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Introduction: Increased incidence of localized osteonecrosis in the jaw bones caused by bisphosphanate use and reduced quality of life of the patients led researchers to diagnose the disease in the early period and to investigate the effective treatment modality. Objective: Treatment of medication-related osteonecrosis of the jaw patients is based on individual protocols from clinical experience, as there are no definitive treatment guidelines. In view of the lack of consensus on the effectiveness of medication-related osteonecrosis of the jaw treatments in the literature, the aim of this study was to evaluate the surgical technique described in the treatment of advanced stages of medication-related osteonecrosis of the jaw patients. Methods: Twenty-one patients affected by Stage 2–3 medication-related osteonecrosis of the jaw were treated with ultrasonic piezoelectric bone surgery for necrotic bone removing, leukocyte and platelet-rich fibrin concentrate obtained from the patient’s peripheral blood and Nd:YAG laser for biostimulation. Success was assessed as the maintenance of full mucosal coverage without signs of residual infection at 1-month (T1), 3-months (T2), 6-months (T3) and 1-year (T4) after surgery. Logistic regressions were used to evaluate the association between the different independent variables and treatment outcomes. Results: Two Stage 3 patients had delayed healing at 1 month after the operation. Complete mucosal healing was achieved in all patients at the third month. Multivariate analysis demonstrated that different variables were not significantly correlated with delayed healing (p > 0.05). Conclusion: The surgical protocol presented in this study shows promising results for surgical management of advanced stages of medication-related osteonecrosis of the jaw patients.

الملخص: أهداف البحث: الفيبرين الغني بالصفائح الدموية عبارة عن مصفوفة من الفيبرين تحتوي على الخلايا، والسيتوكينات، وعوامل النمو، والتي يمكن تحريرها بعد وقت محدد من الدم، وتعمل كغشاء قابل للذوبان. وقد أظهرت العديد من الدراسات فوائد الفيبرين الغني بالصفائح الدموية في شفاء العظام في جراحة زراعات الوجه والفكين. تقيم دراستنا تأثير الفيبرين الغني بالصفائح الدموية على مضاعفات ما بعد الجراحة بعد قلع أسنان العقل المنحشرة. طرق البحث: تم ضم ٢٠ مريضا في هذه الدراسة السريرية العشوائية المنضبطة. ١٠ مرضى في مجموعة الدراسة و١٠ في المجموعة المراقبة. وتتراوح أعمار المرضى بين ١٨ و٤٠ سنة. تم إجراء القلع الجراحي للأسنان المصابة #٣٨ #٤٨ في جميع المرضى. خضعت مجموعة الدراسة لعملية جراحية سنخية سنية مع استخدام الفيبرين الغني بالصفائح الدموية، في حين خضعت مجموعة التحكم لعملية جراحية بدون الفيبرين الغني بالصفائح الدموية. النتائج: أبلغ جميع المرضى في مجموعة الدراسة عن ألم أقل بكثير بعد الجراحة، وشفاء الأنسجة الرخوة الممتاز خلال فترة المتابعة. في المقابل، كان ٨٠٪ فقط من المرضى في مجموعة التحكم شفاء الأنسجة الرخوة لديهم جيدا. ولم يكن الفرق بين التورم بعد الجراحة بين المجموعتين ذي أهمية إحصائية. بالإضافة إلى ذلك، أفاد ٦٩٪ من المرضى في مجموعة الدراسة عن نوم ليلي مريح خلال اليوم الأول بعد الجراحة مقارنة بنسبة ٣١٪ في مجموعة التحكم. وكان هذا الفرق ذا دلالة إحصائية. الاستنتاجات: استنادا إلى نتائج دراستنا، فإن زرع الفيبرين الغني بالصفائح الدموية في مواقع القلع الجراحي يمكن أن يكون مفيدا في تقليل الألم بعد الجراحة وتحسن شفاء الأنسجة الرخوة. استخدام الفيبرين الغني بالصفائح الدموية في مكان القلع بسيط وآمن بيولوجيا. الآثار المفيدة للفيبرين الغني بالصفائح الدموية تدعم تطبيقه في مجالات جراحة الأسنان. Abstract: Objectives: Platelet-rich fibrin (PRF) is a fibrin matrix composed of cells, cytokines, and growth factors, which may be liberated from blood at specific times and act as a resorbable membrane. Many studies have demonstrated the benefits of PRF for bone healing in oral and maxillofacial implant surgery. Our study assesses the impact of PRF on postoperative complications following the extraction of impacted wisdom teeth. Methods: Twenty patients were recruited in this blind controlled randomised clinical trial, i.e. ten patients in the study group and ten patients in the control group. The patients were aged between 18 and 40 years. Surgical removal of impacted teeth #38 and #48 was performed in all the patients. The study group underwent dentoalveolar surgery with the use of PRF, while the control group underwent surgery without PRF. Results: All patients in the study group reported significantly less postoperative pain (p = 0.02) and excellent soft tissue healing during the follow-up period (p = 0.021). In contrast, only 80% of patients in the control group exhibited sufficient soft tissue healing. The difference in postoperative swelling between the two groups was not statistically significant. Additionally, 69% of patients in the study group reported comfortable night sleep during the first 24 h after the operation compared to 31% in the control group. This difference was statistically significant (p = 0.02). Conclusion: Based on the outcomes of our study, implanting PRF into surgical extraction sites can be helpful in reducing postoperative pain and improving soft tissue healing. The use of PRF in extraction sockets is simple and biologically safe. The beneficial effects of PRF support its possible application in the field of dental surgery.

