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Objectives: This study aimed to compare the treatment preference among oncologists, patients with lung cancer, and their family members in China.Methods: A face-to-face discrete choice experiment survey was conducted among oncologists, patients, and their family members. Participants completed 13 choice sets describing 6 key attributes, namely, overall survival time, risk of severe adverse effect, severity of pain, appetite, physical functioning status, and monthly cost. Mixed logit model and latent class analysis were used to estimate attribute level preference weights and the relative importance (RI) for attributes. The willingness to pay (WTP) and maximum acceptable risk (MAR) were also estimated. The RI, WTP, and MAR of oncologists, patients, and family members were compared.Results: A total of 121 oncologists and 161 dyads of patients and family members completed the survey. Overall survival time, physical functioning status, and pain were the 3 most important attributes across all 3 groups. Oncologists and family members had higher RI on overall survival time than patients (48% and 51% vs 38%). Patients had higher RI on physical functioning status and pain (23% and 14%) than oncologists (13% and 12%) and family members (16% and 11%). For extending survival, patients had the least WTP, and family members had the highest MAR. The latent class analysis identified 2 classes in the patient group and 3 classes in oncologist and family member groups.Conclusions: There were differences in preferences for survival, risk, quality of life, and costs associated with cancer treatments among patients, oncologists, and family members. This finding highlights the need of involving patients in treatment decision making in China. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Catastrophic debris flows are frequently triggered by rainstorms after the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake and pose great threats to residential buildings and human lives in the mountainous areas. However, little effort has been devoted to studying the quantitative assessment of the physical vulnerability of buildings to debris flows in the Wenchuan earthquake-affected areas. To cope with this deficiency, this paper presented a quantitative method to assess the physical fragility of buildings related to debris flows by analyzing the debris flow activity and building damage features. First, we constructed a building database in the area affected by the Cutou debris flow and determined the degree of damage to each building. Then, the momentum flux was selected as a debris flow intensity parameter, considering the combined effect of flow velocity and flow depth. We used the FLO-2D software to reproduce the process of the debris flow that occurred on 20 August 2019 in the Cutou gully and obtained the intensity parameters of the debris flow. Finally, we proposed physical fragility curves for different types of building structures to the debris flow based on the model describing the probability of exceeding different damage states corresponding to different intensities of debris flows. In the case of brick-concrete buildings, when the momentum flux was 8 m3/s2, buildings were moderately damaged at the probability P = 1 with a 95% confidence interval, and complete damage was sustained from a momentum flux of 36 m3/s2. Masonry-wood buildings sustained complete damage from a momentum flux of 5 m3/s2. The structural resistance of buildings to debris flows in the Wenchuan earthquake-affected region can be assessed by using the proposed physical fragility functions, which provide a scientific basis for risk management and mitigation strategies. • We constructed the building database and analyzed damage characteristics. • The intensity process of the debris flow was reproduced by FLO-2D software. • The fragility curves were developed by numerical simulation and the probability model. • Masonry-wood buildings will sustain complete damage from the momentum flux of 5 m3/s2. • Brick-concrete buildings will sustain complete damage from the momentum flux of 36 m3/s2. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]