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Pea protein isolates (PPI)/phlorotannins (PT)/chitosan (CS) ternary complex and PPI/CS binary complex were synthesized to prepare tomato seed oil (TSO) microcapsules. The concentration of PT was determined to be 0.025% (w/w) based on the solubility, emulsification, and UV-visible spectrum of PPI-PT complex. Subsequently, the optimal pHs associated with the formation of PPI/CS and PPI-PT/CS complex coacervates were determined to be pH 6.6 and 6.1, while the optimal ratios were 9:1 and 6:1, respectively. The coacervate microcapsules were successfully produced by freeze-dried method and those formulated with PPI-PT/CS displayed significantly lower surface oil content (14.57 ± 0.22%), higher encapsulation efficiency (70.54 ± 0.13%), lower particle size (5.97 ± 0.16 μm), and PDI (0.25 ± 0.02) than PPI/CS. The microcapsules were characterized by scanning electron microscopy and Fourier Transform infrared spectroscopy. Furthermore, the encapsulated TSO exhibited enhanced thermal and oxidative stability than that of free oil, along with microcapsules fabricated with PPI-PT/CS ternary complex showed better protection than that of free PT. Overall, PPI-PT/CS complex as an effective wall material in delivery system presented great potential., Competing Interests: Declaration of Competing Interest The authors declare the following financial interests/personal relationships which may be considered as potential competing interests: Luyun Cai reports article publishing charges and equipment, drugs, or supplies were provided by Ningbo Science and Technology Bureau. Luyun Cai reports article publishing charges and equipment, drugs, or supplies were provided by Wenzhou Science and Technology Bureau. Luyun Cai reports article publishing charges and equipment, drugs, or supplies were provided by Ningbo Science and Technology Innovation Association. Wenyu Liu reports article publishing charges and equipment, drugs, or supplies were provided by Xinjiang Autonomous., (Copyright © 2023 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)

In this work, naringenin loaded β-cyclodextrin and carbon quantum dots composite nanoparticles were successfully fabricated. The results showed that incorporation of carbon quantum dots not only enhanced antioxidant activities of nanoparticles but also improved encapsulation efficiency of naringenin. Further, the formation of composite nanoparticles was confirmed by a series of characterization methods. The zeta-potential and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy data proved that electrostatic interaction and hydrogen bonding are dominant forces to form nanoparticles. X-Ray Diffraction experiment revealed that the material state of the formed naringenin-β-CD-CQDs nanoparticles is amorphous in opposition to the crystalline state of naringenin, β-CD and naringenin-β-CD inclusion complex. Finally, antioxidant activity analyses against DPPH, ABTS + and Fe 2+ chelating, showed an enhanced antioxidant activity of the formed composite nanoparticles compared to their constituents. These results indicated that naringenin can be effectively entrapped in β-cyclodextrin and carbon quantum dots, forming composite nanoparticles with improved antioxidant properties., (Copyright © 2021 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)

To improve the quality of cultured large yellow croaker (Larimichthys crocea), this study was performed to study the impacts of glycerol monolaurate (GML) on the nutritional value, growth performance, muscle texture, and taste intensity of L. crocea. The results showed that GML as a feed additive significantly increased the crude lipid content and reduced the diameters of muscle fibers, which in turn markedly altered the flesh texture in terms of cohesiveness. Moreover, the taste indicators (umami and richness) and flavor-related amino acid (glutamic acid, glycine, and proline) contents of L. crocea muscle were significantly higher in the GML group. Metabolomic and gene expression analyses showed that GML supplementation could significantly improve amino acid biosynthesis and metabolism, promote protein and lipid synthesis, and activate myogenic-related signaling pathways of L. crocea. Consequently, adding an appropriate amount of GML to fish feed would be conducive to providing healthy, nutrient-rich and acceptably flavored aquatic-products., (Copyright © 2021 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)

The interaction between herring antifreeze protein (hAFP) and ice crystals was studied by molecular dynamics simulation in this paper. On this basis, the effect of hAFP on the quality attributes of largemouth bass after three freezing-thawing (F-T) cycles was studied. Scanning electron microscope was conducted to analyze the microstructure changes of muscle fibers. The content of dityrosine/total sulfhydryl/carbonyl and the Ca 2+ -ATPase activity were measured to explore the degree of protein oxidation. Raman and intrinsic fluorescence spectra were used to measure the protein secondary structure and tertiary conformation. Results showed that hAFP protected the organisms from freezing by binding to the ice crystals, decreasing the freezing point and inhibiting the recrystallization. Furthermore, hAFP combined with chitosan magnetic (CS@Fe 3 O 4 ) nanoparticles or vacuum impregnation hAFP was shown to be an effective method to reduce the mechanical damage of ice crystals to samples, and decrease the oxidation degree of samples during F-T cycles., Competing Interests: Declaration of Competing Interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2020 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)