Introduction: Among the different graft materials used in dental clinics, autogenous bone is the most ideal. However, its biggest short coming is that the amount invested is limited, resorption is unavoidable and a secondary defect is generated at the donor site. Extracted tooth has been discarded as infective medical dust. So, the present study was aimed to evaluate the efficacy of autogenous tooth as graft material in the extraction socket of third molar region. Materials and method: A split mouth study design was undertaken. 20 patients requiring extraction of bilateral mandibular third molars were included in the study. This study was carried out in third molar region. Group A: PRF membrane was placed in the third molar extraction socket. Group B: Autogenous tooth processed into bone graft was used in the third molar extraction socket, over which PRF membrane was placed. Postoperative pain and bone healing were assessed in the post-operative follow-up visits. Results: We observed that Group B showed significantly faster bone healing as compared to Group A, in terms of overall density and trabecular pattern of bone at the end of 3 months and 6 months following extraction. Conclusion: This study clearly indicates that autogenous tooth used as bone graft material showed improved bone healing at the third molar extraction sockets. This study emphasis on use of human dentin as graft material as it was simple, cost effective, required no special armamentarium and infrastructure for preparation and even did not require additional donor site.

Platelet concentrates, which are enriched with growth factors are well-known to boost the healing process and have started to be in trend and utilized clinically in periodontal surgical procedures. Its autologous nature provides an advantage to the patients as it reduces treatment cost and minimizes the risk of cross-infection. Despite its exclusive application in promoting healing, there is data paucity on the role of platelet concentrates on bone regeneration. Therefore, this review aims to explore the potential bone regenerative effect of platelet concentrates that would be beneficial as one of the alternative options in periodontal regenerative procedures. Even though the application of platelet concentrates has shown promising outcomes, there is a need for further studies to discover the potential of platelet concentrates in bone regeneration.

Tissue regenerative procedures aim to enhance regeneration of altered tissue. Extensive research has been carried out in this area and all proposed procedures present limitations. In this context the area of platelet-rich fibrin (PRF) research has gained tremendous awareness in the latest years. PRF is a low-cost regenerative modality that facilitates soft tissue regeneration derived from 100% autologous sources. It forms a fibrin mesh that liberates growth factors in a slow and prolonged manner and also contains supra-physiological concentrations of leukocytes. Reports from the literature have suggested that these leukocyte-rich blood-preparations are capable of improving wound healing, diminishing post-operative pain, and additionally minimizing the risk of infection. In our article we present the first clinical case where PRF was used as a wound healing accelerator of gingival lesions in a chemical soft tissue burn after teeth whitening.

