiotherapy".

The article discusses the cardiac rehabilitation which includes patients with myocardial infarction and revascularization.

• Only 50% of the published trials were registered. • Unregistered trials may have collected other measures that remain unreported. • Many additional outcomes not appearing in trial registries were published. • Some reported positive findings are likely spurious due to unadjusted multiple comparisons. Sedentary behaviour research is a relatively new field, much of which has emerged since the widespread acceptance of clinical trial registration. The aim of this study was to investigate the trial registration and related issues in studies investigating the effect of frequent activity interruptions to prolonged sitting-time. Secondary analysis of a scoping review including systematic searches of databases and trial registries. We included experimental studies investigating the effects of frequent activity interruptions to prolonged sitting-time. We identified 32 trials published in 45 papers. Only 16 (50%) trials were registered, with all 16 trials being completed and published. Of the unregistered trials, we identified three (19%) for which similarities in the sample size and participant demographics across papers was suggestive of duplicate publication. Identification of potential duplicate publications was difficult for the remaining 13 (81%). Results from 53 (76%) of the 70 registered outcomes were published, but 11 (69%) registered trials reported results from additional outcomes not prospectively registered. A total of 46 different outcomes (out of 53 reported outcome measures, similar measures were collated) were reported across all trials, 31 (67%) of which were collected in ≤2 trials. We found direct evidence of trial registration issues in experimental trials of breaking up sitting-time. The lack of prospective registration of all trials, and the large number of outcomes measured per trial are key considerations for future research in this field. These issues are unlikely to be confined to the field of sedentary behaviour research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Survivors of acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) are at risk of long-term comorbidities. This systematic review and meta-analysis evaluated health-related quality of life (HRQoL), and physical and psychological impairments in ARDS survivors from 3 months to 5 yr follow-up after ICU discharge.Methods: Systematic search of PubMed, AMED, BNI, and CINAHL databases from January 2000 to date. The primary outcome was HRQoL. Secondary outcomes included physical, pulmonary, and cognitive function, mental health, and return to work. A secondary analysis compared classical ARDS with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus disease-2 (SARS-CoV-2) ARDS.Results: Forty-eight papers met inclusion criteria including 11 693 patients; of those 85% (n=9992) had classical ARDS and 14% (n=1632) had SARS-CoV-2 ARDS. The 36-Item Short Form Health Survey (SF-36) physical component summary score mean (95% confidence interval [CI]) was 46 (41-50) at 3 months, 39 (36-41) at 6 months, and 40 (38-43) at 12 months. The SF-36 mental component summary mean score was 53 (48-57) at 3 months, 45 (40-50) at 6 months, and 44 (42-47) at 12 months. SF-36 values were lower than those found in the normal population up to 5 yr. The predictive distance walked in 6 min was 57% (45-69), 63% (56-69), and 66% (62-70) at 3, 6, and 12 months, respectively. Classical ARDS and SARS-CoV-2 ARDS showed no difference in HRQoL and physical function; however, patients with classical ARDS had higher incidence of anxiety and depression (P<0.001).Conclusion: ARDS survivors can experience reduced HRQoL and physical and mental health impairment. These symptoms might not recover completely up to 5 yr after ICU discharge.Systematic Review Registration: PROSPERO: CRD42021296506. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: Context: To enable study of psychological distress along the cancer journey, we need to be able to select and map validated measures through the cancer trajectory. Objectives: To examine the performance of self-report measures for identifying clinically significant levels of psychological distress across the cancer patient trajectory. Methods: Electronic searches of Medline, PsychInfo, CINAHL, EmBase, The Cochrane Library, AMED, BNI, ASSIA, and Web of Science were undertaken. Only studies of self-report measures that used validated diagnostic tools for psychiatric diagnosis as the criterion measure were included. We then further limited our focus to those papers that specified a trajectory stage. Results: Forty-eight different self-report measures were reported in the 85 papers identified. The Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) was the most frequently reported measure (23 times). Several other measures were reported between two and four times, but most (37) measures were reported only once. Twenty-two of the 85 