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The LiVO 3 ultra-low temperature cofired ceramic (ULTCC) was synthesized by the solid-state chemical method and its crystal structure, sintering behavior, and microwave dielectric performances were systematically studied by X-ray diffractometer (XRD) and Scanning electron microscope (SEM). XRD showed that LiVO 3 were pure monoclinic single phase with a space group of C2/c. Furthermore, the best microwave dielectric properties Q × f = 16,900 ± 720 GHz, ε r = 8.78 ± 0.06, and τ f = − 117 ± 2.3 ppm/°C could be obtained when LiVO 3 sintered at optimal sintering condition 520 °C/8 h affirmed by SEM. The microwave dielectric properties were also deeply investigated utilizing the P–V–L chemical bond theory. The microwave dielectric performances of LiVO 3 had a great closer relationship with the V(1)–O bonds explained by analysis data. The low permittivity LiVO 3 with attractive features highlighted it to be a good candidate for ULTCC applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A nanostructure of lithium-zinc copper ferrite (LiZnCu-Ferrite) prepared experimentally by the auto-combustion method depends on different parameters. The auto-combustion method operates at a temperature (160 °C) suitable for preparing the required nanostructure ferrite phase. The dependent composition was [Li 0.5-x Zn x Cu x Fe 2.5-x O 4 at (x = 0, 0.05, 0.15, 0.25, 0.35, and 0.45)]. A pre-firing at temperature (650 °C) was applied during the calcination process that was suitable to remove unwanted products. The sintering at temperature (800 °C) was suitable for a pelletized shape of ferrite samples. The X-ray diffraction (XRD) pattern showed a spinel structure of ferrite phase produced for all samples under study with the lattice constant in the range (8.345–8.368 Å) as a function of (x). The crystallite size was in the range (18.41–30.27 nm) calculated by the Scherrer method. The transmission electron microscope (TEM) showed a production of nanorods in the size range (10–45 nm) and nanoparticles in the size range (10–40 nm). There was a coincidence between the results of the XRD and TEM analyses. On the other hand, the scanning electron microscope (SEM) showed the surface morphology and the nature of grain size, which was a sign of the presence of nanostructure; it agreed with the XRD analysis. FTIR spectra showed evidence that the system Li0.5-xZnxCuxFe2.5-xO4 had spinal ferrite nanoparticles successfully prepared by sol-gel auto-combustion. A vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM) showed a change in magnetic parameters as compensation factor (x) increased for all composites of LiZnCu-ferrite such as saturation magnetization (Ms), initial magnetic permeability (μi), remanence (Mr), and coercive force (Hc) that measured from M − H loops. A saturation magnetization increased as a function of (x) and recorded a maximum value at (x = 0.15). While the coercivity, initial magnetic permeability (μi), and remanence magnetization enhanced as a function of (x) and recorded a maximum value at (x = 0.45). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of the present work was to evaluate six commercially available abutment screws by characterising roughness parameters, microstructure and mechanical properties. Six abutment screws from each implant system, were used. The surface roughness parameters (S a , S q , S sk , S ku , S pk , S k and S vk) were identified by an optical interferometric profiler. Microstructural observations and crystallographic analysis were performed using a scanning electron microscope (SEM) equipped with an energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) device for elemental analysis and an X-ray diffractometer (XRD), respectively. The Martens Hardness (HM), Indentation Modulus (E IT), elastic index (η IT) and Vickers hardness (HV) of all specimens were determined by instrumented indentation testing (IIT). The results were analyzed by one-way ANOVA and Tukey multiple-comparison tests (a=0.05). EDX and XRD showed the abutment screws to be mixed α- and β-phase titanium alloys. Microstructural analysis revealed a fine homogeneous microstructure without porosity, consisting of fine dispersoid rods of β-phase embedded in a continuous α-phase matrix. Statistically significant differences were found among the mechanical properies and surface roughness parameters apart from S q , S pk and S vk. The tested abutment screws showed significant differences in the probed properties, and, thus, differences in their clinical behaviour are anticipated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To evaluate the impact of speed sintering on the microstructure and optical properties of 3 and 5 mol% yttria-partially stabilized monolithic zirconias. 120 plate-shaped zirconia specimens (10x10x 0.4 mm) were prepared from three commercial 5 mol% yttria-partially stabilized zirconia blocks (5Y-PSZs); Katana UTML (Kuraray Noritake), Cercon xtML (Dentsply Sirona), and Zolid FX white (Amann Girrbach), and two commercial 3 mol% yttria-partially stabilized zirconia blocks (3Y-PSZs); Lava Plus (3 M ESPE) and InCoris (Sirona, GmbH). Specimens were either conventional sintered (CS) using a 7-hour program or speed sintered (SS) using a quick 90-minute program. The microstructure was inspected with a scanning electron microscope (SEM), and phase fractions were detected using x-ray diffraction analysis (XRD). Translucency (TP 00), and contrast ratio (CR) were obtained using a spectrophotometer (VITA Easyshade V). Color difference (ΔE 00) between both sintering processes was calculated with the CIEDE2000 formula. ΔE 00 up to 1.8 was set as the acceptability threshold. Data were analyzed using two-way ANOVA, Krusakll-Wallis, and Mann-Whitney U tests. (n = 12, α =.05). Grain size was significantly decreased after SS for all tested materials (P <.0001). The average grain sizes of 5Y-PSZs were significantly larger than those of 3Y-PSZs. The atomic structure, microstructure, and transparency of CS and SS were all affected by the amount of yttria, the size of the crystals, and tetragonality. SS significantly reduced TP 00 (F = 7135.95, P < 0.0001) and increased CR (F = 453.21, P < 0.0001). The CS Katana presented the highest TP 00 and lowest CR value. ΔE 00 between the CS and SS groups were clinically acceptable except for Lava, which had values above the set threshold (1.89). SS altered the grain size and internal structure of the tested materials, which was reflected in translucency. • Variations in yttria concentration, crystal size, and tetragonality between CS and SS within each material which affected the atomic structure, microstructure, and translucency. • The lightness decreased and chroma increased after speed sintering in 3 and 5 mol% yttria-partially stabilized monolithic zirconia. • The final color of monolithic zirconia restorations may be adversely affected by zirconia manufacturers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Preparation of high-strength densified ceramsites and porous water-retaining ceramsites to replace part of the original gravel aggregates and natural moisturizing materials, respectively, is an effective way for the resource utilization of coal gangue (CG). The pore structure of ceramsites affects their strength, density, porosity, etc. In this paper, CG was used as the sole raw material to prepare ceramsites at different temperatures (600–1220 °C). By using methods of thermogravimetry-differential scanning calorimetry (TG-DSC), X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscope (SEM), element analysis (EA), heating microscope (HM), and density tester (DT), the evolution mechanism of pore structure in sintered coal gangue ceramsites (CGCs) was discussed. The results showed that there were two key temperatures: 950 °C and 1160 °C. Below 950 °C, the pore structure of CGCs was in a stable state, and the true, apparent, and closed porosity remained around 45%, 32%, and 12%, respectively. At 950–1160 °C, the true and apparent porosity decreased, and the closed porosity and compressive strength increased. Above 1160 °C, its performance deteriorated. During the heating process, the loss of carbon-containing components, phase transition, high-temperature diffusion and densification would change the pore structure. The appropriate temperature range for the preparation of porous water-retaining CGCs was about 950 °C, while that for preparing high-strength densified CGCs was about 1000–1160 °C. It was proved that qualified CGC products with different prospective applications could be prepared in different temperature regimes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, we report about the distribution model of Iron (Fe) atoms on Graphene Nano Sheets (GNS). The purpose of this research is to evaluate the performance of Fe/GNS in terms of the distribution of Fe atoms on the graphene surface. GNS and Fe/GNS were prepared with modified Hummer's and impregnation methods, respectively. We found that the morphology of graphite is different compare to GNS where GNS has thin layers and no stacking sheets (Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) data) and it contains majority Carbon (C) element (more than 90 wt%) (EDX data). The X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) data of GNS shows the appearance weak and broad peak on 2θ = 26.6o indicating GNS was formed, and the sharp peaks on 2θ = 43.84o prove that Fe atoms are well deposited on GNS (XRD data). Both SEM and XRD data prove GNS produced and Fe deposited on GNS. Further, we propose the distribution model of Fe atoms on GNS surfaces based on three steps. The first step is the Fe precursor react with GNS to produce Fe ions. The second step is Fe ions reduce while being deposited on GNS surfaces, generating Fe clusters. Finally, Fe clusters migrate on the surfaces of GNS to form Fe particles. The smallest Fe crystal size in Fe/GNS is at 3.81% Fe (1.5009 nm) and distributed into GNS. Based on those data, GNS was found to affect the properties of Fe metal. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Different glasses with a variable composition of x Nd 2 O 3.