This study examined the effect of herring antifreeze protein (hAFP) combined with chitosan magnetic nanoparticles (CS@Fe 3 O 4 ), applied through vacuum impregnation, on protein conformation and moisture state of red sea bream during freeze-thaw cycles. DSC and dynamic rheology were used to analyze physicochemical changes. Raman, intrinsic fluorescence and second derivative UV spectrometry were used to explore the structural changes of myofibrillar proteins. Surface hydrophobicity, particle size and zeta-potential were used to analyze protein aggregation and denaturation. AV, POV, and TBA were used to determine the degree of lipid oxidation. LF-NMR and MRI were used to test water migration and distribution. The results indicated that pretreatment of red sea bream through vacuum impregnation with hAFP combined with CS@Fe 3 O 4 solutions could minimize freeze-thaw damage, prevent protein and lipid oxidation. Therefore, these results confirm the importance of hAFP as a valuable food additive in frozen foods., (Copyright © 2019 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)

The iTRAQ-based quantitative proteomic strategy was used to reveal the effects of magnetic nanoparticles plus microwave thawing (MNPMT) on the largemouth bass fillets quality. A total number of 47 proteins were identified as differentially abundant proteins (DAPs) in fillets treated by microwave thawing (MT), while 13 DAPs were in MNPMT. Bioinformatics analysis of Gene ontology (GO) enrichment, Kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes (KEGG) pathway enrichment, Protein-protein interaction (PPI) and subcellular localization prediction of DAPs showed that many DAPs were involved in protein structure, metabolic enzymes, protein turnover and so on. The correlation analyses indicated that 14 DAPs were significantly related with the fillet quality traits. Besides, several discovered proteins might be potential protein markers for pH, color, cooking loss and centrifuge loss of thawed largemouth bass fillet quality. These results provided a further understanding of quality stability of largemouth bass fillet treated by MNPMT from the perspective of proteomics., (Copyright © 2019 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)

In order to evaluate the effects of magnetic nanoparticles plus microwave (MNPMT) or far-infrared (MNPFT) thawing on protein conformation changes and moisture migration of red seabream (Pagrus major) fillets, cold storage thawing, microwave thawing, MNPMT, far-infrared thawing and MNPFT were subjected to red seabream fillets. DSC and dynamic rheology were conducted to analyze physicochemical changes. Raman spectra before and after isotope H/D exchange, intrinsic fluorescence and UV second derivative spectra were carried out to explore myofibrillar protein structural changes. Low-field NMR was used to test water migration. SEM was performed to observe fiber microstructure. Results indicated that MNPMT and MNPFT both had a desirable thermal stability and gelation property. Besides, both showed stable protein secondary and tertiary structure. Immobilized water in them also had no significant changes compared with fresh sample. This research provided some novel thawing technologies for application in food industry., (Copyright © 2018 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)

The combined effects of gum arabic coating (GA) and ergothioneine (ER) treatment on the sensory and physicochemical characteristics of red sea bream (Pagrosomus major) stored at 4 ± 1 °C for 16 days were investigated. Fish proximate composition, pH value, total volatile basic nitrogen (TVB-N), thiobarbituric acid (TBA), K-value, TCA-soluble peptides, colour, texture profile analyses (TPA), microbiological properties and sensory quality were measured. The results indicate that treatment with gum arabic and ergothioneine (GAER) retarded nucleotide breakdown, lipid oxidation, protein degradation, and reduced microbial growth compare with the control. The efficiency was better than that of GA or ER treatment. Sensory evaluation proved the efficacy of GAER coating by maintaining the overall quality of red sea bream during the storage period. Furthermore, GAER maintained better colour and textural characteristics. Our study suggests that GAER treatment has potential to improve the quality of red sea bream and extend its storage life., (Copyright © 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)

Button mushrooms (Agaricus bisporus) were dipped for 10min in different concentrations (0.5, 1, and 2mM) of 2,2'-(hydroxynitrosohydrazino)-bisethanamine (DETANO), a nitric oxide donor, then packed in biorientated polypropylene (BOPP) bags, heat sealed and stored at 4°C for 16days (d). Mushroom weight loss, firmness, colour, percent open caps, total phenolics, ascorbic acid and H2O2 contents, superoxide anion (O2(-)) production rate and activities of polyphenol oxidase (PPO), superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and ascorbate peroxidase (APX) were measured. The results indicate that treatment with 1mM DETANO maintained a high level of firmness, delayed browning and cap opening, promoted the accumulation of phenolics, ascorbic acid and reduced the increases in both O2(-) production rate and H2O2 content. Furthermore, NO inhibited the activity of PPO, and increased the antioxidant enzymes activities of CAT, SOD and APX throughout storage period. Thus it was observed that application of NO in combination with modified atmosphere packaging (MAP) can extend the storage life of button mushroom up to 12d., (Copyright © 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)