included papers reported measure performance by trajectory stage. Best performing measures based on validation data available could be identified for each trajectory stage: for pretreatment, the HADS for identifying depression; during treatment, the HADS and Mental Health Inventory-5 (MHI-5) together for identifying clinically significant distress; post-treatment, the HADS for identifying depression; and at recurrence and during the palliative phase, the Brief Edinburgh Depression Scale (BEDS) for identifying depression. Conclusion: No single measure had evidence to support use throughout the illness trajectory in a longitudinal study, but the HADS, in combination with the MHI-5, was supported during the cancer treatment phase, and BEDS in the palliative care phase. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Intensive-care-unit (ICU) patients exhibit disturbed sleeping patterns, often attributed to environmental noise, although the relative contribution of noise compared to other potentially disrupting factors is often debated. We therefore systematically reviewed studies of the effects of ICU noise on the quality of sleep to determine to what extent noise explains the observed sleep disruption, using the Cochrane Collaboration method for non-randomized studies. Searches in Scopus, PubMed, Embase, CINAHL, Web of Science, and the Cochrane Library were conducted until May 2017. Twenty papers from 18 studies assessing sleep of adult patients and healthy volunteers in the ICU environment, whilst recording sound levels, were included and independently reviewed by two reviewers. We found that the numbers of arousals between the baseline and the ICU noise condition in healthy subjects differed significantly (mean difference 9.59; 95% confidence interval 2.48-16.70). However, there was considerable heterogeneity between studies (I2 94%, P < 0.00001), and all studies suffered from a considerable risk of bias. The meta-analysis of results was hampered by widely varying definitions of sound parameters between studies and a general lack of detailed description of methods used. It is, therefore, currently impossible to quantify the extent to which noise contributes to sleep disruption among ICU patients, and thus, the potential benefit from noise reduction remains unclear. Regardless, the majority of the observed sleep disturbances remain unexplained. Future studies should, therefore, also focus on more intrinsic sleep-disrupting factors in the ICU environment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Research has begun to focus on whether Advance Care Planning (ACP) has the capacity to influence care, and to examine whether ACP can be effective in meeting patients' wishes at the end of their lives. Little attention has been paid, however, to the validity and clinical relevance of existing measures.Methods: A search of Medline and CINHAL identified ACP studies measuring concordance between end-of-life (EoL) preferences and the care received. Databases were searched from 2000 to August 2016. We developed a checklist to evaluate the quality of included studies. Data were collected on the proportion of patients who received concordant care, extracted from manuscript tables or calculated from the text.Outcomes: Of 2941 papers initially identified, nine eligible studies were included. Proportions of patients who received concordant care varied from 14% to 98%. Studies were heterogeneous and methodologically poor, with limited attention paid to bias/external validity. Studies varied with regards to design of measures, the meaning of relevant terms like "preference" "EoL care" and "concordance," and the completeness of reported data.Conclusion: Methodological variations and weaknesses compromise the validity of study results, and prevent meaningful comparisons between studies or synthesis of the results. Effectively evaluating whether ACP interventions enhance a patient's capacity to receive the care they want requires harmonization of research. This demands standardization of methods across studies, validating of instruments, and consensus based on a consistent conceptual framework regarding what constitutes a meaningful outcome measure. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Physical exercise has been used to mitigate the metabolic effects of diabetes mellitus. Objective: To evaluate the effect of resistance exercise when compared to aerobic exercise without insulin therapy on metabolic and clinical outcomes in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Methods: Papers were searched on the databases MEDLINE/PubMed, CINAHL, SPORTDiscus, LILACS, and SCIELO, without language or date of publication limits. Clinical trials that compared resistance exercise to aerobic exercise in adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus who did not use insulin therapy were included. The quality of evidence and risk of bias were assessed using the GRADE system and the Cochrane Risk of Bias tool, respectively. Meta-analysis was also