(46-x) B 2 O 3.24.5 Na 2 O.26.5 CaO.2.6 P 2 O 5 (where X = 0–2.0 mol% of Nd 2 O 3) were prepared and studied from the viewpoint of enhancing their bioactivities. All of the as-prepared glasses showed amorphous structures evidenced by the X-ray diffraction (XRD) patterns. On the other hand, XRD patterns of glasses soaked in sodium phosphate buffer solution revealed the formation of a variety of crystalline structures relevant to the formation of carbonated hydroxyapatite derivatives. According to the NMR data, the concentration of BO 3 units increases at the expense of BO 4 with increasing Nd 2 O 3 content. Increasing of (BO 3 /BO 4) molar ratio with increasing Nd 2 O 3 plays the main role of enhancing the bioactivity of borate glasses. The percentage of BO 3 , BO 4, and consequently N 4 fraction (N4 =BO 4 /BO 3 +BO 4) can simply be determined from the deconvolution process of FTIR and NMR spectra. A scanning electron microscope (SEM) and energy-dispersive x-ray (EDX) evaluation of the microstructures support the existence of crystalline HA after immersion. Both EDX and mapping of the sample after prolonged time intervals point to the homogeneity in the HA distribution of the studied sample. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Red phosphors play a key role in improving the optical quality of white light emitting diodes (WLEDs). In this work, Eu3+-activated red-emitting pyrophosphate phosphors of NaREP 2 O 7 :Eu3+ (RE = Sc, Lu) were prepared and the comparative investigations on crystal structures and luminescent properties were carried out. The X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscope (SEM), and spectroscopy techniques were employed to characterize the materials. The features of crystal structures with regard to the Eu3+ doping were analyzed in detail on the basis of Rietveld crystal structure refinements. It is found that the Eu3+ tends to substitute Lu3+ in the NaLuP 2 O 7 :Eu3+, while in NaScP 2 O 7 :Eu3+ it tends to substitute Na+ due the principle of ionic size matching. The disparate selective occupation behaviour of Eu3+ ion in both crystals has resulted in a certain difference in fluorescence emission nature from each other. The doping concentration of Eu3+ was optimized for the strongest luminescence under near-ultraviolet (UV) excitation. The measurement of temperature-dependent luminescence showed that the emission of NaLuP 2 O 7 :Eu3+ at 150 °C maintained 77% of that at room temperature, and that for NaScP 2 O 7 :Eu3+ is 72%. Under the near-UV excitation, the fluorescence efficiency of the phosphors were assessed. The quantum efficiencies of NSPO:0.125Eu3+ and NLPO:0.125Eu3+ were measured to be 41.6% and 40.8%, respectively. The results imply that the Eu3+-activated pyrophosphate phosphors are promising red-emitting components in WLEDs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A novel Mg-Al LDH film was in-situ prepared hydrothermally in an alkaline aqueous solution on an Al-alloyed AZ31 substrate. The structural, chemical and functional characteristics of the film were explored by means of scanning electron microscope (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), energy dispersive spectrometer (EDS), polarization curve, AC impedance and salt immersion tests, respectively. The anti-corrosion results indicated that the Mg-Al LDH film on the Al-alloyed AZ31 surface could effectively protect the AZ31 from corrosion attack even after 90 days of immersion in 3.5 wt.% NaCl solution. The protection performance is surprisingly better than most of the reported coatings on Mg alloys. More interestingly, when the Mg-Al LDH film was scratched, the exposed Al-alloyed surface might gradually release metal ions and re-generate dense LDH nano-sheets in the corrosive environment to inhibit the further corrosion there, exhibiting a self-repairing behavior. The combination of the benign long-term protection and desirable self-repairing performance in this new process of surface-alloying and LDH-formation may significantly extend the practical application of magnesium alloys. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the present study, composite samples of BaTiO 3 /(Co 0.8 Ni 0.1 Mn 0.1 Fe 1.9 Ce 0.1 O 4) x (noted as BTO/(CNMFCO) x) were prepared and their structural, morphological, optical, magnetic, and magnetoelectric coupling properties were investigated. Firstly, the BaTiO 3 and spinel ferrite CNMFCO phases were prepared separately through the sol-gel auto-combustion route, then, the composite samples BTO/(CNMFCO) x were made via the solid-state reaction method. The structural, morphological, optical, magnetic, and magnetoelectric coupling properties were examined using X-rays diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform-infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), scanning electron microscope (SEM) coupled with EDX spectrometer, UV–visible diffuse reflectance spectrophotometer (UV–vis DRS), vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM) techniques, and lock-in amplifier, respectively. The successful preparation of biphasic samples was confirmed by XRD and SEM studies. From SEM images, a compact structure with good density was observed. The mean size of BTO grains decreases with increasing the concentration of the magnetic phase. The optical properties have been explored in the UV–visible light range. The extracted band gap energy (E g) values showed a reduction with the rising of the magnetic phase content. The analysis of magnetization measurements revealed the magnetic character of different composites. It is found that the saturation (M s) and remanent (M r) magnetizations are increasing with the rise in the concentration of the magnetic CNMFCO phase (x %). High magnetoelectric voltage coefficients (α M E ) were attained for different composites with the highest α M E value of about 22.8 mV/cm.Oe reached in composite with x content of 20%. The high ME coupling in these composites makes these composites promising candidates to be used in multifunctional devices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Cu 0.75 Zn 0.25 Sm x Fe 2-x O 4 were synthesized via citrate gel auto combustion method. • The structural, optical, and morphological characterization were analyzed. • The synthesized nanoferrites have bandgap is 2.48–2.58 eV and size is 13–21 nm. • Excellent photodegradation of dyes was achieved using Cu 0.75 Zn 0.25 Sm 0.25 Fe 1.75 O 4. • Cu 0.75 Zn 0.25 Sm 0.20 Fe 1.80 O 4 nanoferrites are act as prominent antibacterial agent. • Maximum saturation magnetization is 25.033 emu/gm for Cu 0.75 Zn 0.25 Sm 0.25 Fe 1.75 O 4. The spinel nanoferrite particles Cu 0.75 Zn 0.25 Sm x Fe 2-x O 4 (0 ≤ x ≤ 0.25) were prepared though citrate-gel auto combustion technique. X-ray diffraction analysis, scanning electron microscope, UV–visible, and Fourier Transform infrared spectra have been used to structural analysis. The crystallite size of the samples was found to be 13.66 to 21.67 nm. FTIR bands were observed namely tetrahedral and octahedral bands, which shown around 400 and 600 cm-1, respectively. From UV–vis spectra, energy band gap synthesized material was obtained from 2.48 to 2.58 eV. The highest photocatalytic degradation activity for methylene blue (MB) and acid red (AR) were found to be Cu 0.75 Zn 0.25 Sm 0.25 Fe 1.75 O 4 due to small size. The prominent zone of inhibition was found for Cu 0.75 Zn 0.25 Sm 0.20 Fe 1.80 O 4 , wherein x = 0.20. LCR meter was used for investigate dielectric studies and semicircle behavior observed in impedance spectra. AC conductivity increases with applied frequency and temperature. The saturation magnetization maximum value obtained for Cu 0.75 Zn 0.25 Sm 0.25 Fe 1.75 O 4 it is 25.033 emu/g. [Display omitted] [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Antibiotics such as sulfamethoxazole (SUF), ciprofloxacin (CIP) and erythromycin (ERY) are frequently detected in water systems without being efficiently removed during water treatment. This study synthesized a graphitic carbon nitride-enhanced vanadium ferrite (VFe 2 O 4 @g-C 3 N 4) as a photocatalyst for degrading SUF, CIP and ERY in an aqueous solution. VFe 2 O 4 @g-C 3 N 4 was characterized with X-ray diffractometry (XRD), thermogravimetry analysis (TGA), ultraviolet (UV)-visible spectrophotometry, scanning electron microscope (SEM) and transmission electron microscope (TEM). The XRD characterization of VFe 2 O 4 @g-C 3 N 4 revealed diffraction patterns with a crystallite size of 22.45 nm and a bandgap energy of 1.94 eV. The SEM image revealed the surface to be rough with irregular particle shape and size. The TEM image showed an average particle size of 92.47 nm. VFe 2 O 4 @g-C 3 N 4 exhibited a degradation efficiency, which showed complete removal of SUF (100 %) from solution while the efficiency towards CIP is 94 ± 0.60 % and 90 ± 0.8 % towards ERY. The best photocatalytic performance was achieved with 0.12 g L−1 of VFe 2 O 4 @g-C 3 N 4 and pH = 7.0 as the optimal conditions for achieving complete removal of SUF, CIP and ERY at a concentration lower than 10.00 mg L−1 under visible-light irradiation. The photodegradation of SUF, CIP and ERY by VFe 2 O 4 @g-C 3 N 4 was found to be promoted by ROS with ˙OH and SO 4 ˙− radicals playing a significant role. VFe 2 O 4 @g-C 3 N 4 demonstrated a regeneration capacity that is above 90 % at the 10th cycle of regeneration treatment, suggesting it to be stable and reusable with the X-ray diffraction pattern remaining unchanged and no leaching of VFe 2 O 4 @g-C 3 N 4 into solution. The result from the study reveals VFe 2 O 4 @g-C 3 N 4 as a promising photocatalyst for removing antibiotics from an aqueous solution. [Display omitted] • Graphitic carbonitride-modified vanadium ferrite (VFe 2 O 4 @g-C 3 N 4) was synthesized. • VFe 2 O 4 @g-C 3 N 4 efficiently removed sulfamethoxazole, ciprofloxacin and erythromycin from contaminated water. • VFe 2 O 4 @g-C 3 N 4 exhibited outstanding regeneration capacity for reuse. • VFe 2 O 4 @g-C 3 N 4 demonstrated steady stability after water purification process. • VFe 2 O 4 @g-C 3 N 4 has high potential economic viability as a photocatalyst for water purification. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Utilizing MSC composite materials (M-Metakaolin(MK)), S-Slag, C-Calcium carbide residue (CCR)), the waste engineering mud produced through the drilling and grouting pile construction method was solidified.Through the analysis of unconfined compressive strength (UCS), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and scanning electron microscope (SEM) on solidified engineering mud test blocks, the influence of complex factors such as slag content, CCR content, and curing time on the solidification efficiency of engineering mud was investigated, and the microscopic mechanism was analyzed.Concurrently, supplementary tests were carried out to ascertain the pH and water content of the cured mud.The results indicated that the 7-day unconfined compressive strength of cured mud specimens could achieve 3 MPa when incorporating 12 % MK, 8 % slag, and 6 % CCR.The optimal pH for the curing mud is determined to be 11.25, correlating with a water content of 84 %.The destructive strains corresponding to the peak stresses of the cured mud at different curing times ranged from 1.6 % to 2.5 % and generally decreased with increasing peak stresses.The XRD and SEM analyses have demonstrated that the enhancement in the strength of the cured mud can be attributed to the processes of hydration and polymerization, resulting in the generation of gel products such as calcium silicate hydrate (CSH) and aluminosilicate-Na hydrate (NASH). These products are responsible for the adsorption of clay and bentonite particles, thereby efficiently occupying the structural voids.The research findings have the potential to provide theoretical support for the development of environmentally friendly and low-carbon MSC gelling materials, as well as their application in soil reinforcement, notably in the context of engineered mud solidification. • When utilizing metakaolin-slag-calcium carbide residue as a curing agent for engineering waste mud at a ratio of 12:8:6, a 7-day unconfined compressive strength of 3 MPa can be achieved. • The optimum pH for the cured mud was 11.25, at which point the water content of the mud was reduced from 140 % to 84 %. • The cured mud exhibits a destructive strain of approximately 2.5 % and demonstrates good toughness. • XRD and SEM images were used to analyze the effect of binders on the microstructure of cure mud. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • Nd 1-x Sr x Mn 0.5 Cr 0.5 O 3-δ (x = 0.25, 0.5) has electrical conductivity in air of 1.69 S/cm and 4.91 S/cm at 600 ℃. • The electrodes (NSCM25 and NSCM50) have an estimated porosity of 38%. • Weight loss in air for as-prepared samples of NSCM25 and NSCM50 at 25 – 900 ℃ was 0.84% and 1.08%, respectively. • At 25 – 900 ℃, the linear thermal expansion coefficients (TEC) of NSCM25 and NSCM50 is 6.88 × 10-6 K−1 and 5.06 × 10-6 K−1. Solid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs) have emerged as promising energy conversion devices, offering high efficiency and environmental sustainability. Efficient electrode materials are crucial for the overall cell performance of SOFCs. Perovskite type Nd 1-x Sr x Mn 0.5 Cr 0.5 O 3-δ (x = 0.25, 0.5) (NSCM25, NSCM50) was synthesized via conventional solid-state reaction technique. Structural, thermal and electrochemical characterizations were performed using X-ray diffraction, thermogravimetric analysis, conductivity measurements, scanning electron microscope, thermal expansion coefficient analysis and impedance spectroscopy. Structural analysis revealed that both compositions exhibit orthorhombic symmetry in the Pbnm space group. Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) indicated minimal weight changes in both pre-reduced and as-prepared samples. The electrical conductivities in air at 600 ℃ were found to be 1.69 S/cm for NSCM25 and 4.91 S/cm for NSCM50, with a decrease observed under reduced oxygen partial pressure. Polarization resistance (R p) analysis was conducted on symmetrical cells composed of NSCM25|GDC|NSCM25, NSCM50|GDC|NSCM50, NSCM25|YSZ|NSCM25, and NSCM50|YSZ|NSCM50. At 900 ℃, the polarization resistances were 0.12 Ωcm2, 0.21 Ωcm2, 0.11 Ωcm2, and 0.67 Ωcm2, respectively. The results suggest that NSCM25 and NSCM50 hold promise as electrode materials for symmetrical solid oxide fuel cells (SSOFC) employing YSZ or GDC electrolyte. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In order to modify the optical properties of zinc tungstate (ZnWO 4), (1-x)ZnWO 4 /xZnS system was produced using the direct and simple hydrothermal route together with solid state reaction method at low temperature. The structure and microstructure of the formed samples were investigated using synchrotron x-ray diffraction (XRD) technique. XRD, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), Raman and photoluminescence (PL) analyses confirmed the formation of single phase (ZnWO 4) and incorporation of Zn and S into the ZnWO 4 matrix in all samples. The morphology and element analysis of the formed system were explored using scanning electron microscope (SEM) images and the corresponding energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) analysis. The kubelka- Munk relation was applied to get the optical energy bandgap of the system. (1-x)ZnWO 4 /xZnS (x = 0, 0.05, 0.1, 0.25) system have the direct optical band gap values of 3.89, 3.25, 3.30 and 3.48 eV, respectively. Numerous empirical formulas were applied to obtain the refractive index of each sample from the estimated optical band gap energy. As the quantity of ZnS increases, the (1-x)ZnWO 4 /xZnS system's nonlinear optical parameters rise. The effect of ZnS amount on the PL emission spectra of (1-x)ZnWO 4 /xZnS was studied. The quenching of PL intensity upon composed with ZnS can greatly enhance its functional activity. [Display omitted] • (1-x)ZnWO 4 /xZnS nanostructures were prepared by hydrothermal route together with solid state reaction method. • SEM, EDS, XRD, FT-IR, Raman, optical and PL investigations were performed. • XRD confirms the formation of single phase (ZnWO 4) and incorporation of Zn and S into the ZnWO 4 matrix. • UV–vis analysis shows that the energy bandgap could be tailored from 3.89 eV to 3.24 eV. • (1-x)ZnWO 4 /xZnS nanostructures could be used in in linear/nonlinear optical device applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

MgMoO 4 with hexagonal particles were prepared by combining high energy ball milling with heat treatment technique. The influence of the mechanochemical activation/heat-treatment on the phase, structural and morphology transformation were investigated by X-ray powder diffraction analysis (XRD), infrared spectroscopy (IR), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), particle size distribution (PSD) and scanning electron microscope (SEM). Optical properties of the final product were studied by UV–Vis and photoluminescence (PL) measurements. Mechanochemical activation of the initial oxides for 10 h ball milling leads to a full amorphization of MoO 3, only. The heat-treatment at different temperatures after 10 h milling time results to the phase formation of MgMoO 4. The reaction started at 400 °C for 5 h and completed at 800 °C for 5 h. The calculated energy band gap value as prepared MgMoO 4 is 2.03 eV and exhibits photoluminescence emission above 600 nm. The CIE chromaticity coordinates (x = 0.53 and y = 0.43) were found to lie in the orange region. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Pyrolysis chars exhibit a large area melting state with rising temperature. • The Char-S is closer to the graphite structure. • The specific surface area and pore size of Char-C are larger than Char-S. • The Char-C contains more aliphatic side chains than Char-S. A comprehensive examination of char structural evolution during lump coal pyrolysis is significant to identify the pyrolysis mechanism of large-sized coal. In this work, the physicochemical structure of chars obtained from both particle surface and center through lump Meihuajing sub-bituminous coal pyrolysis were analyzed using various characterization methods. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) and N 2 adsorption–desorption analyses showed that the increase of pyrolysis temperature facilitated the cavitation of char skeleton. The char in the center of particles exhibited a more abundant porous structures, while that on the surface of particles demonstrated a significant molten area. Fourier transform infrared spectrometer (FT-IR) analyses demonstrated that the elevation of pyrolysis temperature facilitated the condensation of aromatic structure and the fracture of aliphatic side chains in coal. The chars on the surface of particles exhibited higher condensation degree of aromatic rings than those in the center of particles. X-ray diffractometer (XRD) analyses showed that the microcrystal diameter size increased transversely, and the height of microcrystal stacking rose vertically, while the lattice monolayer spacing decreased with the increase of pyrolysis temperature. The crystalline structure of chars, especially that on the surface of particles, evolved towards graphite as the pyrolysis temperatures increased. