51 results on '"sun protection"'
Search Results
2. Sun protection and antibacterial activities of carotenoids from the soft coral Sinularia sp. symbiotic bacteria from Panjang Island, North Java Sea
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Lia Kusmita, Annisa Nur Prasetyo Edi, Yuvianti Dwi Franyoto, Mutmainah, Sri Haryanti, and Agustina Dwi Retno Nurcahyanti
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Carotenoids ,Bacterial symbiont ,Sinularia sp. ,Antioxidant ,Antibacterial ,Sun protection ,Therapeutics. Pharmacology ,RM1-950 - Abstract
Carotenoids have shown beneficial applications in cosmetology, pharmacology, and medicine. However, environmental stress in the marine environment can trigger the production of unique secondary metabolites, such as carotenoids. These compounds can also be sustainably produced by symbiotic bacteria. We hypothesized that the soft corals in tropical regions may produce diverse biological secondary metabolites, including carotenoids, both by the host organism and their bacterial symbiont. The unique carotenoids may provide promising biological activity such as antioxidant, UV photoprotector, and antibacterial activities. To this end, we isolated and characterized the carotenoids isolated from the bacterial symbiont of Sinularia sp., a soft coral from Panjang Island, North Java Sea, strain 19. PP.Sc.13. Bacterial identification was performed using DNA barcoding of the 16S rRNA region. Identification of carotenoids was carried out using a spectrophotometer, High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC), and attenuated total reflection fourier-transformed infrared (ATR-FTIR) spectroscopy. The antioxidant activity was estimated using the diphenylpicrylhydrazyl (DPPH) method, while the Sun Protection Factor (SPF) and % transmission of erythema and pigmentation were determined based on colorimetric methods. The antibacterial activity assay was carried out using the agar diffusion method against two multidrug-resistant bacteria. The bacterial symbiont was identified as Virgibacillus sp. and the carotenoids isolated from this symbiont exhibited significant antioxidant activity and extra sun protection effect, thus categorized as UVA sunblock. Furthermore, the isolated carotenoids exhibited antibacterial activities against Methicillin Resistant-Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and Multidrug-resistant (MDR) Escherichia coli. This study provides evidence of the carotenoids produced by the soft coral bacterial symbiont Virgibacillus sp., which may be used as an antioxidant, sun protection, and antibacterial agent. Further investigation of the de novo biological production of carotenoids by Virgibacillus sp. is warranted.
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- 2023
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3. Changes in sun protection behaviours, sun exposure and shade availability among adults, children and adolescents in New South Wales, 2003–2016
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Andre Ying‐Song Liew and Anne E. Cust
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sun protection ,sun exposure ,sunburn ,skin cancer ,prevention ,Public aspects of medicine ,RA1-1270 - Abstract
Abstract Objective: To inform skin cancer prevention policies and campaigns, we investigated changes over time in sun protection behaviours, sunburn, sun exposure and shade availability in public spaces among people living in New South Wales (NSW), Australia, between 2003 and 2016. Methods: We analysed cross‐sectional data from the NSW Population Health Survey collected in 2003, 2007, 2014 and 2016, which included approximately 15,000 respondents of all ages in each year. Logistic regression models were used to analyse overall changes over time and for different age, sex and sociodemographic groups. Results: The use of sunscreen and protective clothing and the availability of shade increased between 2003 and 2016, but sunburn and sun exposure during peak times of ultraviolet radiation also increased. In subgroup analyses, there was no improvement in sun protection behaviours among adolescents and increases in sunburn and sun exposure were observed only among adults, particularly women and in areas with less social disadvantage. Conclusions: Sun protection behaviours have improved over time among some population subgroups, but over‐exposure to ultraviolet radiation remains prevalent. Implications for public health: Skin cancer prevention initiatives that specifically target adolescents and sun exposure during peak times are needed to help reduce population skin cancer risk.
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- 2021
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4. Outdoor activities and sunburn among urban and rural families in a Western region of the US: Implications for skin cancer prevention
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Yelena P. Wu, Bridget Parsons, Yeonjung Jo, Jonathan Chipman, Benjamin Haaland, Elizabeth S. Nagelhout, James Carrington, Ali P. Wankier, Hannah Brady, and Douglas Grossman
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Skin cancer ,Rural ,Sun protection ,Ultraviolet radiation exposure ,Family ,Prevention ,Medicine - Abstract
Prevention of skin cancer involves decreasing exposure to ultraviolet radiation (UVR) and avoiding sunburn, especially early in life. Individuals living in urban versus rural areas, as defined by the Rural Urban Commuting Area (RUCA) code classification, have different risks for skin cancer, likely due to differing patterns of outdoor activities and preventive behaviors employed when outdoors. However, few studies have examined differences in outdoor activities between rural and urban individuals and examined this among both adults and children. This study compared the outdoor activities, sun protection strategies, tanning behaviors, and sunburn occurrence of adults and children (n = 97 dyads) in rural versus urban settings in a Western region of the United States. The relationships between outdoor activities and sunburn occurrence were examined in both groups. Analyses employed Barnard’s Exact Test and logistic generalized estimating equations models. Individuals in rural and urban areas reported differences in sun protection strategies used, tanning behaviors, and outdoor activities. Individuals in urban areas more commonly reported use of certain forms of sun protection, such as sunscreen and shade, whereas long pants and skirt wearing were more common for children in rural areas. Individuals in rural areas were more likely than those in urban areas to engage in farm work, yard work, and youth sports. Gender differences in these outcomes were also identified. Skin cancer preventive interventions could be tailored for rural and urban families to target sun protection strategies to outdoor activities and to situations in which sunburns are likely to occur.
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- 2022
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5. Provenance causes variation on early growth and survival and sun protection on physiological responses of the vulnerable Nothofagus glauca (Phil.) Krasser in a common garden in Central Chile
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Iván A. Quiroz, Sergio E. Espinoza, Marco A. Yáñez, Carlos R. Magni, Eduardo E. Martínez, Braulio T. Gutierrez, Angela F. Faúndez, and Suraj A. Vaswani
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Hualo ,Early establishment ,Seed sources ,Sun protection ,Site preparation ,Common garden experiment ,Environmental sciences ,GE1-350 - Abstract
We assessed outplanting performance of N. glauca in two trials. In Trial 1, provenances from Pre- Andean (Linares, Longaví) and Coastal (Curanipe, Empedrado) origins were planted in a common garden under two sun protection treatments (i.e., black mesh shelter, and kaolin at 6% concentration), and a control treatment at full sun. In Trial 2, a local provenance was established under two site preparation treatments (i.e., old subsoiling from 4 years ago versus no-subsoiling). Growth, survival, gas exchange, and Chlorophyll fluorescence parameters were measured one year after outplanting. In Trial 1 survival was similar among treatments but larger seedlings were found under kaolin and in the local provenance Empedrado. The provenances varied by sun protection treatment in survival, and the Pre Andean provenance Linares tended to show the lowest survival at full sun. At the leaf-level physiology, provenances responded similarly in gas exchange and fluorescence parameters. In the sun protection treatments seedlings under kaolin increased stomatal conductance and electron transport, but decreased photosynthesis, water use efficiency, and efficiency of PSII. Provenances also varied by treatment in physiology. The Empedrado provenance exhibited the highest transpiration and stomatal conductance under kaolin whereas the Pre Andean provenance of Longaví showed the lowest photosynthesis and efficiency of PSII in the kaolin treatment. In Trial 2, root collar diameter, intercellular CO2 and water use efficiency were higher in the old-subsoiling treatment. As a potential adaptation tool, seed sources from Pre Andean origins can be established in Coastal origins with no detriments on seedling survival.
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- 2022
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6. Digital interventions for promoting sun protection and skin self-examination behaviors: A systematic review
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Zhaomeng Niu, Trishnee Bhurosy, and Carolyn J. Heckman
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Skin cancer ,Digital intervention ,Sun protection ,Skin examination ,Medicine - Abstract
The skin cancer incidence rate has been rising, and digital health interventions can promote skin cancer prevention and detection behaviors. A systematic review was conducted to investigate the outcomes of digital interventions that promote sun protection and skin self-examination (SSE). This review examined studies that utilized randomized controlled designs or quasi-experiments, included outcomes related to sun safety or SSE, employed at least one digital platform, and were published in English from January 2000 to October 2020. A total of 62 studies were included in the review. Digital modalities included web-based (e.g., websites) alone (n = 29), mobile-based (e.g., mobile apps) alone (n = 12), game-based (n = 1), emails or text messages alone (n = 8), videos alone (n = 6), social media (n = 3), both text messages and mobile apps (n = 2), or both text messages and video (n = 1). Most studies (n = 44) only evaluated sun protection-related outcomes, seven studies assessed SSE outcomes only, nine studies examined both, and two assessed other related outcomes. Digital interventions are effective compared to non-intervention control conditions in promoting sun safety or SSE. Almost all studies found digital interventions to be equally or more effective compared to non-digital interventions. This review suggests that although the digital interventions varied, they showed promising effects on improving sun protection or SSE outcomes. Future research should include more sophisticated phase-based and rigorous longitudinal research designs, additional investigation of social media and other newer technologies, as well as more detailed reporting of methods and results.