Aim: This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to assess individually the regenerative potential of PRF (Platelet-rich Fibrin), PRP (Platelet-rich Plasma), and PRGF (Plasma Rich in Growth Factors) in comparison to OFD (Open Flap Debridement) alone for treating Intrabony defects, by calculating pooled effect sizes., Background: Relevant randomized controlled trials on humans were searched in PUBMED, COCHRANE CENTRAL, and GOOGLE SCHOLAR. Mean differences (MD) of Clinical Attachment level (CAL), Probing Pocket depth (PPD), and Defect Depth Reduction (DDR) between the Experimental and Control groups were used for calculating pooled effect sizes. Risk of bias was assessed using Cochrane's tool, and publication bias was evaluated through Funnel plots, Trim & Fill Method, and Rosenthal's Fail-Safe N Test., Review Result: A total of 23 studies were identified for qualitative and quantitative analysis. These studies were categorized into PRF, PRP, and PRGF groups based on the type of APC used. PRF showed the highest CAL gain (1.60 mm, 95% CI = 0.963-2.232 mm, P < 0.001, I2 = 93.83%) and PPD reduction (1.76 mm, 95% CI = 1.056 to 2.446, P < 0.001, I2 = 96.05%). However, PRP exhibited the greatest DDR (3.42 mm, 95% CI = -13.67 to -20.50, P = 0.011, I2 = 87.27%). PRF and PRP demonstrated large effect sizes, while PRGF showed a small effect size., Conclusion: The use of PRF, PRP, and PRGF showed advantages in treating intrabony defects. However, caution is advised when interpreting the results due to heterogeneity and publication bias among the studies., Competing Interests: None, (© 2023 The Authors.)

Autologous platelet rich fibrin (PRF), is currently being widely used and investigated across the globe by clinicians and periodontal research. The technical aspect required for the procurement of PRF includes revolution per minute (RPM), relative centrifugal force (RCF) or G-force, rotor radius, rotor angle, stability or vibration in the centrifugal machine and material of test-tube, besides the systemic health of the individual may influence the final outcome. Present technical note intends to compile these aspects for better understanding and appropriate outcome while preparing PRF in varying clinical scenarios., Competing Interests: None., (© 2023 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. on behalf of Craniofacial Research Foundation.)

The present study evaluated the quantitative effects of platelet-rich fibrin (PRF) for the repair of extraction socket in Sprague Dawley (SD) rat model by assessing several key clinical parameters. Seventy two male SD rats were subjected to surgical extraction of the maxillary right incisor. Rats were randomly divided into four groups with eighteen rats in each group based on the treatment received: extraction socket without treatment of PRF was taken as control (group I). Extraction socket implanted with 0.1, 0.2, and 0.4 mL of PRF was taken as study groups (groups II, III, and IV). The obtained results demonstrated that, low dose of PRF efficiently enhanced the natural healing cascade. Whereas, high dose interfered with native tissue contribution and altered the natural healing process. The beneficial effects of quantity-based application of PRF may raise the possibility of a new approach as complementary therapy besides conventional treatment., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare no conflict of interest., (Copyright © 2022 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)

Aim: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the impact of gender and peripheral blood parameters on the characteristics of Leucocyte-and Platelet-Rich Fibrin (L-PRF) membranes and to describe histologically three different zones of L-PRF membranes., Methods: Blood was collected from twenty healthy donors (10 men and 10 women). Peripheral blood parameters including leucocyte and platelet counts, and fibrinogen levels were recorded. L-PRF membranes were prepared to quantify the release of growth factors (PDGF, VEGF, BMP-2, and BMP-9) at 1, 2, 3 and 7 days and for histological examination. Three zones within each L-PRF membrane (face, body, and tail) were analysed separately, quantifying the area of leucocytes, platelets, and fibrin in percentage. The Young's modulus of the membranes was also considered (during tensile and compression tests)., Results: Women had significantly higher fibrinogen levels in their peripheral blood, and a higher release of BMP-9, whereas men showed a significantly higher Young's modulus in compression tests. The histology revealed significant differences in cellular content and fibrin concentration between the 3 areas, with the face being biologically the richest., Conclusion: Several factors influenced the final characteristics of L-PRF membranes. These need to be taken into consideration when interpreting the results of research, but especially in clinical practice., Competing Interests: The Department of Periodontology and the Department of Prosthetic Dentistry at KU Leuven are holders of a research chair from Intra-Lock International, devoted to optimizing osseointegration. The authors have stated explicitly that there are no conflicts of interest with this article., (© 2022 Published by Elsevier B.V. on behalf of Craniofacial Research Foundation.)