used, whenever possible. Two reviewers extracted the data independently. Eight eligible articles were included in this study, with a total of 336 individuals, with a mean age of 48-58 years. The protocols of aerobic and resistance exercise varied in duration from eight to 22 weeks, 30-60 min/day, three to five times/week. Results: Overall the available evidence came from a very low quality of evidence and there was an increase in Maximal oxygen consumption (mean difference: -2.86; 95% CI: -3.90 to -1.81; random effect) for the resistance exercise and no difference was found in Glycated hemoglobin, Body mass index, High-density lipoprotein cholesterol, Low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, triglycerides, and total cholesterol. Conclusions: Resistance exercise appears to be more effective in promoting an increase in Maximal oxygen consumption in protocols longer than 12 weeks and there is no difference in the control of glycemic and lipid levels between the two types of exercise. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Exposure to PM 2.5 , PM 10 , SO 2 , NO 2 , O 3 and CO, has potential health effects. • Short-term associations with migraine risk will be comprehensively evaluated. • Evidence certainty will be assessed to inform future air quality recommendations. The World Health Organization (WHO) has identified air pollution as one of the greatest environmental risks to public health. High levels of ambient air pollution are known to have adverse health effects, but the relationship between exposure to air pollutants and migraine attack has not been established. This study aims to systematically review the effects of short-term exposure to fine and coarse particulate matter (PM), ozone, nitrogen dioxide, sulfur dioxide, and carbon monoxide on migraine attack. The systematic review and meta -analysis will follow the WHO handbook for guideline development. Our protocol will comply with the guidelines of the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and meta-Analysis Protocols. Original peer-reviewed studies conducted in the general population regardless of age and sex to investigate the association between short-term exposure to ambient air pollutants and migraine will be eligible for inclusion. Only time-series, case-crossover, and panel studies will be included. We will search the electronic databases MEDLINE, Embase, Web of Science, Global Health, Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature in accordance with the pre-established search strategy. We will also check the reference list of included papers and previous reviews for supplementary search. We will perform data extraction in accordance with the predesigned table. Using random-effects meta -analysis, we will present summary statistics (RRs and corresponding 95% CIs) associated with standardized increases in each pollutant level. Heterogeneity between studies will be assessed using 80% prediction intervals (PI). Subgroup analyzes will be performed to explore sources of heterogeneity, if any. The main findings will be presented in summary of finding table, visual display and narrative synthesis. We will review the impact of each air pollutant exposure separately. We will employ the adaption of Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development, and Evaluations tool to assess the confidence in the body of evidence. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • There is no treatment for chemotherapy-induced peripheral neurotoxicity (CIPN). • Data on exercise, rehabilitation and related interventions for CIPN are preliminary. • Exercise and balance and sensorimotor training show some evidence for CIPN. • Recommendations for the design of future multicenter trials for CIPN are given. • CIPN prevention and treatment trials have different ideal study requirements. Pharmacological strategies for chemotherapy-induced peripheral neurotoxicity (CIPN) are very limited. We systematically reviewed data on rehabilitation, exercise, physical therapy, and other physical non-pharmacological interventions and offered evidence-based recommendations for the prevention and treatment of CIPN. A literature search using PubMed, Web of Science and CINAHL was conducted from database inception until May 31st, 2021. 2791 records were title-abstract screened, 71 papers were full-text screened, 41 studies were included, 21 on prevention and 20 on treatment of CIPN. Treatment type, cancer type, chemotherapy compounds were heterogeneous, sample size was small (median: N = 34) and intention-to-treat analysis was lacking in 26/41 reports. Because of the methodological issues of included studies, the reviewed evidence should be considered as preliminary. Exercise, endurance, strength, balance, and sensorimotor training have been studied in low-to-moderate quality studies, while the evidence for other treatments is preliminary/inconclusive. We offer recommendation for the design of future trials on CIPN. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]