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- 2022
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7. Hábitos y conocimientos sobre fotoprotección y factores de riesgo para quemadura solar en corredores de maratones de montaña
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Ana Julia García-Malinis, Tamara Gracia-Cazaña, Miguel Zazo, José Aguilera, Francisco Rivas-Ruiz, Magdalena de Troya Martín, and Yolanda Gilaberte
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Sun protection ,Sports ,Sun radiation ,Sun exposure ,Sunburn ,Dermatology ,RL1-803 ,Internal medicine ,RC31-1245 - Abstract
Resumen: Antecedentes y objetivos: El cáncer cutáneo está aumentando su incidencia de forma alarmante en nuestra sociedad, debido a la sobreexposición a la radiación ultravioleta solar (RUV), ya sea por motivos laborales o por ocio.El objetivo del presente estudio es valorar los conocimientos, actitudes y hábitos sobre la exposición solar y la fotoprotección en corredores participantes en una ultramaratón de montaña, así como estimar los factores de riesgo para sufrir quemadura solar. Material y métodos: Se realizó un estudio transversal, prospectivo descriptivo a los participantes de la «Gran Trail Aneto-Posets» (GTTAP). Se evaluaron las características sociodemográficas, la experiencia como corredor, la historia de quemadura solar en el verano previo y los hábitos y prácticas de exposición solar mediante una encuesta validada. Se realizó un análisis descriptivo, bivariado y multivariante, tomando como variable principal de resultado la presencia de quemadura solar, estableciendo un nivel de significación en p < 0,05. Resultados: Se incluyeron 657 corredores, 72,1% fueron hombres, con una media de edad de 39,71 años. El 45,1% de los encuestados reconocían haberse quemado en el último año. Las gafas fue el método fotoprotector más utilizado (74,7%), seguido del fotoprotector (factor de protección solar [FPS] > 15) (61,9%), el gorro/a (52,2%), y por último, la ropa (7,4%). Mientras que tener menos edad, fototipo bajo (I y II), correr durante tres o más horas al día y resguardarse a la sombra como medida de fotoprotección se comportaron como factores de riesgo para haber sufrido quemadura solar; las actitudes favorables al uso de cremas y a la búsqueda de la sombra al mediodía, en vez de estar al sol, se comportaron como factores protectores (p < 0,001). Conclusión: La incidencia de quemaduras solares es alta entre los corredores de trails de larga distancia en montaña, pese a que sus conocimientos y hábitos parecen adecuados. Se necesita diseñar estrategias para mejorar los hábitos de fotoprotección adaptados a su práctica deportiva. Abstract: Background and objectives: The incidence of skin cancer in our society is growing at an alarming rate due to overexposure to solar UV radiation in recreational and occupational settings. The aim of this study was to evaluate sun exposure and protection attitudes, behaviors, and knowledge among mountain ultramarathon runners and to assess risk factors for sunburn in this population. Material and methods: Cross-sectional survey of runners who participated in the «Gran Trail Aneto-Posets» race in Aragon, Spain. Using a validated questionnaire, we collected data on sociodemographic characteristics, running experience, sunburn in the previous summer, and sun exposure and protection behaviors. We calculated descriptive statistics and performed bivariate and multivariate analyses of associations using history of sunburn as the primary outcome. Statistical significance was set at a p level of less than 0.05. Results: We surveyed 657 runners (72.1% men) with a mean age of 39.71 years; 45.1% reported sunburn in the past year. The most common protective measures used were sunglasses (74.7%), sunscreen (sun protection factor ≥ 15) (61.9%), a hat (52.2%), and other protective clothing (7.4%). Risk factors for sunburn were younger age, low Fitzpatrick skin type (I and II), running for three or more hours a day, and staying in the shade as a protective measure. By contrast, protective factors were use of sunscreen and seeking shade rather than sun at midday (p < 0.001). Conclusions: Sunburn is common among long-distance mountain runners, despite what appears to be adequate sun protection knowledge and behaviors. Targeted strategies are needed to improve sun protection behaviors among mountain runners.
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- 2021
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8. Response to "Sunscreens: Misconceptions and Misinformation".
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Surber C and Osterwalder U
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- Humans, Skin Neoplasms pathology, Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice, Communication, Sunscreening Agents administration & dosage
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- 2024
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9. Response to Surber and Osterwalder.
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Gilchrest BA and Bai X
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- 2024
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10. A state of the science on influential factors related to sun protective behaviors to prevent skin cancer in adults
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Amy F. Bruce, MSN, RN, NE-BC, Laurie Theeke, PhD, FNP-BC, GCNS-BC, FNAP, and Jennifer Mallow, PhD, FNP-BC
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Behaviors ,Skin cancer ,Sun protection ,Nursing ,RT1-120 - Abstract
Skin cancer rates have risen over the past decades, making it imperative that adults understand the need for protection from sun exposure. Though some risk factors have been identified as predictive for skin cancers, there is a lack of synthesized information about factors that influence adults in their decisions to engage in sun protective behaviors. The purpose of this paper is to present the current state of the science on influential factors for sun protective behaviors in the general adult population. A rigorous literature search inclusive of a generally White, Caucasian, and non-Hispanic adult population was performed, and screening yielded 18 quantitative studies for inclusion in this review. Findings indicate that modifiable and non-modifiable factors are interdependent and play a role in sun protective behaviors. This study resulted in a proposed conceptual model for affecting behavioral change in sun protection including the following factors: personal characteristics, cognitive factors, family dynamics, and social/peer group influences. These factors are introduced to propose tailored nursing interventions that would change current sun protective behavior practice. Key implications for nursing research and practice focus on feasibility of annual skin cancer screening facilitated by advanced practice nurses, incorporating the identified influential factors to reduce skin cancer risk and unnecessary sun exposure.
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- 2017
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11. Skin microbiome bacteria enriched following long sun exposure can reduce oxidative damage.
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Harel N, Ogen-Shtern N, Reshef L, Biran D, Ron EZ, and Gophna U
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- Humans, Oxidative Stress, Ultraviolet Rays, Reactive Oxygen Species metabolism, Sunlight, Skin metabolism, Skin radiation effects
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Sun exposure is harmful to the skin and increases the risk of skin aging and skin cancer. Here we examined the effects of daily exposure to sun radiation on the skin microbiome in order to determine whether skim microbiome bacteria can contribute to protection from solar damage. Skin swabs were collected from ten lifeguards before and after the summer to analyse the skin microbiome. The results indicate that specific skin microbiome bacteria were enriched following the seasonal sun exposure. Especially interesting were two bacterial families - Sphingomonas and Erythrobacteraceae - which may have the ability to protect against UV radiation as they produce potentially protective compounds. We concentrated on a Sphingomonas strain and could show that it was highly resistant to UV irradiation and was able to reduce reactive oxygen species levels in human keratinocytes. These results provide a proof-of-concept for the role of the skin microbiome in protection from solar radiation., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest We declare that there is no conflict of interest., (Copyright © 2023 Institut Pasteur. Published by Elsevier Masson SAS. All rights reserved.)
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- 2023
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12. Validity and Reliability of Sun Protection Behavior Scale among Turkish Adolescent Population
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Ozcan Aygun, PhD, RN and Ayse Ergun, PhD, RN
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Adolescent ,Behavior ,Skin neoplasms ,Sun protection ,Sun Protection Behavior Scale ,Nursing ,RT1-120 - Abstract
Purpose: The aim of this research was to adapt the Sun Protection Behavior Scale (SPBS) to Turkish and to perform validity and reliability analyses. Methods: The scale was administered to a total of 900 adolescents, the retest to 91 adolescents. The construct validity of the scale was evaluated using exploratory (EFA) and confirmatory factor analysis (CFA). The EFA and CFA were applied to sample groups of 449 and 451 people, respectively. Results: The Cronbach alpha coefficients for the Turkish form of the SPBS (α = .74) and its sunscreen (α = .88) and hat use (α = .70) subscales were found to be ≥.70 while the sun avoidance subscale was calculated to be .67. The item-total score correlation between the scale and its subscales was ≥.26 and the test-retest correlations were found to be ≥.51. The CFA results verified the 8-item, 3-factor Turkish version of the SPBS. The confirmatory factor loadings for the scale were .45–.80 for sun avoidance, .72–.93 for sunscreen use, and .66–.83 for hat use. In particular, SPBS and sunscreen use (p
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- 2015
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13. Adolescent sun protection at secondary school athletic sporting events – a misnomer
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Bronwen M. McNoe and Anthony I. Reeder
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sun protection ,secondary schools ,teenager ,skin cancer prevention ,Public aspects of medicine ,RA1-1270 - Abstract
Abstract Objective: To observe the sun‐protective practices of students and staff and related aspects of the physical environment at secondary school athletics days. Methods: This observational study of 1,225 students and 215 adult supervisors examined the use of sun‐protective items (hats, clothing coverage, sunglasses), sunscreen provision and shade. Results: Sun‐protective behaviour was poor with only 3% of students and 25% of adult supervisors wearing a sun‐protective hat. Shade was not available to most students, either as competitors or while waiting to compete. Sunscreen provision was 50%. Conclusion: Portable shade for students waiting to compete should be available at competitive events. Students should be encouraged to wear sun‐protective hats and clothing while not competing and SPF30+ broad‐spectrum sunscreen should always be provided. Guidelines for adult supervisors should be developed so they role model appropriate sun protection.
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- 2016
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14. Shade in urban playgrounds in Sydney and inequities in availability for those living in lower socioeconomic areas
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Caroline Anderson, Kirsten Jackson, Sam Egger, Kathy Chapman, and Vanessa Rock
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sun protection ,shade ,local government ,playground ,environmental health ,Public aspects of medicine ,RA1-1270 - Abstract
Abstract Objective: This study investigated the differences between the amount of shade covering typical activity areas in playgrounds of higher and lower socioeconomic status (SES) areas within metropolitan Sydney, Australia. Methods: Using an established audit tool, surveyors visited 139 urban playgrounds and made 1,033 shade observations recording the estimated percentage of an activity area that was covered by shade and the type of shade available. Results: Shade coverage was significantly associated with SES of an area and with type of activity area (p
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- 2014
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15. Sunscreens: UV filters to protect us: Part 1: Changing regulations and choices for optimal sun protection
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Scott A. Norton, Nina Sabzevari, Sultan H. Qiblawi, and David P. Fivenson
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NDA, New drug application ,BP-3, Benzophenone-3 ,OCTO, Octocrylene ,Sun protection ,Internet privacy ,Ultraviolet protection ,EPA, Environmental Protection Agency ,Dermatology ,PPCP, Pharmaceuticals and personal care products ,Generally Recognized As Safe And Effective (GRASE) ,Sunscreen ,Food and drug administration ,030207 dermatology & venereal diseases ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,NLM, National Library of Medicine ,NanoTiO2, Nanoparticle titanium dioxide ,4-MBC, 4-methylbenzylidene camphor ,UVF, Ultraviolet filter ,Medicine ,Skin cancer ,NHANES, National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey ,UV, Ultraviolet ,Women's Health Highlight ,TiO2, Titanium dioxide ,PCPC, Personal care products and cosmetics ,business.industry ,GRASE, Generally Recognized As Safe and Effective ,OTC, Over-the-counter ,Ultraviolet filter (UVF) ,PABA, Para-aminobenzoic acid ,Photocontact Dermatitis ,medicine.disease ,Sun protection factor (SPF) ,FDA, Food and Drug Administration ,AAD, American Academy of Dermatology ,WWTP, Wastewater treatment plant ,RL1-803 ,030220 oncology & carcinogenesis ,business ,OMC, Octyl methoxycinnamate ,CDER, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research (part of FDA) - Abstract
Sunscreens are topical preparations containing any number of ultraviolet filters (UVFs). The first part of the review will focus on the recent Food and Drug Administration (FDA) regulations of 2019 and general use of these agents. While sunscreen products are becoming more regulated in the United States, we still lag behind other countries in our options for UVFs. Sun protection to prevent skin cancer and aging changes should be a combination of sun avoidance, protective structures, and clothing as well as use of sunscreen products. Newer and safer products are needed to help supplement and replace older agents as well as improve their cosmetic acceptability. This will be a review of ingredients, local toxicities (i.e. contact dermatitis, photocontact dermatitis), special considerations for children, and cosmesis of sunscreen preparations. Part 2 will focus on the environmental, ecological and human toxicities that have been increasingly related to UVFs.