Background: The ultimate goal of tissue engineering is to reproduce functional alveolar∖Periodontal complex. This study aimed to asses micro- and nano-formulated crystalline calcium sulfate as possible treatment of intrabony defect utilizing an autologous Platelet rich fibrin scaffold., Subjects: and Methods: An experimental prospective split mouth design using eight healthy mongrel dog's was conducted. After two months of extracting the first premolar, bilateral intrabony defects were created mesial to the mandibular second premolar. One side was grafted by nanocrystalline calcium sulfate, while, the opposite side was grafted with microcrystalline calcium sulfate graft. Dogs were randomly euthanized after one month (group I) and 3 months (group II). The primary outcomes were the histological changes of new bone formation in hematoxylin and eosin and Masson trichrome stains, while histomorphometric and radiographic analysis were the secondary outcome followed by statistical analysis (P value was set at .05)., Results: There was a significant increase in the percentage of bone formation in relation to defect height in nanocrystalline compared to microcrystalline form after one month and three months in both histological (p-values of <0.0001) and radiographic results (p-values of <0.0001)., Conclusion: Nanocrystalline calcium sulfate presented a significant enhanced periodontal regeneration compared to the microcrystalline form., (© 2020 Published by Elsevier B.V. on behalf of Craniofacial Research Foundation.)

Background: The question of whether platelet rich fibrin and ozone can enhance regeneration of periodontal defect was addressed., Materials and Methods: three-wall periodontal defects were surgically created in 30 rats involving mesial aspect of right mandibular first molar. Rats were randomly assigned into three groups: 1) Group I (Positive control group). 2) Group II (Ozone treated group) and 3) Group III (PRF treated group). Two weeks after surgery, five rats from each group were euthanized and the remaining was euthanized 4 weeks post surgery. The degree of periodontal regeneration was evaluated using light microscope and scanning electron microscope. Histomorphometric measurements and anti-PCNA immunohistochemical counting were statistically analyzed., Results: group I showed intense inflammatory reaction with mild new bone formation. In group II, partial regeneration was seen with moderate new woven bone formation in 2 weeks period. After 4 weeks, almost complete restoration of periodontium was seen. In group III, after 2 weeks, moderate lamellar bone formation was observed. In 4 weeks period, the periodontal regeneration was almost completed. Histomorphometric analysis showed a significant difference between group I and group II. The difference between group I and group III was significant in 2 weeks and highly significant after 4 weeks. That between group II and group III was nonsignificant in 2 weeks and significant in 4 weeks. Anti-PCNA analysis was nonsignificant between groups., Conclusions: both Platelet rich fibrin and ozone can improve histological parameters associated with healing of experimental intrabony periodontal defects in rats with the former being superior., Competing Interests: None., (© 2020 Published by Elsevier B.V. on behalf of Craniofacial Research Foundation.)

