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Micropower optimization model is used in this study to design renewable energy-based micro grid system: solar-biomass hybrid system for the electrification of the city of Sharjah. The principal objective is to explore the available renewable resources in Sharjah and to determine the optimal configuration to meet the desired electric loads of the city. The hybrid system consists of electrical loads, solar resources, biomass resources, and system components such as solar photovoltaic, biogas generators, biomass power, battery and converters. Input information on the primary loads, solar and biomass resource availability, technology options, components cost, constraints, and controls are determined. Hourly simulations with sensitive analysis were performed to calculate the energy to and from each component to design the most favorable renewable energy-based system. The optimized results of the alternative renewable energy-based hybrid systems with different levels of contributions by renewable resources are presented in this paper taking into account the technology costs, energy resource availability and the efficiency of the renewable energy system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• An IHMS for southern divisions of Bangladesh has been designed and optimized. • Real time field meteorological data of solar, wind and temperature has been used. • The estimation of the reduction of NPC, COE, CO 2 emissions have been reported. • Voltage, Power and Frequency responses reported considering dispatch strategies. • Simulation results from HOMER Pro and MATLAB Simulink have been represented. • Sustainable development and uninterrupted power supply assured from the analysis. This paper evaluates the design and optimization of an islanded hybrid microgrid for various load dispatch strategies by assessing the optimal sizing of each component, the power system responses and different cost analysis of the microgrid. Four divisions of the northern side of Bangladesh namely, Mymensingh, Rangpur, Rajshahi and Sylhet hybrid microgrids incorporating solar PV, wind turbine, battery storage, diesel generator and a load of 27.31 kW have been optimized for five different dispatch strategies: (i) Load Following, (ii) Cycle Charging, (iii) Generator Order, (iv) Combined Dispatch and (v) HOMER predictive dispatch strategy. The proposed microgrids have been optimized to reduce the Net Present Cost, CO 2 emission and Levelized Cost of Energy. All the five dispatch strategies for the four microgrids have been analyzed in HOMER Pro, and subsequently, the power system responses and feasibility analysis of the microgrids have been performed in MATLAB Simulink. The results obtained in this study provide a guideline to estimate component sizes and costs for the optimal operation of the proposed microgrids under various load dispatch scenarios. The simulation results suggest that the Load Following is the best dispatch strategy having the lowest Net Present Cost of 149,794 USD, Levelized Cost of Energy of 0.204 USD/kWh, Operating cost of 3,698 USD and CO 2 emission of 3,298 kg/year with a stable power system response. Combined Dispatch is found to be the worst strategy having the maximum Levelized Cost of Energy of 0.532 USD/kWh, Net Present Cost of 415,030 USD, Operating cost of 15,394 USD and Green House Gas emissions of 17,266 kg/year and comparatively poor power system responses. Finally, a brief comparative analysis has been presented between designed microgrid system and other hybrid energy systems and conventional power stations in terms of Levelized Cost of Energy, Net Present Cost, CO 2 emissions and operating cost. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In developing countries such as in Africa, rural areas are not always connected to the national or regional electric grid. As there is a huge potential for solar energy production, photovoltaics are established to supply electricity for operating critical infrastructures with battery systems and diesel generators installed for redundancy. These systems have the potential for further utilization. As a first step, overproduction of solar energy is offered to households due to simple control rules observing battery levels. This paper proposes an optimization method for energy allocation by process graphs or P-graphs. The method provides preliminary estimations on optimal periodical energy balances between energy producers, storage, and consumers of different priorities. These preliminary estimations serve as reconciliation parameters for advanced real-time control of energy distribution. Each step of transforming the practical problem of multiperiod energy distribution to the language of process network synthesis and then optionally to mathematical programming is detailed. To represent the problem adequately, the original formulation of process network synthesis is extended to take into account potential targets and intermediate entities that cannot be accumulated. The work aims to provide better utilization of renewable energy sources and storage. The microgrid profit and return of investment can also be improved by the proposed methodology. Image 1 [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]