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- 2021
16. Photoprotective activity and increase of SPF in sunscreen formulation using lyophilized red propolis extracts from Alagoas
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Kátia Michelle Freitas, Ricardo G. Penido, Amanda dos Santos Antunes, A. M. Nascimento, Vagner Rodrigues Santos, Orlando David Henrique dos Santos, Wanessa Aparecida da Silveira Almeida, Thiago Cazati, Ângela Leão Andrade, Helen S. da G. Correa, Gustavo Henrique Bianco de Souza, Viviane Martins Rebello dos Santos, Tatiane Roquete Amparo, and Lucas Resende Dutra Sousa
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Antioxidant ,Traditional medicine ,Total phenolics ,integumentary system ,Sun protection ,Chemistry ,Photoaging ,medicine.medical_treatment ,Sun protection factor ,Excessive sun exposure ,Red propolis ,lcsh:RS1-441 ,Filter UVA-UVB ,Absorption (skin) ,Propolis ,medicine.disease ,lcsh:Pharmacy and materia medica ,HET-CAM test ,Antioxidant activity ,Photoprotection ,medicine ,General Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics - Abstract
The excessive sun exposure, coupled with lack of sun protection represents one of the biggest risks to the occurrence of skin cancer and photoaging. Recent strategies for photoprotection have included the incorporation of natural antioxidant and anti-inflammatory compounds, into sunscreens, and the oral administration of natural antioxidant extracts. In this work, we use Brazilian red propolis extract because its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities. The aim of this work was to evaluate the sun protection factor and antioxidant activity of different hydroalcoholic extracts of red propolis (70% and 75%) prepared from lyophilized red propolis at room and high temperatures. The sun protection factor in vitro was determined by a spectrophotometric method developed by Mansur. The hydroalcoholic extracts of red propolis incorporated with Filter UVA-UVB 5% Gel Permulem TR-1 presented absorption in the UVB region. Also, the in vitro capacity of the hydroalcoholic extracts of red propolis to increase photoprotective activity of Filter UVA-UVB 5% Gel was evaluated. The hydroalcoholic extracts of red propolis incorporated presented higher values of sun protection factor and showed synergism in the photoprotective activity of Filter UVA-UVB 5% Gel Permulem TR-1. The antioxidant activity and sun protection factor are correlated with total phenolics content of the extracts and the hydroalcoholic extract of red propolis 75% at room temperature was choosen. The formulation developed with Filter UVA-UVB 5% Gel Permulem TR-1 with this hydroalcoholic extract of red propolis showed safe to be applied on the skin according HET-CAM test. Suggests indication of hydroalcoholic extract of red propolis (75% – room temperature) associated to photoprotective formulations for use in photoprotective products. Keywords: Sun protection factor, Red propolis, Filter UVA-UVB, Total phenolics, HET-CAM test, Antioxidant activity
- Published
- 2019
17. Sun Safe Partners: A pilot and feasibility trial of a couple-focused intervention to improve sun protection practices
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Deborah A. Kashy, Ashley K. Day, Sharon L. Manne, and Elliot J. Coups
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medicine.medical_specialty ,Future studies ,Sun protection ,Couples ,lcsh:Medicine ,Health Informatics ,law.invention ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,Randomized controlled trial ,law ,Intervention (counseling) ,Medicine ,030212 general & internal medicine ,Intervention evaluation ,Behavior intervention ,skin and connective tissue diseases ,Protection ,integumentary system ,business.industry ,lcsh:R ,Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health ,Sun ,Regular Article ,Baseline survey ,Intervention studies ,3. Good health ,030220 oncology & carcinogenesis ,Action plan ,Family medicine ,business - Abstract
This single arm pilot intervention study evaluated the feasibility and preliminary impact of a Sun Safe Partners, which is a couple-focused intervention targeting improved sun protection behavior. Data were collected from New Jersey between August 2015 and March 2016. Participants were 61 couples reporting low levels of sun protection recruited from an online panel. After providing online consent, couples received mailed pamphlets and participated in a call where they discussed current levels of sun protection, made an Action Plan to improve sun protection, and discussed ways of assisting one another in improving sun protection. A call summary was mailed afterwards. Feasibility was assessed by study enrollment, call participation, follow-up survey completion, and intervention evaluation. Participants completed a baseline survey, and a one month and six month post-intervention survey assessing sun protection as well as individual and relationship-centered sun protection attitudes and practices. Results indicated that acceptance into the trial was 22.1%. Call participation was high (84%) and the intervention was well-evaluated. Among the 51 couples who completed the call and a follow-up, the intervention improved sun protection behaviors. Sun protection benefits, photo-aging risk, and relationship-centered attitudes and practices increased. A couple-focused intervention shows promise for improving sun protection. Future studies using a randomized clinical trial as well as strategies to improve study participation are recommended., Highlights • Couples reported increases in their support for one another's sun protection. • Couples understood how sun protection benefits their partners and the relationship. • Couple-focused interventions can promote better sun protection behavior.
- Published
- 2018
18. Does one’s geographic location influence their use of sun protection? A survey of 3,185 U.S. Residents
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Nicole L. Bolick, Linglin Huang, and Alan C. Geller
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medicine.medical_specialty ,Public health ,North central ,Sun protection ,Epidemiology ,Geographical differences ,Short Communication ,Sun protective behaviors ,lcsh:R ,Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health ,lcsh:Medicine ,030209 endocrinology & metabolism ,Health Informatics ,Census ,Health Information National Trends Survey ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,New england ,Geography ,medicine ,030212 general & internal medicine ,Location ,Socioeconomics - Abstract
To determine if geographical differences exist in practice of sun protective behaviors across the United States, we performed a retrospective, cross-sectional analysis of data from the Health Information National Trends Survey 4 Cycle 3. Self-reported sun protective behaviors and demographic information were collected for individuals from nine regions across the United States in 2013. Regions followed United States census divisions, including New England, Middle Atlantic, East North Central, West North Central, South Atlantic, East South Central, West South Central, Mountain, and Pacific. Study participants included 3,185 people from nine census regions. Sun protection was uncommonly practiced in the United States. The use of sunscreen in the West North Central region was the lowest sun protective practice. Long pants were more commonly worn in the West South Central and the Pacific. Sun protective behavior rates are low for all geographic locations across the United States. Future public health campaigns should place less emphasis on geographical influences of sun protective behaviors and focus more so on comprehensive, nationwide sun prevention campaigns.
- Published
- 2020
19. Effects of solar radiation and an update on photoprotection
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José Carlos Moreno Giménez, Rafael Salido Vallejo, Gloria M. Garnacho Saucedo, [Garnacho Saucedo, Gloria M.] Hosp Univ Reina Sofia, Dept Dermatol, Unidad Dermatol Pediat, Cordoba, Spain, [Salido Vallejo, Rafael] Hosp Univ Reina Sofia, Dept Dermatol, Unidad Dermatol Pediat, Cordoba, Spain, and [Moreno Gimenez, Jose Carlos] Hosp Univ Reina Sofia, Dept Dermatol, Unidad Dermatol Pediat, Cordoba, Spain
- Subjects
Skin Neoplasms ,Photoaging ,Sunburn ,Adolescents ,Human skin ,Pediatrics ,Sunscreen ,0302 clinical medicine ,Protective Clothing ,Management of Technology and Innovation ,Medicine ,Child ,Children ,Melanoma ,Ultraviolet radiation ,Ultraviolet ,education.field_of_study ,Photodamage ,Radiación ultravioleta ,Child Health ,Ultraviolet-radiation ,Fotocarcinogénesis ,Child, Preschool ,Sunlight ,Adolescent ,Physical protection ,Population ,Fotoprotección ,Sun protection ,RJ1-570 ,Exposure ,Young Adult ,03 medical and health sciences ,030225 pediatrics ,Environmental health ,Visible tight ,Humans ,Luz visible ,Quemaduras solares ,education ,Daily routine ,Photoprotection ,business.industry ,Prevention ,Photocarcinogenesis ,Infant ,medicine.disease ,Skin Aging ,Photo damage ,business ,Sunscreening Agents - Abstract
Sunburn, immunodepression, photoaging, and photocarcinogenesis, are some of the most significant adverse effects of solar radiation in humans. Children are a population group of special vulnerability, due to the fact that exposure to the sun has more pronounced biological effects compared to adults. Furthermore, childhood is a critical period for promoting the development of photo damage and photocarcinogenesis in the later stages of life if adequate measures are not put into place. This is because it is estimated that between 18 and 20 years of age 40–50% of the accumulative exposure to ultraviolet radiation up to 60 years of age is received. The most important strategy for the photoprotection of children is changes in behaviour and habits associated with exposure to the sun at all levels (school, society, family, etc.). Resorting to the shade, reduction in overall time of exposure to the sun, and physical protection (clothes, hats, and sunglasses) are the best and least costly photoprotection strategies. The photoprotectors must be incorporated into the daily routine of children in the same way as adults, and must complete a series of requirements in order to make them effective, safe, and in line with the environment. Resumen: Las quemaduras solares, la inmunodepresión, el fotoenvejecimiento y la fotocarcinogénesis son algunos de los efectos adversos más importantes de la radiación solar en el ser humano. Los niños son un grupo poblacional de especial vulnerabilidad debido a que en ellos la exposición solar tiene efectos biológicos más pronunciados en comparación con los adultos. Por otro lado, la infancia es un periodo crítico para promover el desarrollo de fotodaño y fotocarcinogénesis en etapas más tardías de la vida si no se ponen las medidas adecuadas, ya que se estima que entre los 18 y 20 años de edad se recibe del 40-50% de la exposición acumulativa a la radiación ultravioleta hasta la edad de 60 años. La estrategia más importante para la fotoprotección de los niños son las modificaciones de comportamiento y hábitos relacionados con la exposición al sol a todos los niveles (colegio, sociedad, familia, etc.). El recurso de la sombra, la reducción del tiempo global de exposición al sol y la protección física (ropa, sombreros y gafas de sol) representan las mejores y menos costosas estrategias de fotoprotección. Los fotoprotectores deben incorporarse a la rutina diaria de los niños, de la misma manera que los adultos, y deben cumplir una serie de requisitos que los hagan eficaces, seguros y comprometidos con el medio ambiente.