Objective: The present study evaluates and compares the effectiveness of Simvastatin (SIM), Hydroxyapatite (HA), and platelet-rich fibrin (PRF) in bone regeneration of periapical defects., Material& Method: Thirty-nine patients were selected and randomized into three groups, Group 1: HA (n = 13), Group 2: PRF (n = 13), Group 3: SIM (n = 13). After completion of RCT and apicoectomy, the grafts were placed locally in the defect and sutured., Results: At the end of twelve months, postoperative symptoms and radiographic analysis assessed the outcome of the treatment., Conclusion: Intragroup analysis of CBCT- Periapical Index (PAI) scores at 6th and 12th month revealed a significant change in the SIM group (p = 0.018 and 0.001 respectively), compared to PRF (p = 0.026 and 0.001 respectively) and HA (p = 0.053 and 0.039 respectively). Intergroup analysis of change in the level of CBCT-PAI score was highly significant (p = 0.003).SIM caused a more considerable change in the level of CBCT-PAI score compared to other groups, thereby indicating a faster rate of bone regeneration., Competing Interests: No other relationships/conditions/circumstances that present a potential conflict of interest, (© 2020 Craniofacial Research Foundation. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)

Aim: The aim of the study was to evaluate the influence of autologous platelet-rich fibrin (PRF) on soft tissue healing and bone regeneration following tooth extraction clinically and radio-graphically., Materials and Methods: 30 Patients between the age group of 18-40 years requiring extraction of bilateral mandibular molars except third molars were selected to conduct a split-mouth study after ethical approval. Teeth extraction was done on both sides in the same appointment. Autologous PRF was placed into the socket on one side randomly, and the socket on the other side was taken as control side. Parameters evaluated were soft tissue healing and bone regeneration. Soft tissue healing was evaluated on post-extraction day-3, day-7 and day-14 using healing index by Landry et al. Bone regeneration was assessed immediately and 4 months post-extraction by observation of change in radiopacity through digital panoramic-radiograph. Data obtained was statistically analysed and comparison of outcome variables was done using Mann-Whitney U-test, p < 0.05 was considered statistically significant., Results: Case group had better soft tissue healing when compared to the control group with the p-value of 0.025 at 3rd day 0.039 at 7th day and 0.00 at 14th day. The rise in radiopacity at the end of 16th week for PRF group was higher as compared to control group but did not differ significantly., Conclusion: PRF is significantly better in promoting soft tissue healing and also hastens bone formation in extraction socket. PRF may be recommended as a valuable material for encouraging soft tissue healing and bone regeneration., Competing Interests: The authors declare no conflict of interest regarding the publication of this article., (© 2020 Craniofacial Research Foundation. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)

Purpose: To histologically evaluate the use of bovine derived deproteinized xenograft (DBBM), leukocyte and platelet rich fibrin (L-PRF) and the combination of both in Guided Bone Regeneration (GBR) performed in non-critical size defects in rabbit., Methods: A prospective experimental study was performed. Four bone defects in the tibiae of 12 rabbits were made and each of them was filled with DBBM, L-PRF, a combination of DBBM + L-PRF or was left to heal as control site. All defects were covered with a collagen membrane. Rabbits were randomly distributed in three groups and euthanatized at 3, 6 or 9 weeks. Samples were obtained and histologically analyzed to determine vital bone, connective tissue and remaining graft particles percentage. Analysis of variance, Kruskal Wallis and non-paired t-test where used to evaluate the significance of the results., Results: At 3 weeks of healing, DBBM showed significantly more vital bone percentage than L-PRF (p = 0,05) and DBBM + L-PRF showed significantly less connective tissue than control (p  <  0,05) . All other groups showed no statistical difference between them. At 6 weeks of healing, DBBM showed significantly more vital bone percentage than L-PRF (p  <  0,05) , DBBM + L-PRF (p  <  0,05) and control (p  <  0,05) and there wasn't any other significant difference regarding to connective tissue or remaining particle percentage between groups. At t 9 weeks healing period, there weren't any significant differences between groups., Conclusions: DBBM seems to enhance vital bone formation at early healing stages. The use of L-PRF alone or combined with DBBM, didn't show any histological improvement regarding to vital bone formation. The use of DBBM, alone or in conjunction with L-PRF showed a trend to reduce connective tissue percentage. The use of L-PRF combined with DBBM didn't affect the remaining particle percentage., (© 2020 Craniofacial Research Foundation. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)

