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The rapid growth of China's national resources in the space domain may change the gap in power between China and the United States in relevant international rulemaking. This article proposes an analytical framework for identifying, comparing, and analyzing states' power resources critical to international rulemaking and uses the framework to compare the relevant resources between China and the United States in the space domain. First, this paper develops a method for identifying resources crucial to international rulemaking in outer space. The relevant resources of the two countries are then compared in this article. Finally, the article explores comparative advantages, consensus, differences, and cooperation possibilities of the two countries in specific international space rules. The framework could be adapted to compare diverse nations' resources critical to international rulemaking in other fields; it contributes to research on space law, international legislation, and national power. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper investigates the impact of real exchange rate volatility and misalignment on exports and imports between China and the United States. Our empirical analysis used the quarterly time series data over the 1994Q:1–2019Q:4 period. We used the ARDL-bound testing approach for the short- and long-run relationship. The empirical results reveal that China's real exchange rate volatility and misalignment significantly impact China's real exports and imports over the sample period. In the short-run, the relationship between real exchange rate misalignments and China's exports is positive, whereas negative with imports from the United States. In the long run, the real exchange rate misalignment positively affects exports and negatively affects imports. The evidence suggests that both higher real exchange rate volatility and misalignment directly affect the relative price of goods and encourage China exports to United States. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Difference generalized method of moments (DIF-GMM) is used to explore trade destruction and deflection effects. • We find strong evidence of long-lived destruction and deflection effects. • Industry indicators play significant roles in deflecting trade. With a decrease in tariffs around the world, antidumping duties, as an important part of temporary trade barriers, have increased dramatically to take their place. China and the United States (US) are the two heaviest targets and users of antidumping investigations respectively. In this paper, using Chinese annual transaction-level export data from 2000 to 2017, we study the trade destruction effect and the trade deflection effect of all antidumping investigations initiated by the US against China. We find strong evidence of both destruction and deflection effects. American antidumping actions reduce China's exports to the US, while increasing exports to non-US countries. Critically, the trade destruction and deflection effects are long-lived, and industry indicators (including industry employment, industry concentration and capital intensity) play significant roles in deflecting trade. In general, the impact of antidumping actions could be greater than what the direct effect alone might suggest. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The outbreak of the COVID-19 in 2020 has a severe impact on all countries. This paper first studies the impact of the epidemic on the macro-economy in China, which is one of the countries with early epidemic situation, in the rapid development stage of the epidemic situation, and the specific performance in macro-economy aspects. On this basis, study the development trend and macroeconomic performance of the United States as one of the most serious countries, and the relationship between the epidemic development and macro-economy in the United States. As for the differences in epidemic control measures between China and the US, China's indicators are significant in terms of sentiment factors, but the impact of COVID-19 on the sentiment factors in the US is different. The Chinese government has not adopted unlimited easing and maintained consistent policies. At present, the economic impact of COVID-19 on the US is far greater than that of China. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper examines US-China trade disputes under the World Trade Organization (WTO) and argues that Chinese leaders are increasingly resorting to the WTO's dispute settlement mechanism to target issues of most critical concern to domestic constituencies. The following overview of the WTO disputes initiated by China suggests that China's WTO disputes tend to be dominated by cases involving anti-dumping duties (ADs) and countervailing duties (CVDs). The disproportionate share of such trade remedy cases in China's WTO cases needs to be viewed in light of the fact that China has become the leading target of such cases worldwide in the past decades. The above pattern of China's WTO initiation is explicable within the leader cost-benefit analysis, which would lead us to expect Chinese leaders to use the WTO DSM either to open foreign markets for Chinese businesses or to shield domestic firms from perceived unfair foreign trade practices. This paper further argues that the significant expansion of bilateral trade relations in the past decades has provided opportunities for Chinese leaders to identify or threaten retaliation against anti-protectionist groups in the other country in order to mobilise them against the disputed measure. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To date, China has the world's largest wind power generation capacity, followed by the United States. Yet, China's utilization of this installed capacity trails that of the United States by a huge gap. This paper seeks to explain this gap by focusing on the role of institutions. First, it analyzes the institutions that either facilitate or impede wind integration in the two countries. Next, it synthesizes these institutions into coherent institutional logics for China and the United States. Then, it corroborates the institutional analysis with empirical evidence from China and the United States. Finally, it compares the two countries and summarizes what China can learn from the United States to reduce wind curtailment. Overall, this paper finds that China's dominant institutional logic of wind integration is state centrism and it is complemented by partial decentralization and liberalization – a system that is more conducive to capacity addition than capacity utilization. By contrast, the United States' dominant institutional logic of wind integration is market competition but a competing logic also exists which is regulatory interventionism – a system that aligns capacity addition and utilization better but engenders greater policy uncertainty. Because the two countries have distinct institutional logics that generate different root causes for wind curtailment, this paper argues that simply transplanting solutions from the United States to China will not work. What China can learn from the United States is to make incremental improvements to address the frictions between its dominant and complementary institutional logics. • China's dominant institutional logic of wind integration is state centrism. • The U.S.'s dominant institutional logic of wind integration is market competition. • Different institutional logics underpin different solutions to wind curtailment. • China shall make incremental improvements along its dominant institutional logic. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: The United States, China''s biggest export market, is planning to impose a carbon tariff against countries without strict GHG emissions reduction standards, which will necessarily have immense influence on China''s export trade. In this dissertation, its background and imposing methods are initially discussed. Impact on China''s export trade volume, commodity prices, various industrial sectors, foreign investment manner, corporate operation modes and so forth are then analyzed explicitly. Lastly, the paper presents several policy suggestions in allusion to these impacts. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Ecosystem service (ES) supply and human needs are often spatially conflicting. Although the synergy between them is crucial for global sustainability, little is known about the real human needs for ES (RHN) and their integration with actual ES supply. This study established a novel hierarchy of human needs for ES. Taking China and the United States as case studies, multiple types of actual ES supplies and multi-dimensional human needs were integrated to calculate the value of effective ecosystem service supply (EFS). The results suggested that the overall EFS in the United States is higher than that in China. There was a significant gap between the United States and China in areas with the first grade of EFS (F-EFS); the United States accounted for 68% of the total in such areas in the two countries combined. Whereas China accounted for 32%, mainly concentrated in the Yangtze River Delta urban group. China exhibited a gradually decreasing trend from the east coast to the northwest. Moreover, the F-EFS in China displayed more spatial concentration than in the United States. It was also discovered that the reason for the gap was a sharp spatial mismatch between actual ES supply and RHN in China. Nevertheless, China was specifically found to have the potential to enhance its EFS. This paper proposes some solutions to mitigate the gap and also offers guidance on the realization of Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). [Display omitted] • A novel hierarchy of human needs for ecosystem services was proposed. • A large-scale analysis integrated actual ES supply and real human needs. • Actual ES supply embodying goods-based and non-goods-based ES flows were assessed. • The overall effective ecosystem service supply in the US was higher than in China. • A sharp spatial mismatch between ES supply and human needs was discovered in China. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]