- Published
- 2020
20. Damage of the ocular surface from indoor suntanning-Insights from in vivo confocal microscopy.
- Author
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Grupcheva CN, Radeva MN, Grupchev DI, and Nikolova SP
- Subjects
- Adult, Conjunctiva, Cornea diagnostic imaging, Female, Humans, Microscopy, Confocal, Slit Lamp Microscopy, Young Adult, Sunbathing
- Abstract
Purpose: To evaluate the ocular surface at the microstructural level of adults who habitually undertake indoor-suntanning utilising in vivo confocal microscopy., Methods: Participants were prospectively recruited and enrolled into either а study group (n = 75) with a history UV indoor tanning, or a control group (n = 75) with no prior history of artificial tanning. The study group participated in voluntary tanning sessions performed with standard equipment and maintained their usual routine for eye protection. Slit lamp biomicroscopy and in vivo confocal microscopy were performed at baseline before undertaking a series of suntanning sessions (10 sessions of 10 min duration over a 15 day period), within three days after the last session, and four weeks after the last session. Control group participants were examined at baseline and 8 weeks later and did not participate in tanning sessions., Results: All participants were female with a mean age of 25 ± 4 years and 24 ± 4 years in the study and control groups, respectively. No clinically significant changes were observed in either group over time using slit lamp biomicroscopy (all p ≥ 0.05), however, statistically significant differences were observed between the study and the control group for all corneal layers imaged using confocal microscopy (all p ≤ 0.03). Characteristic cystic conjunctival lesions with dark centres and bright borders were observed in 95% of the study group before and in 100% after the suntanning sessions., Conclusion: Indoor suntanning resulted in statistically significant microstructural changes in the cornea and the bulbar conjunctiva that are undetectable with slit lamp biomicroscopy., (Copyright © 2021 British Contact Lens Association. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)
- Published
- 2021
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21. Changes in sun protection behaviours, sun exposure and shade availability among adults, children and adolescents in New South Wales, 2003-2016.
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Liew AY and Cust AE
- Subjects
- Adolescent, Adult, Child, Cross-Sectional Studies, Female, Health Behavior, Humans, New South Wales, Protective Clothing, Sunlight adverse effects, Sunscreening Agents therapeutic use, Surveys and Questionnaires, Ultraviolet Rays adverse effects, Skin Neoplasms prevention & control, Sunburn prevention & control
- Abstract
Objective: To inform skin cancer prevention policies and campaigns, we investigated changes over time in sun protection behaviours, sunburn, sun exposure and shade availability in public spaces among people living in New South Wales (NSW), Australia, between 2003 and 2016., Methods: We analysed cross-sectional data from the NSW Population Health Survey collected in 2003, 2007, 2014 and 2016, which included approximately 15,000 respondents of all ages in each year. Logistic regression models were used to analyse overall changes over time and for different age, sex and sociodemographic groups., Results: The use of sunscreen and protective clothing and the availability of shade increased between 2003 and 2016, but sunburn and sun exposure during peak times of ultraviolet radiation also increased. In subgroup analyses, there was no improvement in sun protection behaviours among adolescents and increases in sunburn and sun exposure were observed only among adults, particularly women and in areas with less social disadvantage., Conclusions: Sun protection behaviours have improved over time among some population subgroups, but over-exposure to ultraviolet radiation remains prevalent. Implications for public health: Skin cancer prevention initiatives that specifically target adolescents and sun exposure during peak times are needed to help reduce population skin cancer risk., (© 2021 The Authors.)
- Published
- 2021
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22. Nanostructured lipid carriers
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Sheefali Mahant, Sanju Nanda, and Rekha Rao
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Skin care ,010405 organic chemistry ,Sun protection ,business.industry ,Nanotechnology ,Cutaneous application ,01 natural sciences ,Controlled release ,0104 chemical sciences ,010404 medicinal & biomolecular chemistry ,Active agent ,Solid lipid nanoparticle ,Medicine ,Nanocarriers ,business ,Expansive - Abstract
The tremendous impact of nanotechnology in the arena of healthcare has virtually revolutionized the outlook on health and disease management. Dermatological and skin care products constitute an expansive segment, and with the advent of nanotechnological revolution, several innovative carrier systems have emerged. Lipid-based carriers are particularly suited for topical application. Nanostructured lipid carriers (NLCs) were developed as an advancement to solid lipid nanoparticles. The blend of solid and liquid lipids in NLCs permits increased loading of the active agent and exhibits greater stability. In addition, enhanced benefits, such as skin occlusion, hydration, sun protection, controlled release, and skin targeting have been achieved. This chapter attempts to discuss NLCs as carrier systems for delivering topical and dermatological active agents. The chapter provides a comprehensive account of their composition and preparation techniques, factors affecting the performance of these nanocarriers, and the mechanism of their action on skin. Furthermore, the review sheds light on the characterization of NLCs and their benefits typical to cutaneous application and skin care.
- Published
- 2018
23. Sun-related behaviors, attitudes and knowledge among paralympic sailors.
- Author
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Gutiérrez-Manzanedo JV, De Castro-Maqueda G, Caraballo Vidal I, González-Montesinos JL, Vaz Pardal C, Rivas Ruiz F, and De Troya-Martín M
- Subjects
- Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice, Humans, Sunlight adverse effects, Disabled Persons, Military Personnel, Sunburn prevention & control
- Abstract
Background: Overexposure to sunlight is the main cause of skin cancer. Outdoor sports increased sun exposure times. Sun protection behaviors and attitudes are utmost importance to reduce sun exposure., Aims: To evaluate sun exposure habits, sun protection practices, and sun-related attitudes and knowledge among paralympic sailors., Methods: This descriptive observational study analysed the answers of a validated self-reported questionnaire of habits, attitudes and knowledge related to sun exposure and skin cancer completed by 56 elite sailors with disabilities from 19 countries which taking part in 2019 Para World Sailing Championships., Results: Three in four (76.8%) participants reported a history of sunburn in the previous season. Overall, participants showed an average for sport practice per week of 8.0 h (SD: 4.9). Participants reported a low adherence to sun protection practice, with the exception of using sunglasses (85.7%), sunscreen (83.9%) and hat (75%), having a very low rate (28.6%) of avoidance of midday sun and an inadequate sunscreen reapplication (33.9% reported "do not reapply" and 16.1% "reapply every one or 2 h"). Although 82.1% of participants reported to be worried about can get skin cancer out of the sun, they also presented excessive sun tanning attitudes (42.9% likes sunbathing and 57.1% sunbathing makes them feel well). The average score for sun-related knowledge was low (62.1 out 100 points; SD: 13.6)., Conclusions: Awareness campaigns on sun risk are needed specifically directed at this target group, in order to improve their sun protection habits and reduce the rates of sunburn associated with sports practice., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no conflicts of interest., (Copyright © 2021 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)
- Published
- 2021
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24. Applications mobiles de protection solaire : une analyse de contenu
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Wendy Nieto-Gutierrez, Alvaro Taype-Rondan, and Walter Andree Tellez
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Engineering ,Sun protection ,Internet privacy ,Applications mobile ,Health Informatics ,Certification ,App store ,Néoplasme de la peau ,purl.org/pe-repo/ocde/ford#1.02.03 [https] ,030207 dermatology & venereal diseases ,03 medical and health sciences ,Teledermatology ,0302 clinical medicine ,Mobile applications ,Health Information Management ,mental disorders ,030212 general & internal medicine ,Android (operating system) ,business.industry ,Mobile apps ,Skin neoplasms ,Content analysis ,Protection solaire ,business ,Solar protection ,Télédermatologie - Abstract
Introduction. Currently, many sunscreen mobile apps are available for use. However, little is known about their characteristics. We aimed to describe the available sunscreen mobile apps for Android and iOS. Material and methods. An observational descriptive study was conducted. We searched in App Store and Google Play Store using specific terms in Spanish and English, and collected the mobile apps that aimed to improve sunscreen use. We extracted general characteristics from all of these apps, and specific characteristics from free apps. Results. We found 134 apps that aimed to improve sunscreen use, of which 88 (65.7%) were available only in English, 92 (68.7%) were free of charge, and 53 (39.6%) were updated in 2015 or 2016. We evaluated specific sun protection features of free apps: 5 (5.4%) included videos or animations, 2 (2.2%) included games, 28 (30.4%) had institutional certification, 64 (69.6%) indicated the UV index according to user current location, and 16 (17.4%) informed about the appropriate sunscreen use. Discussion. The majority of dermatology-related apps were available for free maybe because of their high demand among users. Moreover, they were downloaded mostly more than 1000 times perhaps due to a major concern about the harmful consequences of the UV-rays on health among people. Most of the mobile apps evaluated had no institutional certification that is important for guarantee an appropriate display of information on the app. Conclusions. Most of sunscreen mobile apps were available free of charge and were recently updated. However, few free apps have institutional certification, interactive features, and sunscreen use information; which may limit their impact. Introduction. À l’heure actuelle, nombreuses applications mobiles de protection solaire sont disponibles. Cependant, on sait peu de choses sur leurs caractéristiques. Nous avons voulu décrire les applications mobiles de protection solaire disponibles pour Android et iOS. Matériel et méthodes. Une étude descriptive d’observation a été effectuée. Nous avons cherché dans App Store et Google Play Store en utilisant des termes spécifiques en espagnol et en anglais, et nous avons collecté les applications mobiles visant à améliorer l’utilisation de l’écran solaire. Nous avons extrait les caractéristiques générales de toutes ces applications et des caractéristiques spécifiques à partir d’applications gratuites. Résultats. Nous avons trouvé 134 applications qui visaient à améliorer l’utilisation de l’écran solaire, dont 88 (65,7 %) n’étaient disponibles qu’en anglais, 92 (68,7 %) étaient gratuits et 53 (39,6 %) ont été mis à jour en 2015 ou 2016. Nous avons évalué des spécifiques caractéristiques de protection solaire des applications gratuites : 5 (5,4 %) incluaient des vidéos ou des animations, 2 (2,2 %) incluaient des jeux, 28 (30,4 %) avaient une certification institutionnelle, 64 (69,6 %) indiquaient l’indice UV selon l’emplacement actuel de l’utilisateur et 16 (17,4 %) ont été informés de l’utilisation de l’écran solaire approprié. Discussion. La majorité des applications liées à la dermatologie étaient disponibles gratuitement, en raison de leur forte demande chez les utilisateurs. En outre, ils ont été téléchargés principalement plus de 1000 fois peut-être en raison d’une préoccupation majeure concernant les conséquences néfastes des rayons UV sur la santé chez les personnes. La plupart des applications mobiles évaluées n’avaient pas de certification institutionnelle importante pour garantir un affichage approprié de l’information sur l’application. Conclusion. La plupart des applications mobiles à écran solaire étaient disponibles gratuitement et ont été récemment mises à jour. Cependant, très peu des applications gratuites possèdent une certification institutionnelle, des fonctionnalités interactives et des informations sur l’utilisation de l’écran solaire ; ce qui peut limiter leur impact.