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Al-substituted strontium hexaferrite (SrFe 12– x Al x O 19 ; x ≤ 2.0) materials were synthesized using the hydrothermal technique. The influence of the Al3+ substitution has been examined using the powder X-ray diffractometer (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), Field-emission scanning electron microscope (FE-SEM), and the vibrating sample magnetometry (VSM). Hexagonal phase formation with P6 3 /mmc symmetry for all the compositions was confirmed by XRD study. With the increase of Al3+ concentration, lattice parameters gets contracted. Enhanced magnetic properties were observed in the Al-substituted strontium hexaferrite. The morphology of the undoped and doped samples were changed from irregular hexagonal flakes to plate-like (rod-like) shapes. In this study, the energy product (BH) max = 2.05 MGOe and squareness ratio (M r /M s) = 0.55 were obtained for an Al concentration of x = 1.5. The maximum value of the anisotropy constant (K eff) was 13.49×106 erg cm−3, for Al3+ doping content (x) = 1.5, which is tremendously high and possesses potential for its application as permanent magnets. [Display omitted] • Preparation of single domain SrFe 12-x Al x O 19 with x=0.0–2.0 using low temperature hydrothermal technique. • Determination of Saturation magnetization via Law of approach to Saturation. • Notable (BH) max of 2.045 MGOe is recorded for x=1.5 without any inclusion of rare-earth element. • Unprecedented anisotropy constant (13.49×105 J-m−3), magnetic hardness >1 and high squareness ratio (>0.54) suggests potential application in PMs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A comprehensive study of high-temperature aging on cylinder Li-ion battery is carried out through multi-level analysis from centimeter scale to nanometer scale, where intrinsic connection between cell degradation and electrodes deterioration is revealed. [Display omitted] • Battery capacity decays faster at high SOC when stored at high temperature. • High-temperature aged battery presents delayed self-heating onset-temperature but more severe thermal release. • Degradation of cathodes and thickened SEI result in structure evolution and capacity decay. • Multi-level analysis from nano-scale to centi-scale of high-temperature aged battery is carried out. Calendar aging at high temperature is tightly correlated to the performance and safety behavior of lithium-ion batteries. However, the mechanism study in this area rarely focuses on multi-level analysis from cell to electrode. Here, a comprehensive study from centimeter-scale to nanometer-scale on high-temperature aged battery is carried out. After short-time high-temperature aging, measurements of electrochemical performance show notable decay of capacity and increase of internal resistance. The thermal safety behavior is studied through accelerating rate calorimeter (ARC), which indicates that the heat output of the aged battery during thermal runaway is largely increased. The aging mechanism of high temperature is investigated under various scales. Incremental capacity (IC) curves depict the deterioration of electrodes and increase of ohmic resistance. Computational Tomography (CT) reveals structure evolution of aged battery at millimeter scale, indicating gas generation after high-temperature aging. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) shows thickened solid-state-electrolyte (SEI) on anode and cracks on cathode at sub-micrometer scale. X-ray diffraction (XRD) patterns present crystallographic evolution of both anode and cathode. Thus, the cell degradation-mechanism after high-temperature aging is interpreted at multi-level, that high temperature induces deterioration of electrodes, formation of SEI and evolution of gas. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • Pristine and Mn x CoFe 2.x O 4 nanostructures have been reported for the first time. • Mn doping played a vital role in structural modification from nanoparticles to nanorods. • Nanorods with low dimensions exhibited excellent C s 1214F/g at 1 A/g current density. • Capacitive contribution calculated by Dunn method which incresases with scan rate. • Power law proved (b = 0.742) that Mn 0.04 CoFe 1.96 O 4 is extremely suitable for supercapacitors. The material imperfections induced as a result of doping can lead to crystal defects which have the capability to improve the specific performance. Here, a systematic approach is adopted to synthesize pristine and Mn-doped cobalt ferrite (Mn x CoFe 2-x O 4) having (x = 0.0, 0.02, 0.04, 0.06) via hydrothermal method. As-synthesized nanomaterials were characterized by different sophisticated techniques including scanning electron microscope (SEM), X-ray diffraction analysis (XRD), energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), and photoluminescence (PL). SEM clearly discloses that there is reduction in size of nanoparticles with increase in doping concentration of manganese that is consistent with XRD data. Additionally, the substitution of Mn in CoFe 2 O 4 enhance the electrical active surface area which increase its electrochemical performance as examined via cyclic voltammetry (CV), galvanostatic charge discharge (GCD) and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) in 3 M KOH electrolyte solution. Based on outcomes, Mn 0.04 CoFe 1.96 O 4 demonstrates impressive specific capacitance of 1214 Fg−1 at 5 mVs−1 and exhibits outstanding stability. The b-value calculated by power law (b = 0.742) confirms its pseudocapacitive behavior with high capacitive contribution evaluated by Dunn method (i.e. 38.4 % at 75 mV/s). These parameters depict Mn 0.04 CoFe 1.96 O 4 as highly promising candidate as electrode material for supercapacitor application. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study investigates the impact of different modifiers on the optical, structural, morphological, and radiation-shielding properties of BaO–TeO 2 glass ceramics. Various physicochemical instruments were used to assess structure, morphological, and optical properties, such as X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), scanning electron microscope (SEM), and UV–Vis. The photon protection features were computed theoretically based on the Phy-X program. The XRD results showed different main phases in glass ceramics samples; other secondary phases appeared in each sample. The morphological results affirm the formation of some crystallized and glassy states with heterogeneous agglomerations. The linear attenuation coefficient (LAC) values at 0.2835 MeV for BiBTGC, TiBTGC, MnBTGC, and MoBTGC samples are 1.427, 0.852, 0.870, and 0.952 cm−1, respectively. Based on this result, the BiBTGC and MoBTGC samples showed the best gamma and neutron radiation shielding performances, respectively. While TiBTGC and BiBTGC samples showed the highest and lowest charged particle shielding properties, respectively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Electrochemical synthesis of graphite nanorings under UV irradiation. • PL spectra shows strong optical emission in the visible region (350–700 nm). • UV irradiation can reduce the particles size. • UV irradiation has a reduction effect on graphite synthesis. This paper describes a new way to synthesize graphite nanoparticles based on UV-irradiation energy. Graphite rods are electrochemically exfoliated at 80 °C in the presence of low potential difference (70 V) under UV irradiation. The obtained nanostructures are in the form of nanofibers and nanorings. They are studied using Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and photoluminescence (PL). PL spectra typically shows strong luminescence in the visible region (350–700 nm) and the most important emission is observed at 320 nm. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• The magnetic properties of doped Sn4+–Co2+ ions are obviously improved. • The mechanism of Ms and Hc changes is discussed. • Compared with the magnetic changes in previous studies (Sn/Zn, Sn/Mg). With the continuous improvement of the performance of M–type ferrite, it has been paid more attention to and become more and more popular, and it has been applied to social production and development. For improving the magnetic properties of ferrite, the most common method used by researchers is ion replacement. This method of improving magnetic properties is the mainstream of research. In this study, SrFe 12-2 x Sn x Co x O 19 (x = 0, 0.05, 0.1, 0.15, 0.2) strontium ferrite with Sn4+ and Co2+ co-substitution was prepared using ceramic technology. The influence of Sn4+ and Co2+ co-substitution on the structure and magnetism of strontium ferrite were analyzed. X-ray diffraction analysis shows that as the substitution amount of Sn4+ and Co2+ ions increased, the main structure of strontium ferrite remained hexagonal. The morphology of the samples was analyzed by scanning electron microscope, and the results showed that the morphology of ferrite was mainly hexagonal strontium ferrite. Magnetic property show that the remanence (B r), coercivity (H cj) and saturation magnetization (M s) of the sample first increased and then decreased with the Sn4+- Co2+ ions increase of doping amount. When the substitution amount x = 0.15, the M s reaches its maximum value of 83.8 emu/g, the B r reaches its maximum value of 405.4 mT. And when the substitution amount x = 0.05, H cj reaches its maximum value of 312.5 kA·m−1. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • Separation efficiency of carriers has been boosted. • OVs expand the light response range of the catalysts. • Sm-doped ZnO photocatalysts have enhanced photocatalytic activity. In this work, Sm-doped ZnO was prepared by a Sol-Gel method. The structure, morphology, composition and optical properties of the prepared samples were investigated by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscope (SEM), energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS), surface photovoltage spectrum (SPS) and X-ray photoelectron spectros-copy (XPS). Sm-doping results in high specific surface area and boosted photogenerated carriers separation efficiency, and produces more active free radicals to participate in the photocatalytic reaction. Photocatalytic activities of the samples toward removal of rhodamine B(RhB) were evaluated under UV light irradiation, the results display that Sm-doped ZnO shows higher photocatalytic activity than the reference ZnO. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The study aimed to investigate the structure, physical properties, and antifungal activity of ZnTe single-layer, ZnTe/Cu/ZnTe (ZCZ), and ZnTe/Ag/ZnTe (ZAZ) multilayer films. The ZAZ multilayer had the greatest antifungal efficacy, with ZCZ and ZnTe following in descending order of effectiveness. We observed that ZCZ had a MIC of 0.30 mol/ML and that ZAZ had a MIC of 20 mol/L. An X-ray diffraction (XRD) test confirmed a cubic crystal structure for all films, indicating that the crystals were mainly arranged along the (111) plane. For ZnTe films, the average size of crystallites was estimated to be roughly 15 nm, while for ZAZ and ZCZ films, it remained relatively constant at around 14.2 nm and 14.1 nm, respectively. We determined the particle size of ZnTe, ZCZ, and ZAZ using a scanning electron microscope (SEM) and ImageJ analysis. The obtained sizes were 98 nm, 200 nm, and 81 nm for ZnTe, ZCZ, and ZAZ, respectively. We used Swanepoel method and the Cauchy equation to determine the refractive index (n), film thickness (d), and refractive index as a function of wavelength. We used the Tauc equation to find that the optical band gaps (E g) of the films were 1.67 eV for ZnTe, 1.5 eV for ZCZ, and 1.55 eV for ZAZ. We analyzed six new frequency bands found through FTIR analysis. These bands showed important information about the chemical structure of the films. [Display omitted] • ZAZ films have superior antifungal activity. • The Ag middle layer boosts ZAZ composite efficacy. • Enhanced understanding of ZnTe multilayer's antifungal properties. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• NiFe 2 O 4 was prepared by a thermal decomposition process with various temperatures. • The micro-octahedral NiFe 2 O 4 grows along the dissolution‑recrystallization. • The FT-IR bands reveal the cation shifting from octahedral to tetrahedral structure. • The Eg (1.67 and 1.57 eV for 900 and 1,000 °C heating) refers 3A2g(3F) → 3T1g(3F). In this paper, NiFe 2 O 4 powders were prepared by a thermal decomposition process with various temperatures. The structural characteristic and intrinsic defect were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy, ultraviolet–visible (UV–vis) spectroscopy, and photoluminescence (PL). The morphology was investigated by scanning electron microscope (SEM) and transmission electron microscope (TEM). XRD pattern reveals the pure NiFe 2 O 4 phase as the calcination temperature of 900 and 1,000 °C. The calcination of 900 °C depicted the micro-octahedral structures with a smooth surface. The calculated hopping length and the FT-IR spectra reveal the cation shifting from octahedral to tetrahedral structure. The decreasing energy bandgap of NiFe 2 O 4 was investigated as the calcination temperature increased. The PL transition of 3A2g(3F) → 3T1g(3F) refers to the band-to-band emission. The structural characteristics, morphology, and defects were investigated and discussed in terms of phase, bonding vibration, crystal growth mechanism, emerging energy level and electron transition. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This work deals with assessing the performance of lignin nanoparticles (LNPs) in solving the problem of using salicylic acid as an agrochemical compound, via controlling its release. LNPs, obtained from black liquor, have been used to develop new delivery systems. Gels from chelating of LNPs with chitosan or chitosan nanoparticles (Cs-NPs) in presence or absence of cationic starch are investigated to achieve this essential aim. The nanoparticles are examined by TEM, ATR-FTIR, and XRD techniques. Based on measurements of swelling, encapsulation, release profile, release kinetic modeling of salicylic acid (SA), infrared spectroscopy, thermo-gravimetric analysis and scanning electron microscope the behavior of the investigated nanocomposite gels is assessed. The results show that the SA release profile of Cs-NPs and its nanocomposite with LNPs in phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) (7.4) (51.5–69.4 %) is higher than that of the mixture of water and ethanol (34.9–50.4 %). The release profile in PBS (7.4) demonstrates a trend of prolonged SA release over a 48-hour period. Best control of the SA-release can be achieved by CsNPs-LNPs nanocomposite. Comparing the results with previous literature demonstrates the promising characteristics of these examined gel nanocomposites. The release of SA from nanocomposites is regulated by a diffusion mechanism and follows the Ritger-Peppas and Higuchi models for kinetic release. [Display omitted] [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The low water-to-binder ratio commonly used for high-performance cementitious materials is known to limit the degree of hydration of their cement particles. This issue often cannot be resolved with conventional external curing methods, primarily because of the low permeability of such materials. Thus, internal curing methods are devised to improve the degree of hydration and maximize the use of cement particles. Focusing on superabsorbent polymers (SAPs) as one of the main internal curing agents, this study investigates the effects of various types, sizes, and dosages of SAPs on the hydration kinetics of high-performance cementitious mixtures. For this purpose, the main performance characteristics of SAPs were characterized first. Paired with monitoring the temperature development patterns in a set of SAP-contained mixtures, thermogravimetric analyses (TGA) and X-ray diffractometry (XRD) investigations were systematically performed to measure the phase consumption of cement particles. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) image analyses were then employed to assess the materials deposited in the remaining SAP voids. By providing original insights into the hydration development process, this study's outcome guides the use of SAPs with the ultimate goal of maximizing the hydration degree of cement particles, paving the way to minimizing the carbon footprint of high-performance cementitious materials. • Superabsorbent polymers (SAPs) were investigated for various early-age characteristics. • Effects of types, sizes, and dosages of SAPs on hydration kinetics were studied. • Temperature development and cement consumption patterns were recorded and compared. • The materials deposited in the remaining SAP voids were systematically evaluated. • Correlations were established between direct and indirect investigation approaches. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In high temperature environment, friction and wear are more likely to cause the failure of Polycrystalline diamond compact (PDC) by graphitization. PDC with cobalt removal (PDC-CR) and friction pairs (silicon nitride balls) were purposely selected for frictional wear experiments at temperatures of 200 °C, 300 °C, and 400 °C, respectively. Scanning electron microscope, energy spectrometer, X-ray diffractometer and metallographic microscope were employed to characterize the worn materials. The results showed that the friction coefficient and wear rate increased with the increase of wear temperature, resulting in a decrease in wear resistance. And no graphite phase was found by XRD, which proves that decobalt treatment can effectively inhibit the graphitization of polycrystalline diamond at high temperature. SEM images revealed that the increase of temperature is not conducive to the generation of friction transfer film which can increase the wear resistance of materials. Meanwhile, the surface layer of decobalt polycrystalline diamond composite sheet and friction pair will fall off, then form three-body abrasion. [Display omitted] [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Electrospinning is an advantageous method with a wide usage area, which enables the production of materials consisting of nano-thickness fibers. In this study, caffeic acid phenethyl ester (CAPE) molecule was loaded onto the poly(lactic- co -glycolic acid) (PLGA) nanofibers and obtained nanofibers were physicochemically and biologically investigated for the first time in the literature. The existence of CAPE molecules, loaded on PLGA membranes by dropping and spraying methods, was evaluated by a comparative investigation of Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectra and X-Ray diffraction (XRD) patterns. Fiber morphology of the membranes was investigated by scanning electron microscope (SEM). CAPE release and swelling behaviors of the membranes were studied in vitro. The radical scavenging activity of CAPE-loaded wound dressing materials was determined by using an antioxidant assay. The antimicrobial properties of PLGA and CAPE-loaded PLGA membranes were evaluated against S. aureus, P. aeruginosa and C. albicans strains by the time-kill method. The biocompatibility study of the obtained CAPE-loaded fibers conducted on human fibroblast cell line and wound healing promoting effect of the fibers was investigated in vitro scratch assay. The results show that CAPE-loaded PLGA membranes are highly antimicrobial against all strains used in the experiment. Additionally, the results show that they are biocompatible and have wound healing properties on human fibroblasts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This investigation involves the synthesis and study of dielectric, structural and impedance properties of polycrystalline Bi(Ni 2/5 Ti 2/5 Fe 1/5)O 3 (symbolized as BNTF) nano-ceramic. The BNTF polycrystalline sample was fabricated through the use of a conventional solid-state reaction route. X-ray structural examination reveals that the parent compound (i.e., BiFeO 3) crystallizes in the rhombohedral structure (space group-R3c) while that the BNTF compound crystallizes in orthorhombic symmetry. The substitution of NiTiO 3 into BiFeO 3 enhances various properties and reduces electrical leakage current. The average crystallite size is calculated to be 29 nm. The room temperature textures and surface morphologies of the specimen were verified by field-emission scanning electron microscope, and show uniform grains distribution on sample surfaces. Dielectric parameters (constant and tangent-loss) and impedance spectroscopy parameters of NiTiO 3 modified BiFeO 3 compound were investigated over a wide temperature range (25–500 °C) at different frequency (25 kHz-500 kHz), which offers several interesting features of BNTF material suitable for further device applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present paper is centred around the investigation of the structural, electrical, and magnetic properties displayed by the novel perovskite polycrystalline La 0.7 Pb 0.3 Mn 1−y V y O 3 (y = 0 – 0.1) prepared via the conventional solid-state technique. The structural properties of the samples were assessed through the utilisation of X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis. Subsequently, the obtained diffraction data underwent refinement employing Rietveld refinement techniques in order to determine the structural parameters of the samples a , b , c , V and Mn–O bond length and angle. The study of X-ray diffraction (XRD) peaks reveals that all the samples exhibited crystallization in a single phase, devoid of any impurities. All of the samples exist in rhombohedral orientation with a space group of R-3c. The tolerance factor of the samples was calculated in order to assess the severity of lattice distortion, decrease from 0.872 (y = 0) to 0.831 (y = 0.1). The microstructural characteristics of the samples were analysed using a field-emission scanning electron microscope (FESEM). The morphology results reveal that a rise in the amount of V leads stimulates the grain growth in the sample, as evidenced by the increase in grain size from 2.17 µm (y = 0) to 3.71 