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Introduction and Importance: Actinomycosis, a rare infection caused by Actinomyces spp., typically presents as a chronic condition affecting various regions, particularly the cervicofacial, thoracic, and abdominal areas. Its diagnosis is often difficult due to symptom overlap with malignancies and other infections. This report details a case of abdominal actinomycosis mimicking multiple intra-abdominal tumors, complicating diagnosis and treatment., Case Presentation: A 67-year-old male with uncontrolled type 2 diabetes presented with generalized abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting, constipation, and significant weight loss. Physical examination revealed distention and severe abdominal tenderness. Laboratory tests showed leukocytosis and anemia. Diagnostic laparotomy revealed multiple intra-abdominal tumors. Histopathology confirmed actinomycosis without malignancy or tuberculosis. Intravenous amoxicillin was started; however, the patient discharged himself against medical advice after two days due to personal reasons unrelated to his treatment plan. He returned three months later with persistent abdominal pain and additional hepatic lesions. Extended antibiotic therapy for 12 months led to the resolution of symptoms during follow-up., Clinical Discussion: Abdominal actinomycosis is rare and often associated with conditions like diabetes. This case underscores the infection's potential to mimic malignancy and highlights the need for considering actinomycosis in differential diagnoses of acute abdomen, especially in immunocompromised patients. The patient's uncontrolled diabetes likely contributed to the infection's development and spread., Conclusion: Abdominal actinomycosis can present acutely, mimicking neoplastic diseases with multiple intra-abdominal masses. Early recognition and prolonged antibiotic therapy are essential to prevent systemic spread, especially in immunocompromised individuals. Clinicians should consider actinomycosis in patients with poorly controlled diabetes and abdominal symptoms., Competing Interests: Conflict of interest statement None., (Copyright © 2024 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd.. All rights reserved.)

Introduction and Importance: Congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH) is rare, occurring in 1 in 2000 to 4000 live births, and is typically diagnosed in neonates. Bochdalek hernia is the most common type, usually presenting as a left-sided posterolateral defect. Adult presentations of CDH are uncommon and often incidental. This report discusses a young adult with an undiagnosed CDH, emphasizing the importance of clinical awareness., Case Presentation: A 26-year-old man presented with flu-like symptoms and stable vital signs. He reported chronic postprandial shortness of breath that improved with standing. Physical examination revealed decreased breath sounds on the left side. A chest X-ray identified a left diaphragmatic hernia, confirmed by spiral chest computed tomography. Although advised to undergo surgery, the patient opted for discharge against medical advice., Clinical Discussion: Bochdalek hernia, comprising over 95 % of CDH cases, is usually left-sided due to a defect in the pleuroperitoneal membrane. Adults with CDH often present with nonspecific symptoms or the condition is discovered incidentally. Our patient adapted to his symptoms by standing after meals, which provided relief. Surgical intervention is recommended to prevent organ damage, with various techniques available, including open and endoscopic surgery. This case highlights the necessity of clinical vigilance in diagnosing CDH in adults., Conclusion: Adult congenital diaphragmatic hernia, though rare, requires prompt surgical treatment to prevent organ damage. Recognizing subtle symptoms is crucial for diagnosis. This report contributes to the limited literature on adult-diagnosed CDH, stressing the need for clinical awareness and timely management., Competing Interests: Conflict of interest statement The authors declare that they have no competing interests., (Copyright © 2024 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd.. All rights reserved.)