- Published
- 2017
25. Prevalence of skin examination behaviours among Australians over time.
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Reyes-Marcelino G, Tabbakh T, Espinoza D, Sinclair C, Kang YJ, McLoughlin K, Caruana M, Fernández-Peñas P, Guitera P, Aitken JF, Canfell K, Dobbinson S, and Cust AE
- Subjects
- Adolescent, Adult, Aged, Australia epidemiology, Child, Cross-Sectional Studies, Female, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Prevalence, Young Adult, Physical Examination methods, Skin pathology
- Abstract
Background: We aimed to examine the prevalence and correlates of opportunistic skin check behaviours among Australians and whether changes over time might explain increasing underlying rates of melanoma in situ., Methods: The National Sun Protection Survey involved periodic telephone-based cross-sectional surveys during summer since 2003. Skin checks by a doctor in the past 12 months was asked in four summers over 2006-2017, and responses from 23,374 Australians aged 12-69 years were analysed. Prevalence estimates were weighted to be representative of the Australian population. Chi-square tests compared the prevalence over time and by characteristics., Results: The overall proportion reporting whole-body skin checks in the past 12 months was 20 % in 2006-07 and 2010-11, 21 % in 2013-14, and 22 % in 2016-17; but increased from 29 % in 2006-07 to 37 % in 2016-17 for those aged 45-69 years (p < 0.0001). In 2016-17, 5% reported a skin check of part-body and 9% for a specific mole or spot. The proportion reporting no skin checks increased from 61 % to 64 % over time (p < 0.0001). Whole-body skin checks were more common among older respondents, females, and also varied by residence location, skin sensitivity, skin colour, risk perception, and socio-economic index (all p < 0.001)., Conclusion: Approximately one third of Australians had their skin checked by a doctor within a 12-month period, but this varied across population sub-groups. Skin check behaviours were relatively stable over time, with modest increases in the prevalence of skin checks for those aged 45-69 years. These findings do not explain underlying large increases in rates of melanoma in situ., (Copyright © 2020 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)
- Published
- 2021
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26. UVB photoprotective capacity of hydrogels containing dihydromyricetin nanocapsules to UV-induced DNA damage.
- Author
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Dalcin AJF, Roggia I, Felin S, Vizzotto BS, Mitjans M, Vinardell MP, Schuch AP, Ourique AF, and Gomes P
- Subjects
- DNA Damage, Flavonols, Hydrogels, Skin, Ultraviolet Rays, Nanocapsules
- Abstract
We evaluate the effect of cationic nanocapsules containing dihydromyricetin (DMY) flavonoid for safe topical use in photoprotection against UV-induced DNA damage. The stability was investigated for feasibility to produce hydrogels containing cationic nanocapsules of the flavonoid DMY (NC-DMY) for 90 days under three different storage conditions (4 ± 2 °C, 25 ± 2 °C, and 40 ± 2 °C), as well as evaluation of skin permeation and its cytotoxicity in skin cell lines. The physicochemical and rheological characteristics were maintained during the analysis period under the different aforementioned conditions. However, at 25 °C and 40 °C, the formulations indicated yellowish coloration and DMY content reduction. Therefore, the ideal storage condition of 4 °C was adopted. DMY remained in the stratum corneum and the uppermost layers of the skin. Regarding safety, all formulations demonstrated to be safe for topical application. NC-DMY exhibited a 50% Solar Protection Factor (SPF-DNA) against DNA damage caused by UVB radiation and demonstrated 99.9% protection against DNA lesion induction. These findings establish a promising formulation containing nanoencapsulated DMY flavonoids with a photoprotective and antioxidant potential of eliminating reactive oxygen species formed by solar radiation., (Copyright © 2020 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)
- Published
- 2021
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27. Sunscreens
- Author
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Susmitha Kasina, Hemant K.S. Yadav, and Abhay Raizaday
- Subjects
Active ingredient ,Nano size ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Materials science ,Physical Barrier ,chemistry ,Dibenzoylmethane ,Sun protection ,Titanium dioxide ,Nanotechnology ,Nanocapsules ,Nanomaterials - Abstract
Sunscreens contain active substances which either absorb or scatter radiation. The use of nanotechnology in the formulation of sunscreens helps in improving the aesthetic properties and stability with little or variable influence on effectiveness. The active ingredients in formulations, including titanium dioxide, zinc oxide, octyl methoxy cinnamate, and butyl methoxy dibenzoylmethane have been used extensively to prepare nanoparticle-containing formulations. Over 300 marketed nanoformulations of sunscreens are said to contain physical barriers like titanium dioxide and/or zinc oxide. These physical barriers, when used at proportions to produce strong sun protection, produced a thick white paste which could not be applied easily. Hence these were broken to nano size, which delivered a clear transparent formulation with all desirable properties. Apart from the nanonized use of actives, carrier systems were also used. Solid lipid carriers, nanostructured lipid carriers, liposomes, nanocapsules of actives like octyl methoxy cinnamate, butyl methoxy dibenzoylmethane, and 3,4,5-trimethoxybenzoylchitin have been formulated most commonly to augment the effectiveness and stability. In this chapter a discussion on nanoformulations of sunscreens with special attention to the materials and their carriers would be made along with an insight on merits, demerits, and safety.
- Published
- 2016
28. Flexible photovoltaic cells embedded into textile structures
- Author
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C. Nocito and Vladan Koncar
- Subjects
Engineering ,Textile ,business.industry ,Sun protection ,Composite number ,Photovoltaic system ,Shields ,Composite material ,business ,Transverse direction ,Layer (electronics) ,Electrical conductor - Abstract
The issues related to production and scavenging of electrical energy are particularly important today. Regions of the earth that are exposed to sunlight are very interesting for two reasons: sun protection is necessary in order to avoid different forms of skin cancer and the possibility to use the sun energy to produce hot water or electrical energy. Textile structures are well adapted (flexible, rollable, lightweight) and used from ancient times to today as sunray shields. The subject matter of this chapter is a rollable photovoltaic composite, used in particular for solar protection, which includes at least one flexible photovoltaic panel and at least one textile panel, on the outside face of which is laminated the said photovoltaic panel by means of a first connecting layer, characterized in that, in the transverse direction to that in which it is to be rolled, and at any level of the photovoltaic panel, it has a thickness that is more or less constant, including one or more zones of reduced thickness, the said thickness corresponding to the thickness of the textile panel possibly covered with a film on its inside face, in which the width is no more than 8 cm, so as to eliminate the formation of folds during rolling or in the deployed position. The photovoltaic windable composite comprises at least one photovoltaic cell, a textile panel and a bond layer providing a bonding between at least one photovoltaic cell and textile panel. Typically, the exterior side of the textile panel comprises at least two electrically conductive areas separated by a nonelectrically conductive area, and the bond layer comprises at least two electrically conductive areas emerging on the exterior and interior sides of said bond layer and separated by a nonconductive area. Both conductive areas of the bond layer are arranged between the photovoltaic cell and the superior side of the textile panel in order that the positive and negative poles of said photovoltaic cell are in an electrically conductive connection with both conductive areas of the textile panel.
- Published
- 2016
29. UV protection from cotton fabrics dyed with different tea extracts
- Author
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Natividad Sebastià, Eva Bou-Belda, Alegría Montoro, Pablo Díaz-García, Regina Rodrigo, and Ma Ángeles Bonet-Aracil
- Subjects
Sun protection ,General Chemical Engineering ,Ultra violet ,Extraction ,02 engineering and technology ,Cotton ,010402 general chemistry ,01 natural sciences ,INGENIERIA TEXTIL Y PAPELERA ,Food science ,Uv protection ,Dyeing ,Tea ,Chemistry ,Process Chemistry and Technology ,food and beverages ,Mordant ,021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology ,Green tea ,Environmentally friendly ,0104 chemical sciences ,Extraction methods ,Antioxidant ,0210 nano-technology ,Ultraviolet Protection Factor (UPF) - Abstract
[EN] Recently, natural dyes are becoming more important because they are considered environmentally friendly. However, the reduction in pollution is not only the main aspect that makes them interesting. New properties such antibacterial, sun protection, etc., can be added to the material dyed with them. In this work we consider different teas, the red one, the black and the green tea. Tea is commonly known all over the world ant they are considerably appreciated by their antioxidant properties. In this work the antioxidant effect of tea extracts has been determined and cotton fabrics were dyed. Previously, fabrics were treated with chitosan as a natural and not pollutant mordant. The effectiveness of dyeing cotton with tea extracts has been objectively studied by the K/S value and the chromatic values CIELab. Furthermore, the ultra violet (UV) protection has been determined as the Ultraviolet Protection Factor (UPF). Having dyed cotton with the tea extracts and analysing the results, no relationship was found between antioxidant effect and the dyeing yield nor the UPF. The same kind of tea offered fabrics with different colours depending on the extraction method. Some samples showed reddish hue and others a greenish one but it was not directly related to red or green tea. We could conclude that the final colour is more influenced by the way the extraction has been performed than by the kind of tea used. Regarding the UPF, it has been demonstrated that the effectiveness depends on the method used and the level of protection is considerably increased although there are two kinds of tea which show higher results. © 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved., The authors would like to express their gratitude to the Univeristat Politecnica de Valencia (UPV-FE-2013-57) and to the Hospital Univesitari i Politecnic La FE for their financial support on 2014 to the project UVTEX, and to Juan Ramon Mira for his support in the graphical abstract.
- Published
- 2016
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30. CDKN2A testing and genetic counseling promote reductions in objectively measured sun exposure one year later.