µm (y = 0.1). The Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) analysis revealed an absorption range of 500 – 600 cm-1, which is indicative of the Mn–O bond deformation vibration. This observation suggests the presence of a MnO 6 bond in the sample. The Tauc plots derived from the UV-Vis spectroscopy data reveal a notable increase in the optical bandgap (E opt) as the concentration of V increases. Specifically, the E opt values rise from 1.71 eV (y = 0) to 2.30 eV (y = 0.1), falling within the range typically observed for semiconductor materials. A distinct metal-insulator transition was observed in all of the samples, exhibiting a range of T MI values ranging from 250 K to 292 K. The scattering model was employed to determine the itinerant e g behaviour in the low temperature region, whilst the SPH model was used to explore the conduction behaviour in the high temperature region. The magnetic characteristic of the samples was investigated using the Alternating Current Susceptibility (ACS) and Vibrating Sample Magnetometer (VSM) techniques, which confirms the existence of a shift in phase from ferromagnetic (FM) to paramagnetic (PM). The T C value exhibits a declining trend from 298.8 K (y = 0) to 274.8 K (y = 0.1). [Display omitted] • The La 0.7 Pb 0.3 Mn 1−y V y O 3 (y = 0 – 0.1) samples crystallized in Rhombohedral structure with a space-group of R-3c. • Modification in metal-insulator transition as T MI values decrease from 292 K (y = 0) to 250 K (y = 0.1) • T C value indicate a decreasing pattern as the V concentration increases, from 298.8 K (y = 0) to 274.8 K (y = 0.1) [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Using nitrilotriacetic acid (NTA) as the capping agent, β -NaYF 4 upconversion microcrystals (UCMCs) were successfully synthesized via a hydrothermal synthesis method. Systematic investigations were conducted to evaluate the influence of NTA/Ln molar ratio, NaF/Ln molar ratio, and pH on the morphology, size, and crystal phase characteristics of the UCMCs. Multiple characterization techniques, such as scanning electron microscope (SEM) and X-ray diffractometer (XRD), were employed to elucidate these effects. The experimental findings reveal that these parameters exert a substantial influence on the morphology and size of the UCMCs, with the crystal phase alterations primarily governed by variations in the NaF/Ln molar ratio. Furthermore, a comprehensive exploration of the growth mechanism of UCMCs was undertaken based on the modulation of reaction time. The emission spectra of the synthesized UCMCs were meticulously investigated, unveiling that microcrystals exhibiting larger size and enhanced crystallinity display more pronounced luminescent properties. Comparative analysis with UCMCs synthesized using ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) and sodium citrate (Na 3 Cit) as capping agents, which are extensively applied in diverse fields, demonstrated the superior luminescence properties of the newly obtained NTA-UCMCs. In addition, NTA-UCMCs were also employed for the fabrication of transparent and flexible fluorescent films. This research thus presents a novel approach for the synthesis of highly luminescent UCMCs, holding promise for various applications in practical contexts. [Display omitted] • β -NaYF 4 : Yb3+, Er3+ UCMCs were synthesized via hydrothermal method with nitrilotriacetic acid (NTA) used as a capping agent. • NTA/Ln, F/Ln and pH were observed to exert pronounced influences on the morphological characteristics and size of the UCMCs. • The upconversion emission intensity intricately linked to the morphology, size, and surface ligands of the UCMCs. • NTA-assisted synthesis was observed to result in UCMCs with a hexagonal prism morphology, displaying enhanced luminescence. • The combination of NTA-UCMCs and polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) resulted in the formation of a transparent fluorescent film. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Building constructions are vulnerable to a major financial loss due to the dangerous degrading process of steel corrosion in reinforced concrete, which requires frequent repairs. This study examined the durability of steel cement-based covers and steel corrosion in two severe media, NaCl and MgSO 4. The degree of penetration of these harmful ions was determined by monitoring the mechanical properties and porosity profile (using the N 2 -adsorption/desorption technique) of cement-based steel covers made from OPC and fine metakaolin (FMK) reinforced by micro-titania (MT). Additionally, after the immersed steels were exposed to solutions containing 7% NaCl and 7% MgSO 4 for four months, the steel corrosion rates (CR, mpy) were assessed. The results demonstrated that blending OPC by FMK up to 30% could develop mechanical properties similar to plain OPC at later hydration periods of 28 and 90 days. XRD and TGA/DSC analyses connected this behavior to the emergence of novel phases, namely strätlingite and hydrogarnet, in OPC/FMK combinations. Better mechanical performance was demonstrated by blended mixes containing between 1% and 3% MT in all curing media. The replacement of OPC with 30% FMK in the presence of 3% MT resulted in significant changes in the porous system from macro to meso-nature, as confirmed by the BET and BJH models. Under normal, sulphate, and chloride curing, respectively, the maximum pore diameters (dp max) decreased by 66.19%, 78.40%, and 79.14%. When CSH clusters were observed under a scanning electron microscope (SEM), they seemed to be symmetrical and organized, similar to floral crystals. This development is partially attributed to micro TiO 2. Based on CR values, it was found that steel corrosion was higher in MgSO 4 solutions than in NaCl solutions. Steel coverings made of OPC/FMK composites with 3% MT were able to reduce CR by 65.8% in MgSO 4 solutions and by 56% in NaCl solutions. • Steel corrosion and steel cement-based cover durability in two severe media, NaCl and MgSO 4 was assessed. • Cement-based steel covers developed from OPC and fine metakaolin (FMK) reinforced by micro-titania (MT) were applied. • At later hydration durations, blending OPC by FMK up to 30% acquires acceptable mechanical characteristics. • Blended mixtures with approximately 1% and 3% MT possessed better mechanical performance in all curing media. • Steel corrosion in MgSO 4 solutions was determined to be greater than in NaCl solutions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Recently, the development of epoxy composite coatings with smart anti-corrosion features has been considered in many studies. Using inhibitor-loaded nanocarriers, i.e., layered double hydroxides (LDH) and metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) has attracted recent attention. In this work, the hybrid LDH@ZIF8 was constructed and applied in the epoxy coating as a dual-functional nanocarrier. In this study, firstly, LDH nano-size lamellar was synthesized followed by surface modification with nano-porous ZIF8 3D structures. Afterward, to provide further corrosion inhibition properties, phosphate ions were doped and the resultant particles were introduced into the epoxy coating. Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, scanning electron microscope (SEM), and X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis were utilized to characterize the nanoparticles and they were a good indicator to prove the successful surface modification. Via inductively coupled plasma (ICP), the inhibitor pH/ion-responsive release (i.e., PO 4 3− anions, Zn2+ cations) ability at various pHs was screened. Electrochemical measurements proved the inhibitive action of the phosphate-doped LDH@ZIF8 structures in the solution state (75.99 % inhibition index). EIS results revealed that after incorporating the phosphate-doped LDH@ZIF8 nano-hybrid into the epoxy coating its barrier properties were significantly improved (impedance values>1010 Ω.cm2). Besides, the phosphate-doped LDH@ZIF8 filled epoxy (with artificial scratch) showed about 57 % self-healing index. The adhesion bond durability was significantly improved after the addition of phosphate-doped LDH@ZIF8. About 69 % improvement in the wet adhesion (pull-off test) and 73 % reduction of cathodic delamination diameter (CD test) were recorded for the epoxy coating loaded with phosphate-doped LDH@ZIF8 compared to the blank epoxy. Generally, using phosphate-doped LDH@ZIF8, both barrier and active corrosion protection properties of the epoxy coating were significantly improved, and compared to similar works reported in literature better anti-corrosion durability was reached. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• A novel extraction adsorbent composite of MWCNTs/NH 2 -MIL-101(Fe) was synthesized. • MWCNTs were wrapped around MOFs, providing physical support for the crystal structure. • The synthesized composite exhibited more stability and durability than pure MOFs. • The method showed high extraction recovery for neonicotinoid pesticides. A novel extraction adsorbent composite of MWCNTs/NH2-MIL-101(Fe) was synthesized, and was used to extract 6 kinds of neonicotinoid pesticides in medicine and food homology products. The composite was characterized by scanning electron microscope (SEM), fourier transform-infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy, and X-ray powder diffraction (XRD). MWCNTs were enveloped around MOFs to provide physical support for the crystal structure. The adsorbent has higher adsorption capacity and reusability than pure NH2-MIL-101(Fe). Combined with UPLC-MS/MS, the method showed the low limit of detection (LOD) and limit of quantitation (LOQ) of 0.01–0.07 μg/kg and 0.04–0.22 µg/kg, respectively. It exhibited high extraction recovery of 77.86–101.10% for neonicotinoid pesticides in spiked samples. Meanwhile, this novel method could be successfully employed for the detection of other medicine and food homology products. Compared with previous reports, this method has advantages in detection limit and extraction recovery, indicating that it can be a preferential choice for the detection of neonicotinoid pesticides. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

