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Background: To evaluate capecitabine-docetaxel (XT), with trastuzumab (H) in human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2)-positive disease, in inoperable locally advanced breast cancer (LABC)., Patients and Methods: Patients received up to six neoadjuvant 21-day cycles of capecitabine 900 mg/m(2) twice daily, days 1-14, plus docetaxel 36 mg/m(2), days 1 and 8. Patients with HER2-positive disease also received trastuzumab 6 mg/kg every 3 weeks. The primary end point was pathologic complete response (pCR) rate, evaluated separately in HER2-negative and HER2-positive cohorts. Secondary end points included clinical response rates and tolerability., Results: The pCR rate was 15% [95% confidence interval (CI) 7-28] in 53 patients receiving XT and 40% (95% CI 26-55) in 50 patients receiving HXT. After neoadjuvant therapy, 50 patients receiving XT and 45 receiving HXT underwent surgery. No unexpected toxicity was observed: the most common grade ≥3 adverse events were diarrhea/mucositis (30% and 20%, respectively) and grade 3 hand-foot syndrome (11% and 6%, respectively). Disease-free survival and overall survival were similar with XT and HXT after median follow-up of 22 months in the XT cohort and 21 months in the HXT cohort., Conclusion: Neoadjuvant XT (HXT in HER2-positive disease) is highly effective in inoperable LABC, demonstrating pCR rates of 15% and 40%, respectively. This non-anthracycline-containing regimen offers obvious benefits in early disease, where avoidance of long-term cardiotoxicity is particularly important.