- Author
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Stump TK, Aspinwall LG, Drummond DM, Taber JM, Kohlmann W, Champine M, Cassidy PB, Petrie T, Liley B, and Leachman SA
- Subjects
- Adolescent, Adult, Aged, Case-Control Studies, Female, Heterozygote, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Mutation, Pedigree, Prospective Studies, Radiation Exposure statistics & numerical data, Sunburn metabolism, Sunlight adverse effects, Young Adult, Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitor p16 genetics, Genetic Counseling methods, Genetic Testing methods, Melanins metabolism, Sunburn epidemiology
- Abstract
Purpose: This study investigated whether genetic counseling and test reporting for the highly penetrant CDKN2A melanoma predisposition gene promoted decreases in sun exposure., Methods: A prospective, nonequivalent control group design compared unaffected participants (N = 128, M
age = 35.24, 52% men) from (1) families known to carry a CDKN2A pathogenic variant, who received counseling about management recommendations and a positive or negative genetic test result and (2) no-test control families known not to carry a CDKN2A pathogenic variant, who received equivalent counseling based on their comparable family history. Changes in daily ultraviolet radiation (UVR) exposure (J/m2 ), skin pigmentation (melanin index), and sunburns between baseline and one year following counseling were compared among carriers (n = 32), noncarriers (n = 46), and no-test control participants (n = 50)., Results: Both carriers and no-test control participants exhibited a decrease one year later in daily UVR dose (B = -0.52, -0.33, p < 0.01). Only carriers exhibited a significant decrease in skin pigmentation at the wrist one year later (B = -0.11, p < 0.001), and both carriers and no-test control participants reported fewer sunburns than noncarriers (p < 0.05). Facial pigmentation did not change for any group. Noncarriers did not change on any measure of UVR exposure., Conclusions: These findings support the clinical utility of disclosing CDKN2A test results and providing risk management education to high-risk individuals.- Published
- 2020
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31. Sun Exposure and Skin Cancer Prevention
- Author
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Natalie Schüz and Michael Eid
- Subjects
medicine.medical_specialty ,integumentary system ,Sun protection ,business.industry ,Psychological literature ,Behavior change ,medicine.disease ,Dermatology ,Skin Cancer Prevention ,medicine ,Sun exposure ,Skin cancer ,skin and connective tissue diseases ,business ,Ultraviolet radiation - Abstract
This article provides an overview of the risks of sun exposure and reviews the psychological literature on sun-tanning behavior, sun protection behavior, and skin cancer prevention. The different forms of skin cancer, their incidence, and causation are described briefly. The psychological predictors of sun exposure and sun protection behavior are reviewed. Finally, the effectiveness of skin cancer prevention programs is examined.
- Published
- 2015
32. Randomized controlled trial of the mySmartSkin web-based intervention to promote skin self-examination and sun protection behaviors among individuals diagnosed with melanoma: study design and baseline characteristics.
- Author
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Coups EJ, Manne SL, Ohman Strickland P, Hilgart M, Goydos JS, Heckman CJ, Chamorro P, Rao BK, Davis M, Smith FO, Thorndike FP, and Ritterband LM
- Subjects
- Adult, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Female, Humans, Internet-Based Intervention, Male, Melanoma diagnosis, Middle Aged, Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic, Research Design, Secondary Prevention education, Secondary Prevention methods, Skin Neoplasms diagnosis, Melanoma, Cutaneous Malignant, Health Behavior, Melanoma prevention & control, Patient Education as Topic methods, Self-Examination methods, Skin Neoplasms prevention & control, Sunscreening Agents therapeutic use
- Abstract
>1.2 million people in the United States have a personal history of melanoma skin cancer and are at increased risk for disease recurrence and second primary melanomas. Many of these individuals do not follow recommendations to conduct regular, thorough skin self-examinations that facilitate early disease detection and do not sufficiently engage in sun protection behaviors. In this project, we are conducting a randomized controlled trial of an innovative, tailored, theory-driven Internet intervention-called mySmartSkin-to promote these behaviors among melanoma patients. This paper outlines the study design and characteristics of the study sample. A total of 441 patients were recruited (40.9% response rate) and randomized to the mySmartSkin or a Usual Care condition. Participants complete surveys at baseline and 8 weeks, 24 weeks, and 48 weeks later. The primary aim of the project is to examine the impact of mySmartSkin versus Usual Care on skin self-examination and sun protection behaviors. The secondary aim focuses on identifying mediators of the intervention's effects. In an exploratory aim, we will examine potential moderators of the impact of the intervention. At baseline, the recruited participants had a mean age of 61 years, 49% were female, 7.5% met criteria for having conducted a recent, thorough skin self-examination, and the mean score on the index of sun protection behaviors was 3.3 (on a scale from 1 to 5). The results of the project will determine whether the mySmartSkin intervention is efficacious in promoting skin self-examination and sun protection behaviors among individuals diagnosed with melanoma. Trial registration: ClinicalTrials.govNCT03028948., (Copyright © 2019 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)
- Published
- 2019
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33. Long term follow-up of determinants of seasonal variation in vitamin d status in older adults
- Author
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Marie-Louise Bird, Iain K Robertson, Madeleine J. Ball, Kiran D.K. Ahuja, JM Beckett, and JK Pittaway
- Subjects
Serum vitamin ,Gerontology ,Nutrition and Dietetics ,business.industry ,Long term follow up ,Sun protection ,Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism ,Repeated measures design ,food and beverages ,lcsh:TX341-641 ,Seasonality ,medicine.disease ,lcsh:Biochemistry ,Vitamin D and neurology ,Mixed effects ,Increased vitamin D ,Medicine ,lcsh:QD415-436 ,business ,lcsh:Nutrition. Foods and food supply ,Food Science ,Demography - Abstract
Background/Aims: To investigate behavioural impact on long-term seasonal vitamin D status in older Tasmanian adults. Methods: Seventy participants in a study investigating determinants of vitamin D status returned for follow-up assessment nine months (winter) and 26 months (summer) after study completion (21 male, 49 female; aged 69.2 ± 6.4 years, range 60-84 years). Changes in diet, supplement use, time spent outside, sun protection and serum vitamin D concentration were compared between four time points (summer and winter during the study, winter and summer follow-up) using repeated measures mixed effects linear regression. Results: Serum vitamin D (± 1SD nmol/L) in summer during-study (68.8 ± 22.1) was significantly higher (P Conclusions: The major behavioural change responsible for increased vitamin D status post-study was the increase in supplement use.
- Published
- 2014
34. UV damage of the anterior ocular surface - microstructural evidence by in vivo confocal microscopy.
- Author
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Grupcheva CN, Grupchev DI, Radeva MN, and Hristova EG
- Subjects
- Adult, Conjunctiva radiation effects, Epithelium, Corneal radiation effects, Eye Burns prevention & control, Eye Protective Devices, Female, Follow-Up Studies, Humans, Male, Prognosis, Prospective Studies, Sunburn prevention & control, Conjunctiva pathology, Environmental Exposure adverse effects, Epithelium, Corneal pathology, Eye Burns diagnosis, Microscopy, Confocal methods, Sunburn diagnosis, Ultraviolet Rays adverse effects
- Abstract
Purpose: To evaluate and describe the microstructural changes at the ocular surface in response to habitual ocular sun exposure, correlate them with the UV protection habits and follow their dynamics using in vivo confocal microscopy(ICM)., Methods: For a period of minimum 4 months 200 subjects (400 eyes), aged 28 ± 7.3 years, were recruited with the agreement that they will spend their summer exclusively in the region of the Black Sea coast at 43 °N latitude and will be examined before and after the summer. All subjects filled in a questionnaire about habitual UV protection and were examined clinically and by ICM., Results: Questionnaire results demonstrated that 83.5% (167 participants) of the subjects considered the sun dangerous for their eyes, but 78% (156 subjects) believed that there is danger exclusively during the summer period. Although no clinical changes were detected, microstructural analysis of the cornea demonstrated statistically significant (p = 0.021) decrease of the basal epithelial density - from 6167 ± 151 cells/mm
2 before to 5829 ± 168 cells/mm2 after the summer period. Microstructural assessment of the conjunctiva demonstrated characteristic cystic lesions with dark centres and bright borders encountered in only 25 eyes(6%) before, and affecting 118 eyes(29.5%) after the summer. The total area of the cysts after the summer increased fivefold. Spearman analysis proved negative correlation between sun protection habits and number of cysts., Conclusion: Summer sun exposure for one season leads to clinically undetectable, microstructural changes affecting the cornea, bulbar and palpebral conjunctiva with transient, but possibly cumulative nature., (Copyright © 2018 British Contact Lens Association. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)- Published
- 2018
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
35. Actualización en fotoprotección infantil
- Author
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J.M. Herranz and M. Valdivielso-Ramos
- Subjects
education.field_of_study ,Sunscreens ,integumentary system ,business.industry ,Sun protection ,Population ,Cumulative Exposure ,Risk factor (computing) ,medicine.disease ,Childhood ,Pediatrics ,RJ1-570 ,Sun protection in children ,Environmental health ,Educational sun exposure campaign ,Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health ,medicine ,Health education ,Sun exposure ,Skin cancer ,skin and connective tissue diseases ,education ,business ,Ultraviolet radiation - Abstract
Resumen: Los niños son uno de los grupos de la población en los que debe extremarse la fotoprotección. En primer lugar, porque desarrollan una actividad al aire libre mucho más importante que los adultos. En segundo lugar, porque el principal factor de riesgo del cáncer de piel es la radiación ultravioleta, sobre todo aquella radiación producida durante la infancia. La disminución de la exposición solar en los niños puede disminuir potencialmente la incidencia del cáncer cutáneo.La fotoprotección incluye todas aquellas medidas que se pueden instaurar para proteger a la piel de la agresión producida por la exposición solar, como las conductas de evitación solar, la protección con ropas, gorros y gafas solares y el uso de fotoprotectores.Es necesario dar a conocer la importancia de la fotoprotección entre los padres y, sobre todo, entre los niños mediante campañas educativas que incrementen el conocimiento de las medidas fotoprotectoras y que favorezcan cambios en el comportamiento respecto de la exposición solar. En esta labor educativa los dermatólogos y los pediatras ocupan un papel fundamental.En esta revisión se actualizan los conocimientos más recientes en fotoprotección infantil, las novedades en fotoprotectores y las campañas más recientes sobre educación solar. Abstract: Children are one of the population groups in which the photo-protection must be maximised. Firstly, because they take part in outdoor activities more often than adults. Secondly, because the principal risk factor for all types of skin cancer is ultraviolet radiation, and in particular, cumulative exposure during childhood. Hence, decreasing exposure to ultraviolet radiation in childhood has the potential to significantly lower the incidence of most forms of skin cancer.Photoprotection includes behavioural measures to protect the skin from sun exposure, e.g. sun protective clothes, hats, sunglasses, and sunscreens. It is necessary to provide information on aphotoprotection to parents, and, above all, to children, using educational campaigns to increase knowledge of photoprotection to help change attitudes towards sun exposure. Dermatologists and Paediatricians play a essential role in this educational work.In this article we review the latest information regarding paediatric sun protection, the new sunscreens, and the recent sun protection educational programs.