YVO 4 :Er3+, Nd3+ powders were prepared by the modified sol gel synthesis route using glucose as chelating agent and characterized by X-ray powder diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscope (SEM). Under 660 nm excitation, four infrared emission bands located between 790 and 845 nm, 870 and 930 nm, 950 and 1030 nm, and between 1050 and 1100 nm were observed, and were assigned the transitions 4F 5/2 – 4I 9/2 (Nd) and 4I 9/2 – 4I 15/2 (Er), 4F 3/2 – 4I 9/2 (Nd), 4I 11/2 – 4I 15/2 (Er), and 4F 3/2 – 4I 11/2 (Nd), respectively. The performance of these powders as optical temperature sensors using the luminescence intensity ratio (LIR) technique between thermally coupled levels (TCLs) and non-thermally coupled levels (non-TCLs) was studied within the temperature range of 293–373 K. Using different combinations of the emission intensities at 809, 880, 914 and 1003 nm, three distinct (LIR) temperature sensors schemes were built, with both excitation and emission within the first and second biological window. These LIRs relative sensitivity (Sr) and temperature uncertainties (δ T) were investigated for samples with different Er and Nd concentrations. Sr values up to 2.08 ± 0.03%. K−1 and δ T smaller than 1 K, were obtained. Repeatability and reproducibility tests demonstrated the reliability of the proposed LIRs. • New schemes for luminescent nanothermometry with YVO 4 :Er/Nd were proposed. • Luminescent intensity ratio between pairs of coupled and uncoupled levels were explored. • Excitation and emission wavelengths within the first and second biological window. • Highly sensitive were found, with constant values between 293 and 373 K. • Strong potential for temperature sensing in biological applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Novel Tb x Bi 1-x FeO 3 nanoparticles decorated over carbon nanotubes were synthesized. • XRD analysis confirmed the structure of synthesized samples. • Tb x Bi 1-x FeO 3 /CNT showed 63.5 % degradation of crystal violet. • Tb x Bi 1-x FeO 3 nano-particles decorated on CNTs demonstrated synergistic effect of photocatalytic activity and adsorption. This study aims to investigate the usage of Tb x Bi 1-x FeO 3 (x = 0.0, 0.020) composite with CNTs as photocatalyst for the photodegradation of pendimethalin and crystal violet dye. Using the wet chemical and ultra-sonication method, uniformly sized BiFeO 3 , Tb-doped BiFeO 3, and Tb-doped BiFeO 3 /CNT composite samples were prepared. Powder X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and Scanning electron microscope (SEM) were utilized for characterization purpose. The crystallite size of the BiFeO 3 particles with cubic spinel structure was observed to be 25.2 nm. Following the pseudo-first-order kinetics, the as-synthesized photocatalyst was found to have excellent photocatalytic degradation efficiency for the degradation of crystal violet and pendimethalin. Tb-BiFeO 3 /CNTs degrade pendimethalin by 55% and crystal violet by 63.5% with better rate constants than its counterparts. The better photocatalytic activity was displayed via Tb- BiFeO 3 /CNT composite than other prepared samples due to the incorporation of CNTs which provides greater surface area for photodegradation of harmful pollutants. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Breakthrough of glass forming ability limitation has been a longstanding pursuit in metallic glasses. In present work, an ultrasonic welding technology was used to achieve this goal. The La 55 Al 25 Ni 5 Cu 10 Co 5 rods were bonded together. Results of computed tomography and scanning electron microscope show that the weld seam tends to narrow gradually and disappear with the increase of welding energy. X-ray diffraction indicated that it preserves completely amorphous structure. In addition, the hardness of the weld position increased with the increase of energy, showing the interfaces bonded together. Image, graphical abstract [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

TiO 2 nanopowders and Cu-doped TiO 2 were prepared by high-energy ball milling and characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), UV–vis diffuse reflectance (UV–vis - DRS) spectra, a scanning electron microscope (SEM), an energy dispersive spectrum (EDS) and an X-ray photoelectron spectrometer (XPS) to study the effect of Cu doping amount, milling time and balls-to-powder ratio on the microstructure and antimicrobial activity of the nanopowders. The results show that the mean size of the powders is reduced to below 100 nm after 3 h of milling. The prepared copper-doped TiO 2 powders have excellent antibacterial activity against the Gram bacteria, which depends on the degree of copper doping. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this work, we develop a new technique to simultaneously increase the Seebeck coefficient and electrical conductivity in order to achieve a giant power factor. 16 samples of CZTS thin films (TFs) are synthesized using the chemical solution method by varying the Cu+2, Zn+2, Sn+2 and S+4 mol concentrations alternatively. This variation of molar concentration generates secondary phases in the grown TFs which cause an enhancement in the value of Seebeck coefficient and mobility of carriers. The calculated absolute values of electrical conductivity and Seebeck coefficient and power factor are found to be 884 μV/oC, 183 S/cm and 1.43 × 10−2 Wm−1K−2 respectively for sample having a molar concentration of Cu atoms 2.5 mM. We carefully optimized these values with the number of extra secondary (binary and ternary) phases and it is found that sample grown using the molar concentration of Cu 2.5 mM has the highest density of secondary phases. This behavior of thermoelectric properties with a number of secondary phases is also tested for all 16 samples and a similar trend is observed. To support the existence of secondary phases, we have performed a number of characterization techniques such as x-ray diffraction, Raman spectroscopy, scanning electron microscope (SEM) and UV/Vis spectroscopy. All data presented in this manuscript suggested that power factor can be enhanced significantly by controlling the number of secondary phases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Bacillus Sphaericus possesses maximum urease activity and therefore, is suitable to be used for bacterial calcite precipitation in concrete. • Cement was replaced with MBS at various percentage levels. The strengths and durability characteristics were evaluated. • An improvement in strength and durability was observed with an optimum level of 8% MBS and 20 ml bacteria. • Through XRD analysis, it was observed that with MBS and bacteria, the intensity of peaks is higher. • The cracks were visualized for 3 days and 7 days which confirmed the healing of cracks due to the formation of calcite precipitate. The main idea of this study is to evaluate the mechanical and durability properties of high strength concrete specimens by incorporating an alternative for cement along with bacteria for healing cracks. The classic methods which are used for healing cracks involve the use of ordinary synthetic polymers which further cause a lot of damage to the environment. Therefore, the use of sustainable strategies like ingesting bacterial culture into the concrete mix along with an alternative replacement for cement can act as an active support for both nature as well as construction industries. In this paper, control concrete, concrete made by replacing cement with Micronized Biomass Silica (MBS) at 4%, 8% and 12% and bacteria induced concrete are compared. The bacteria used is Bacillus Sphaericus with optical density as 1.00 and is mixed in control as well as MBS made concrete specimens at different levels of 10 ml, 20 ml, 30 ml for each. With a total of 16 mix designs of characteristic compressive strength 60 N/mm2 at the age of 28 days curing (M60 grade) high strength concrete cubes, cylinders and beams are compared on grounds of compressive strength, splitting tensile, flexural strengths, water absorption and sorptivity. It was concluded that, specimens with 8% MBS and 20 ml bacteria showed optimum results based on strength and durability characteristics. Further, an artificial crack was induced in the specimen and the bacteria's healing activities along with calcite precipitation were examined through X-Ray diffraction, Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) and visualization analysis. A high intensity of peaks was observed with MBS and bacteria and the cracks were visualized for 3 days and 7 days which ratified the healing of cracks due to the formation of calcite precipitate which was confirmed through SEM Analysis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, the best performance of the MgH 2 destabilized system with different ratios of Cd (1:1, 2:1, 3:1 and 4:1) have been studied for the first time. Remarkable enhancements on the onset dehydrogenation temperature, as well as the isothermal de/rehydrogenation kinetics were shown by the 4MgH 2 + Cd composite. In order to improve the hydrogen storage properties of the 4MgH 2 + Cd, TiF 3 was added and its catalytic effects were investigated. Temperature programmed dehydrogenation result had revealed that the onset dehydrogenation temperature was improved once the 10 wt% TiF 3 was incorporated into the 4MgH 2 + Cd system. The absorption and desorption kinetics were also improved compared to the un-doped 4MgH 2 + Cd composite system. The scanning electron microscope result had displayed that the 4MgH 2 + Cd + 10 wt% TiF 3 had the smallest particle size compared to the pure and the ball-milled MgH 2 , as well as the 4MgH 2 + Cd composite system. The X-ray diffraction results had demonstrated the formation of an intermediate compound, Mg 3 Cd, which was formed during the heating process. For the TiF 3 -doped sample, it is reasonable to conclude that the in - situ formed TiH 2 and F-containing species play a synergetic role to encourage interactions between the MgH 2 and the Cd and thus further ameliorate the performances of the hydrogen storage of 4MgH 2 + Cd composite system. • The H 2 storage properties of MgH 2 /Cd TiF 3 have been studied for the first time. • Sorption properties of MgH 2 /Cd are improved after adding with TiF 3. • E A for hydrogen desorption of doped composite was lowered to 107.0 kJ/mol. • The in - situ formation of the TiH 2 and F-containing species play a synergetic role. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Noncrystalline GeSeSn film was manufactured on a c-Si wafer by vacuum evaporation to create GeSeSn/c-Si heterojunction. X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscope (SEM) techniques were used to estimate its structure nature, which confirmed that GeSeSn film was noncrystalline, and uniform. The current-voltage (I – V) characteristics for GeSeSn/c-Si heterojunction were explored at various temperatures extended from 298 to 363 K. The created GeSeSn/c-Si diode has displayed excellent rectifying properties with a rectification ratio of 1.82. Additionally, the diode parameters like the series resistance, ideality factor, and the barrier height were estimated from I – V curves. The optoelectronic attributes of this diode were examined through the I – V characteristics under the light with a power of 80 mW/cm2. The efficiency of GeSeSn/c-Si diode was assessed and found to be 5.15% • Heterojunctions of GeSeSn/c-Si were performed by vacuum evaporation technique. • GeSeSn/c-Si diode displayed rectifying conduct with a rectification ratio of 1.82 • GeSeSn/c-Si cell displayed an efficiency of 5.15% under 80 mW/cm2 power intensity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Better fresh characteristics of SCC mixtures were found up to 40% incorporation of GCW. • Incorporation of GCW up to 40% improved the mechanical strength characteristics of SCC. • Superior impermeability characteristics of concrete mixtures were found up to 40% incorporation of GCW. • Scanning electron microscopic and X-ray diffraction analysis indicated the denser microstructure of granite modified SCC. Continuous stockpiling of granite industrial by-product enforced researchers to use this waste in a sustainable manner in concrete to reduce its adverse impacts on the ecosystem. Therefore, fresh and hardened properties of self-compacting concrete (SCC) containing granite cutting waste (GCW) were assessed in this study. The GCW was used at an increased step level replacement of 20% of fine aggregate (i.e. river sand) up to 100%. Slump flow, T 500 time, V-funnel, L-box, and J-ring tests were performed to assess the fresh properties of SCC mixes, whereas, compressive strength, flexural strength, ultrasonic pulse velocity, water absorption and water permeability tests were conducted for measuring the hardened properties of SCC mixes. Results of fresh properties tests for all of the mixtures were found within the satisfactory limit as per EFNARC standard except the mix prepared with 100% GCW. The incorporation of GCW in SCC mixes showed an increment in the compressive and flexural strength at 20% replacement level and decrement in both strength characteristics beyond 20% replacement. Moreover, even at 40% replacement level, the flexural strength was found to be higher with respect to the control mix. The better impermeability characteristics and higher ultrasonic pulse velocity values of granite modified SCC mixtures were found up to 40% incorporation of GCW as compared to the control SCC mix. The scanning electron microscope and X-ray diffraction analysis also validated the results of hardened characteristics. Granite modified SCC mixtures showed satisfactory performance during fresh and hardened characteristics test, it was therefore inferred that GCW could be used efficiently to engender sustainable SCC mixes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • According to the XRD analysis of Ni 0.4 Zn 0.35 Co 0.25 Fe 2-x Gd x O 4 ferrites (x = 0.0, 0.02, 0.04,0.06, 0.08, and 0.1) ferrites prepared by the solid-state reaction method. • Morphological analysis, the sample exhibits a spherical cube shape, homogeneous particle size, and uniform texture. • The FTIR spectrum shows two peaks at 388–405 cm−1 and 580–610 cm−1 shows the spinel phase formation. • For Gd3+ replaced samples, the ferrites' coercivity is reduced. • The addition of Gd3+ reduces the DC resistivity and hence the activation energy. Gd3+ substituted NiZnCo ferrite materials with the chemical formula Ni 0.4 Zn 0.35 Co 0.25 Fe 2– x Gd x O 4 (x = 0.0, 0.02, 0.04, 0.06, 0.08 and 0.1) were synthesized with the solid-state approach. We have concentrated more on the impact of ferrite synthesis on crystal structure, microstructure, and magnetoelectric characteristics. XRD shows the pure cubic spinel structure. Images taken with a SEM microscope supported the formation of nanoparticles. The sample's spinel structures were again validated with FTIR, confirming the existence of their functional group. Prepared samples' saturation magnetization, remanence, and coercivity were calculated using VSM data, which decreased with Gd3+ substitution. The metal-to-semiconductor transition was seen within the sample's DC resistivity study with respect to temperature. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • A completely transparent alumino-silicate geopolymer was successfully synthesized. • Geopolymer has a similar crystal structure like zeolite as an inorganic binder. • Geopolymer is suitable for EPD process by improving adhesion of coating. • Geopolymer has solidification of polycondensation reaction due to pH localization. A completely transparent alumino-silicate geopolymer was successfully synthesized via the reactions of hydrolysis and polymerization. X-ray diffraction (XRD), fourier transform infrared (FT-IR), differential thermal analysis (TG-DTA), scanning electron microscope (FE-SEM), and energy dispersive X-ray (EDX) were employed to confirm the crystal structure as the component of Mg 0.5 [(Si-O)-(Al-O)]⋅1.8H 2 O, which has a similar crystal structure to that of zeolite, like [SiO 4 ] and [AlO 4 ] tetrahedrons connected to each other by oxygen bridge in a Si-O-Al chain The synthesized geopolymer was found to be suitably used for electrophoretic deposition process (EPD) by significantly improving the adhesion of the coatings deposited by the EPD process as a new inorganic binder via a solidification of polycondensation reaction in the vicinity of cathode during the EPD process due to pH localization, even no any cracks and/or peeling in the coatings after thermal treatment at high temperature. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • Well-crystallized Ni 3 S 4 /NiS 2 composite powder were synthesized without using any surfactants. • Synthesis process was carried out in ChCl-EG DES at low temperature and atmosphere pressure. • Reaction mechanism of Ni 3 S 4 /NiS 2 was discussed. Ni 3 S 4 /NiS 2 composite powder with controllable morphology and proportion is synthesized without using any surfactant in choline chloride-ethylene glycol (ChCl-EG) deep eutectic solvent (DES) at 120 °C. The products are characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscope (SEM), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) to reveal the effects of reaction time, and reactant concentration on their composition and structure. The reaction mechanism for synthesizing Ni 3 S 4 /NiS 2 in ChCl-EG DES is also elaborated. The results show that different proportions of wrinkled, lamellar and layer-rolled Ni 3 S 4 /NiS 2 can be obtained by controlling the concentration of NiCl 2 ·6H 2 O and Na 2 S 2 O 3 ·5H 2 O. The analysis found that the reaction mechanism of Ni 3 S 4 /NiS 2 is Ni(II) reacting with S 2 O 3 2− and H 2 O to form Ni 3 S 4 , NiS 2 , SO 4 2−, and H+. The NMR hydrogen spectrum (1H NMR), NMR carbon spectrum (13C NMR) and FT-IR tests of ChCl-EG indicate that it is structurally stable, and acted as a solvent and template during the reaction process. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A series of single-phase white-light-emitting BaGa 2 O 4 :xDy3+(x = 0.1,0.3,0.5,0.7,1) phosphors have been synthesised using solid-state reaction technique. The structural studies using the X-ray diffraction (XRD) technique indicate that the phosphors are single-phase and Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) study reveals that the particle size is in micrometer range. The phosphors emit white light with peaks at 346 nm, 357 nm, 386 nm, and 426 nm generated by Dy3+ ion transitions (6H 15/2 → 6P 7/2), (6H 15/2 → 6P 9/2), (6H 15/2 → 4F 7/2 +4I 13/2) and (6H 15/2 → 4G 11/2). The colour coordinates calculated for BaGa 2 O 4 :xDy3+ (x = 0.5,0.7) phosphors are identical to the conventional white light. BaGa 2 O 4 :Dy3+ exhibits good Mechanoluminescence (ML) response at varied impact velocities for both unirradiated and gamma-irradiated samples. This characteristic is reasonably beneficial in the development of damage and pressure sensors. Thermoluminescence (TL) analysis shows a single glow curve of similar shape irrespective of increasing irradiation, and the TL parameters have been calculated. • Photoluminescence Emission spectra covers the entire visible Range (380–700 nm). • Phosphors exhibits colour coordinates (0.33,0.33) identical to conventional white light. • Un-irradiated phosphor shows linear increase in Mechanoluminescence. • Thermoluminescence reveals illumination at lower temperature. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

La 10 Si 6 O 27 powder was synthesized by a high-energy ball milling method and its sintered body was prepared by spark plasma sintering (SPS) technology. Phase structure, microscopic morphology, density, porosity and oxide ion conductivity of La 10 Si 6 O 27 were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscope (SEM), Archimedes method and alternating current (AC) impedance spectrum, respectively. XRD results showed the ball-milled powder could form apatite-type La 10 Si 6 O 27 at 1400 ℃. The crystal structure of La 10 Si 6 O 27 sintered body remained stable. SEM results showed that La 10 Si 6 O 27 sintered body using SPS sintering method had better sintering between grains and a large reduction in open pores compared to conventional sintering. Grains of the sintered body were clearly visible and the grain size was uniform, about 1 µm. Archimedes method analysis showed relative density of La 10 Si 6 O 27 sintered body is 100%, and open porosity is 0. Electrical conductivity of La 10 Si 6 O 27 sintered body has an Arrhenius relationship with temperature. • SPS has the advantages of energy saving and emission reduction. • The σ of La 10 Si 6 O 27 using SPS at 1200 ℃ is better than that of conventional sintering at 1500 ℃. • The preparation methods of LSO have been enriched. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]