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This study investigates the dual role of copper ions in catalysis and complexation during the oxidation of lignosulfonates with hydrogen peroxide (H 2 O 2 ) under alkaline conditions. The presence of copper ions reduces partial oxidation by 86 % compared to H 2 O 2 treatment alone, enhancing overall conversion efficiency to 63 % under increased oxidative conditions. Analyses reveal that copper-lignosulfonate complexes facilitate redox cycling and hydroxyl radical generation through interactions with H 2 O 2 , confirming copper's dual functions. This mechanism mitigates the hindrance of sulfonic groups on hydroperoxide anions, leading to lignosulfonate degradation into dicarboxylic acids. These findings provide novel insights into the copper-lignosulfonate/H 2 O 2 system, expanding the understanding of oxidative degradation mechanisms beyond traditional Fenton-like reactions. Furthermore, this system offers a simplified and efficient alternative for industrial applications, particularly in integration with the sulfite pretreatment process of woody biomass for producing valuable co-products., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare the following financial interests/personal relationships which may be considered as potential competing interests: Phisit Seesuriyachan reports financial support was provided by the Thailand Science Research and Innovation, Thailand Research Fund (TRF), and National Research Council of Thailand. If there are other authors, they declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2024 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)

An integrated process for xylooligosaccharides (XOs) and bioethanol production from corncob was investigated. XOs were produced by a consecutive process of KOH treatment and hydrolysis by an in-house thermostable endo-xylanase from Streptomyces thermovulgaris. XO yields of 0.15 g/g KOH-treated corncob (22.13 g/L) and 0.52 g/g raw corncob of cellulose-rich corncob (CRC) were obtained. After 96 h of enzymatic hydrolysis, CRC hydrolysate contained 62.16, 51.21, 10.03 and 0.92 g/L of total sugar, glucose, xylose and arabinose, respectively. Bioethanol production by separate hydrolysis and fermentation (SHF) using CRC hydrolysate, and by simultaneous saccharification and fermentation (SSF) using CRC was studied at 40 °C for thermotolerant Candida glabrata. SHF showed an ethanol yield of 0.28 g/g CRC (21.92 g/L) and ethanol productivity of 0.304 g/L/h with 93% theoretical yield. Surprisingly, by SSF, those parameters were 0.27 g/g CRC (31.32 g/L), 0.33 g/L/h and 89%, respectively. This integrated process might be a new cost-effective approach for corncob valorization., (Copyright © 2018 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)

In this study, the pressures at 50-500MPa were evaluated at different time to pretreat and further enzyme hydrolysis. The ultra-high pressure (UHP) pretreatment at 100MPa for 10min led to improved accessibility of enzyme for conversion of xylan to xylooligosaccharide (XOS). The maximum XOS yield of 35.6mg/g substrate was achieved and firstly reported at 10% (w/v) of substrate, 100U of endo-xylanase/g corncobs and incubation time of 18h. The enzymatic hydrolysis efficiency was increased by 180.3% and released a high amount of xylobiose. The UHP pretreatment relatively did not affect to the composition of corncob, but decreased 34.3% of lignin. Interestingly, antioxidant activities of XOS using UHP pretreatment were higher than untreated corncob. The UHP pretreatment improved lignocellulosic destructuration and XOS yields in a shorter time without the need of chemicals, implying that UHP could be an effective pretreatment of biomass with a chemical-free process., (Copyright © 2017 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)

The acid biocoagulants produced from non-sterile lactic acid fermentation by Lactobacillus casei TISTR 1500 were used to settle colloidal protein, mainly casein, at the isoelectric point in dairy effluent prior to secondary treatment. High concentration of azo dye (Ponceau 4R) in the dairy wastewater and the stress of starvation decreased the efficiencies of the micro-aerobic SBR. Consequently, low casein recovery obtained and organic removal suffered a decline. The number of lactic acid bacteria (LAB) also declined from log 7.4 to log 5.30 in the system fed with 400 mg L(-1) of the dye containing wastewater. The recovery of the system, however, showed that 25,000 mg COD L(-1) influent with 200 mg L(-1) of the dye maintained the growth of LAB in the range of log 7.74-8.12, with lactic and acetic production (2597 and 197 mg L(-1)) and 83% protein removal. The results in this study suggested that the inhibitory effects were compensated with high organic content feeding.