- Published
- 2010
36. Technical sewing threads
- Author
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R. S. Rengasamy and S. Ghosh
- Subjects
Aramid ,Materials science ,law ,Sun protection ,visual_art ,ComputingMethodologies_IMAGEPROCESSINGANDCOMPUTERVISION ,visual_art.visual_art_medium ,Ceramic ,Absorbable sutures ,Composite material ,Filtration ,ComputingMethodologies_COMPUTERGRAPHICS ,law.invention - Abstract
The first part of this chapter deals with ‘industrial threads’ in general and the second part is dedicated to a specialized application on ‘surgical threads’. The structure of industrial threads and their finishing, threads used for high temperature, outdoor and airbag applications are discussed. Properties of ceramic, silica, glass, steel-core, aramid and PTFE threads are discussed. Surgical sutures are classified. Forms, manufacturing processes, and physical, handling and biological characteristics of sutures are described.
- Published
- 2010
37. Sun behaviour on the beach monitored by webcam photos.
- Author
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Heerfordt IM, Philipsen PA, and Wulf HC
- Subjects
- Denmark, Environmental Exposure adverse effects, Humans, Internet, Photography, Skin Neoplasms etiology, Time Factors, Ultraviolet Rays adverse effects, Video Recording, Bathing Beaches, Environmental Exposure statistics & numerical data, Health Behavior, Protective Clothing statistics & numerical data, Skin Neoplasms prevention & control, Sunlight adverse effects
- Abstract
Objectives: To prevent skin cancer, the general population is recommended to limit time in the sun, to wear clothes and to seek shade around noon. This study aimed to investigate the number of beachgoers, the duration of sun exposure, and clothing worn during the day on a beach in Copenhagen., Study Design: Observational, descriptive study., Methods: On 11 beach days in 2014 and 2015, beachgoers were counted every hour from 8:00 to 20:00. It was noted if they wore clothes or swimwear. To estimate the duration of sun exposure, it was noted how long cars were parked by the beach., Results: Of the counted beachgoers 46% were present from noon to 15:00. The number of beachgoers peaked at 15:00 on weekend days (Saturdays and Sunday) and at 16:00 on working days (Monday to Friday). Both on weekend days and working days, the percentage of beachgoers wearing clothes was lowest at 13:00 when about 90% wore only swimwear. Cars were parked for 117 min on average. Around noon, the mean time expanded to 142 min. We assume this to reflect the duration of a beach visit., Conclusion: The results indicate a weak tendency to limit time in the sun and to seek shade when the ultraviolet radiation is strongest in the midday sun. Hopefully information about actual sun behaviour can be used to adjust campaigns., (Copyright © 2017 The Royal Society for Public Health. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)
- Published
- 2018
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
38. The untold story of the scorching sun-A wake up call for sun protection.
- Author
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Raveendran SS, Raveendran M, and Anwar MU
- Subjects
- Adult, Female, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Pilot Projects, Skin Neoplasms prevention & control, Young Adult, Health Education standards, Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice, Protective Clothing, Sunburn prevention & control, Sunlight adverse effects, Sunscreening Agents therapeutic use
- Abstract
Despite extensive warnings from health authorities regarding the dangers of direct sunlight exposure, most people still turn to sun bathing to get a golden tan. Unfortunately, that pleasant tan appearance is often lost because of over exposure to sunlight, resulting in painful red sunburns. In this paper we are reporting a case with significant sunburn injuries that required hospitalization and treatment in a burn center. Concurrently a pilot study was conducted to assess the knowledge about sun protection among the adult population and the results are discussed. The results obtained from the study revealed the lack of knowledge regarding sun protection and sun seeking behaviour among the responders. Deeper burns are rarely caused by direct sunlight exposure and are underreported in literature. Despite extensive health education and warnings, there are significant numbers of sunburn injuries reported annually. On most occasions, these are superficial and are in the form of erythema. Nonetheless, the public is unaware of the impending risks of developing deep sunburn injuries that can occur especially during protracted holiday exposures. Therefore, it is crucial to escalate public awareness and to implement preventive measures to reduce the short and long-term risks of sun exposure., (Copyright © 2017 Elsevier Ltd and ISBI. All rights reserved.)
- Published
- 2018
- Full Text
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39. The epidemiology of solar radiation and skin cancer
- Author
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Bruce K. Armstrong and Anne Kricker
- Subjects
medicine.medical_specialty ,Pathology ,integumentary system ,Sun protection ,Incidence (epidemiology) ,Melanoma ,Sun damage ,medicine.disease ,Dermatology ,Geography ,Epidemiology ,medicine ,Basal cell ,Skin cancer ,Sunburn ,skin and connective tissue diseases ,neoplasms - Abstract
This chapter reviews the history of and epidemiological evidence on the relationship between sun exposure and skin cancer and, in doing so, addresses the three most frequent types of skin cancer, basal cell (BCC) and squamous cell (SCC) carcinomas and melanoma, individually. There is persuasive evidence that BCC, SCC and melanoma are caused by sun exposure with the higher rates in fairer, sun-sensitive than in darker-skinned, less sun-sensitive people, with increasing risk with increasing ambient solar radiation, highest densities on the most sun exposed and lowest on the unexposed parts of the body, and with associations in individuals with total (mainly SCC), occupational (mainly SCC) and non-occupational or recreational sun exposure (mainly melanoma and BCC) and a history of sunburn and presence of benign sun damage in the skin. Sun protection is essential if skin cancer incidence is to be reduced. The epidemiological data suggest that in implementing sun protection an increase in intermittency of exposure should be avoided, that sun protection will have the greatest impact if achieved as early as possible in life, and that it will probably have an impact later in life, especially in those who had high childhood exposure to solar radiation. Rigorous epidemiological testing of the hypotheses underlying these suggestions would be desirable but challenging.
- Published
- 2001
40. Sunscreens: practical applications
- Author
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David S. Orentreich, Glenn Arpino, Herb Burack, and Anna-Sophia Leone
- Subjects
Engineering ,Sun protection factor ,integumentary system ,Physical Barrier ,Risk analysis (engineering) ,business.industry ,Sun protection ,parasitic diseases ,Forensic engineering ,skin and connective tissue diseases ,business ,Ultraviolet radiation ,Skin damage - Abstract
Artificial sun protection is used to protect the skin from the effects of ultraviolet radiation. It includes sunscreens, clothing, hats, sunglasses, and physical barriers between the skin and the sun. This chapter will focus primarily on the use of sunscreens, practical applications, potential dangers, environmental issues, and the usefulness of SPF (sun protection factor) as a quantifiable endpoint in preventing UVR-induced skin damage.
- Published
- 2001
41. Angular Selectivity of Seasonal Sun Protection Devices
- Author
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Harry Wirth and Adolf Goetzberger
- Subjects
Optics ,business.industry ,Sun protection ,Environmental science ,business ,Selectivity ,Remote sensing - Published
- 2000
42. Sun Protection System Based on CPC's With Total Internal Reflection
- Author
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Christopher Bühler, Adolf Goetzberger, and Harry Wirth
- Subjects
Physics ,Total internal reflection ,Optics ,Sun protection ,business.industry ,business - Published
- 2000
43. Rationale, design, and baseline data of a cross-national randomized trial on the effect of built shade in public parks for sun protection.
- Author
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Buller DB, Dobbinson S, English DR, Wakefield M, and Buller MK
- Subjects
- Australia, Humans, Prospective Studies, Research Design, United States, Parks, Recreational, Skin Neoplasms prevention & control, Sunlight
- Abstract
Environments can be structured to reduce solar ultraviolet radiation (UV) exposure to prevent skin cancer. A prospective randomized trial is being conducted to test whether introducing shade sails in passive recreation areas (PRAs) in public parks will increase use and decrease UV exposure in the shaded compared to unshaded PRAs. Shade effects will be compared between Melbourne, Australia and Denver, USA. The trial enrolled 145 public parks with PRAs suitable for shade construction and randomized parks to intervention or control in a 1:3 ratio. Use of PRAs and UV levels were recorded at each park by trained observers during 30-minute periods on four weekend days in each of two summers (pretest and posttest). Shade sails were constructed between the summers. Given low numbers of users at pretest, the outcome measure was modified to use of the PRA (use vs. no use) and unit of analysis to the individual observation. Observations (n=580) occurred on average 29days from the summer solstice and 55min from solar noon in warm weather (mean=26.2°C) with some cloud cover but only slight or no wind. Typically, PRAs had benches and picnic tables and were located near playgrounds. PRAs were in use during 13.3% of observations (mean=0.41 users). UV over 30-minutes at the PRA boundary (mean=3.2 standard erythemal dose [SED]) and center (mean=3.3 SED) was high. Shade for skin cancer prevention has been understudied. This study will address this gap by determining whether purpose-built shade structures promote greater use of shaded areas within public parks., (Copyright © 2017 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)
- Published
- 2017
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
44. Adolescent sun protection at secondary school athletic sporting events - a misnomer.
- Author
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McNoe BM and Reeder AI
- Subjects
- Adolescent, Adult, Female, Humans, Male, Protective Clothing, Schools, Sunscreening Agents administration & dosage, Surveys and Questionnaires, Health Behavior, Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice, Skin Neoplasms prevention & control, Sports, Sunburn prevention & control
- Abstract
Objective: To observe the sun-protective practices of students and staff and related aspects of the physical environment at secondary school athletics days., Methods: This observational study of 1,225 students and 215 adult supervisors examined the use of sun-protective items (hats, clothing coverage, sunglasses), sunscreen provision and shade., Results: Sun-protective behaviour was poor with only 3% of students and 25% of adult supervisors wearing a sun-protective hat. Shade was not available to most students, either as competitors or while waiting to compete. Sunscreen provision was 50%., Conclusion: Portable shade for students waiting to compete should be available at competitive events. Students should be encouraged to wear sun-protective hats and clothing while not competing and SPF30+ broad-spectrum sunscreen should always be provided. Guidelines for adult supervisors should be developed so they role model appropriate sun protection., (© 2016 Public Health Association of Australia.)
- Published
- 2016
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
45. Teen Daughters and Their Mothers in Conversation: Identifying Opportunities for Enhancing Awareness of Risky Tanning Behaviors.
- Author
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Gordon M, Rodríguez VM, Shuk E, Schoenhammer M, Halpern AC, Geller AC, and Hay JL
- Subjects
- Adolescent, Adult, Female, Humans, Interviews as Topic, Melanoma prevention & control, Parent-Child Relations, Qualitative Research, Risk-Taking, Mothers psychology, Nuclear Family psychology, Sunlight adverse effects, Ultraviolet Rays adverse effects
- Abstract
Purpose: The incidence of melanoma has been increasing dramatically among teenage and young adult women over the past several decades. Despite a causal link between ultraviolet light exposure and melanoma, a significant proportion of young women intentionally tan. Furthermore, we know very little about the family's role in melanoma-related risk practices., Methods: This study examined 22 interviews of adolescent girls and their mothers discussing topics related to sun protection and tanning behavior., Results: Qualitative analysis elicited four primary themes: (1) high rates of prior discussion about indoor tanning; (2) discussion of other risky behaviors that are considered more important than tanning; (3) a desire for increased knowledge of risky tanning behavior; and (4) change in tanning behavior with relevant life experience., Conclusions: Results emphasize the value of educational interventions designed to raise melanoma-related risk awareness and suggest the potential benefit of improving knowledge maintenance and family engagement through information sharing., (Copyright © 2016 Society for Adolescent Health and Medicine. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)
- Published
- 2016
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
46. Environmental variables associated with vacationers' sun protection at warm weather resorts in North America.
- Author
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Andersen PA, Buller DB, Walkosz BJ, Scott MD, Beck L, Liu X, Abbott A, and Eye R
- Subjects
- Adolescent, Adult, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Altitude, Canada, Clothing, Female, Geography, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Seasons, Sunlight adverse effects, Temperature, United States, Weather, Young Adult, Environmental Exposure prevention & control, Sunburn prevention & control, Sunscreening Agents administration & dosage, Ultraviolet Rays adverse effects
- Abstract
Background: Vacationing at sunny, warm weather locations is a risk factor for excessive solar ultraviolet (UV) radiation exposure and skin cancer., Objectives: This study examined the association of environmental variables related to UV levels with vacationers' sun protection., Methods: Vacationers at 41 summer resorts in 17 states and 1 Canadian Province were interviewed (n=3531) and observed (N=4347) during 2012 and 2013. Clothing coverage, sunglasses, and shade use were observed. Use of sunscreen and sunburns were self-reported. Environmental information was recorded by research staff or acquired from ground stations and the weather service., Results: Temperature was positively associated with sun protection behaviors; however clothing coverage was negatively associated with temperature. Cloud cover was negatively associated with sun protection, with the exception of clothing coverage which was positively associated with it. Elevation showed a mixed pattern of associations with vacationer's sun protection. Latitude of a resort was negatively associated with most sun protection behaviors, such that sun protection increased at more southerly resorts. Similarly, the farther south a vacationer traveled to the resort, the less sun protection they employed. The UV index showed a weak, positive relationship with some sun protection behaviors even when controlling for temperature., Conclusions: Vacationers appeared aware that UV is higher at southern latitudes and may learn UV is intense when living in southern regions. However, many used temperature, an unreliable cue, to judge UV intensity and seemed to adjust clothing for warmth not UV protection. Efforts are needed to help individuals make more accurate sun safety decisions., (Copyright © 2016. Published by Elsevier Inc.)
- Published
- 2016
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
47. Validation of sun exposure and protection index (SEPI) for estimation of sun habits.
- Author
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Detert H, Hedlund S, Anderson CD, Rodvall Y, Festin K, Whiteman DC, and Falk M
- Subjects
- Adult, Australia, Female, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Reproducibility of Results, Skin Neoplasms etiology, Skin Neoplasms prevention & control, Sunlight adverse effects, Sunscreening Agents therapeutic use, Sweden, Ultraviolet Rays, Health Behavior, Sunbathing statistics & numerical data, Surveys and Questionnaires
- Abstract
Background: In both Sweden and Australia high incidence rates of skin cancer have become a major health problem. In prevention and risk communication, it is important to have reliable ways for identifying people with risky sun habits. In this study the validity and reliability of the questionnaire Sun Exposure Protection Index (SEPI), developed to assess individual's sun habits and their propensity to increase sun protection during routine, often brief, clinical encounters, has been evaluated. The aim of our study was to evaluate validity and reliability of the proposed SEPI scoring instrument, in two countries with markedly different ultraviolet radiation environments (Sweden and Australia)., Method: Two subpopulations in Sweden and Australia respectively were asked to fill out the SEPI together with the previously evaluated Readiness to Alter Sun Protective Behaviour questionnaire (RASP-B) and the associated Sun-protective Behaviours Questionnaire. To test reliability, the SEPI was again filled out by the subjects one month later., Results: Comparison between SEPI and the questions in the Sun-protective Behaviours Questionnaire, analyzed with Spearman's Rho, showed good correlations regarding sun habits. Comparison between SEPI and RASP-B regarding propensity to increase sun protection showed concurrently lower SEPI mean scores for action stage, but no difference between precontemplation and contemplation stages. The SEPI test-retest analysis indicated stability over time. Internal consistency of the SEPI, assessed with Cronbach's alpha estimation showed values marginally lower than the desired >0.70 coefficient value generally recommended, and was somewhat negatively affected by the question on sunscreen use, likely related to the classic "sunscreen paradox". There were some differences in the performance of the SEPI between the Swedish and Australian samples, possibly due to the influence of "available" sunlight and differing attitudes to behaviour and protection "at home" and on vacation., Conclusions: SEPI appears to be a stable instrument with an overall acceptable validity and reliability, applicable for use in populations exposed to different UVR environments, in order to evaluate individual sun exposure and protection., (Copyright © 2015 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd.. All rights reserved.)
- Published
- 2015
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
48. Sunburn, sun exposure, and sun sensitivity in the Study of Nevi in Children.
- Author
-
Satagopan JM, Oliveria SA, Arora A, Marchetti MA, Orlow I, Dusza SW, Weinstock MA, Scope A, Geller AC, Marghoob AA, and Halpern AC
- Subjects
- Child, Child, Preschool, Cross-Sectional Studies, Female, Humans, Male, Massachusetts epidemiology, Prospective Studies, Regression Analysis, Risk Factors, Sunburn, Surveys and Questionnaires, Nevus, Skin Neoplasms epidemiology, Sunlight, Ultraviolet Rays adverse effects
- Abstract
Purpose: To examine the joint effect of sun exposure and sunburn on nevus counts (on the natural logarithm scale; log nevi) and the role of sun sensitivity., Methods: We describe an analysis of cross-sectional data from 443 children enrolled in the prospective Study of Nevi in Children. To evaluate the joint effect, we partitioned the sum of squares because of interaction between sunburn and sun exposure into orthogonal components representing (1) monotonic increase in log nevi with increasing sun exposure (rate of increase of log nevi depends on sunburn), and (2) nonmonotonic pattern., Results: In unadjusted analyses, there was a marginally significant monotonic pattern of interaction (P = .08). In adjusted analyses, sun exposure was associated with higher log nevi among those without sunburn (P < .001), but not among those with sunburn (P = .14). Sunburn was independently associated with log nevi (P = .02), even though sun sensitivity explained 29% (95% confidence interval: 2%-56%, P = .04) of its effect. Children with high sun sensitivity and sunburn had more nevi, regardless of sun exposure., Conclusions: A program of increasing sun protection in early childhood as a strategy for reducing nevi, when applied to the general population, may not equally benefit everyone., (Copyright © 2015 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)
- Published
- 2015
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
49. Validity and Reliability of Sun Protection Behavior Scale among Turkish Adolescent Population.
- Author
-
Aygun O and Ergun A
- Subjects
- Adolescent, Child, Factor Analysis, Statistical, Female, Humans, Male, Reproducibility of Results, Turkey, Health Behavior, Psychometrics methods, Sunscreening Agents therapeutic use, Surveys and Questionnaires standards
- Abstract
Purpose: The aim of this research was to adapt the Sun Protection Behavior Scale (SPBS) to Turkish and to perform validity and reliability analyses., Methods: The scale was administered to a total of 900 adolescents, the retest to 91 adolescents. The construct validity of the scale was evaluated using exploratory (EFA) and confirmatory factor analysis (CFA). The EFA and CFA were applied to sample groups of 449 and 451 people, respectively., Results: The Cronbach alpha coefficients for the Turkish form of the SPBS (α = .74) and its sunscreen (α = .88) and hat use (α = .70) subscales were found to be ≥.70 while the sun avoidance subscale was calculated to be .67. The item-total score correlation between the scale and its subscales was ≥.26 and the test-retest correlations were found to be ≥.51. The CFA results verified the 8-item, 3-factor Turkish version of the SPBS. The confirmatory factor loadings for the scale were .45-.80 for sun avoidance, .72-.93 for sunscreen use, and .66-.83 for hat use. In particular, SPBS and sunscreen use (p < .001) exhibited significantly high mean scores among girls and economically better backgrounds (p = .007, p < .001, respectively). In addition, SPBS (p = .004) and hat use (p < .001) revealed that the mean scores were significantly high in younger adolescents., Conclusions: The SPBS was found to be valid and reliable and its psychometric characteristics acceptable. The scale can be used to measure the behavior of Turkish adolescent populations with respect to sun protection., (Copyright © 2015. Published by Elsevier B.V.)
- Published
- 2015
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
50. Maximising students' use of purpose-built shade in secondary schools: quantitative and qualitative results of a built-environment intervention.
- Author
-
Dobbinson S, Jamsen K, McLeod K, White V, Wakefield M, White V, Livingston P, and Simpson JA
- Subjects
- Adolescent, Focus Groups, Humans, Multivariate Analysis, Observation, Qualitative Research, Schools, Sunlight, Ultraviolet Rays adverse effects, Environment Design, Environmental Exposure prevention & control, Skin Neoplasms prevention & control
- Abstract
A trial installing shade sails at secondary schools found increased students' use of newly shaded areas, but relatively low use overall. We examined site features and weather related to use of these shaded areas. Tables with seats and temperatures ≥27°C increased student use of shaded areas, presence of grass decreased use. Focus groups at eight schools suggest students were unaware of changes to their habitual use of favoured locations. Results infer careful selection of locations for built-shade and provision of tables with seats will assist in maximising student use and investments in shade sails., (Copyright © 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)
- Published
- 2014
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
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