Aim: The aim of the current review was to outline the existing information related to antimicrobial properties of various platelet concentrates, as experimented in various in-vitro studies., Background: One of the most interesting recent landmarks in the field of biological therapy has been the discovery that platelets, in addition to being capable of releasing hundreds of proteins and growth factors, can also release immunomodulatory agents with antimicrobial activity. Several international research groups have reported antimicrobial activities in both human platelets and other types of platelet rich plasma preparations., Review Result: This review was carried-out pursuing a systematic approach. An electronic search was conducted on MEDLINE and GOOGLE SCHOLAR databases using suitable search terminologies. It included preclinical studies which assessed the antimicrobial activity of Autologous Platelet Concentrates(APC).Ten in-vitro studies and one animal study, which investigated APC effects on various microorganisms, were included. Almost in all the included in-vitro studies, it was found that complete breakdown of microbial load could not be achieved by any of the APC preparations but there occurred a reduction in the growth of microorganisms. Thus APCs displayed a bacteriostatic rather than bacteriocidal activity.The only animal study included in this review which had both in-vitro and in-vivo evaluation, also showed reduction of infection caused by different microorganisms., Conclusion: Although the precise mechanism of synergy with microbial pathogens needs further validation, platelet concentrates proved to have antimicrobial properties.

Aim: The current study was based on the hypothesis that the use of PRF with bone graft materials might increase bone regeneration and focus on the histopathological and immunohistochemical aspects following application of PRF with autogenous graft, xenograft and B-TCP in a rabbit model., Material and Methods: This study was performed on the twenty-eight male New Zealand divided into four group. Two defects with a diameter 10 mm were opened in calvarium. After PRF preparation, right defects were evaluated as empty defect or graft group, and left defects were evaluated as PRF test group. All animals were sacrificed at the end of 8 weeks and specimens were examined histopathologically and immunohistochemically., Results: The most superior histopathological results were obtained in the autograft group. The combination of β-TCP-PRF could not provide superiority over the β-TCP group. The immunohistochemical results showed that, in the PRF/BTCP group, the expression of osteopontin and osteonectin was relatively higher compared to the only-BTCP group., Conclusion: In terms of new bone formation, autograft combined with PRF yielded superior results but the combination of β-TCP-PRF had no effect compared to the only-BTCP group. However, further experimental and clinical studies might be beneficial to clarify the exact mechanism and results of combining PRF with bone grafts on bone healing process., (Copyright © 2019 European Association for Cranio-Maxillo-Facial Surgery. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)

Objective: To assess the efficacy of Platelet Rich Fibrin (PRF) on the pain and healing of the extraction socket associated with Alveolar Osteitis (Dry Socket, AO) after removal of maxillary and mandibular molars., Study Design: 100 adult patients with age group ranging from 18 to 40 years along with established dry socket after maxillary and mandibular molar extractions who have not received any treatment for the same were included in the study. PRF was placed in the maxillary and mandibular molar extraction sockets after adequate irrigation of the socket. All the patients evaluated for the various study variables which include pain, degree of inflammation, and healthy granulation tissue formation at 1st, 3rd, 7th, and 14th post operative day. Data were analyzed using Shapirowilk's test, chi square test and/or student- t test, Friedman's test, Wilcoxson's signed rank test, and Bonferroni test, with the significance level set at P < 0.05., Results: There was significant reduction in pain associated with AO at the 3rd and 7th postoperative day along with better wound healing by the end of 2nd week., Conclusion: Use of PRF in this study illustrates the promising results in terms of reduced pain and better healing in the patients with Alveolar Osteitits.

Introduction: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the influence of pH that is due to setting reaction of Biodentine, glass ionomer cement (GIC), and intermediate restorative material (IRM) on transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) release and on the fibrin architecture of platelet-rich fibrin (PRF)., Methods: PRF was obtained from 8 volunteers and layered over the freshly prepared GIC, IRM, and Biodentine mixtures. TGF-β1 release was estimated by using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), and fibrin structure of PRF was analyzed by using scanning electron microscope at 1 and 5 hours., Results: Biodentine, GIC, and IRM increased the TGF-β1 release in comparison with that of control group (PRF alone) at both 1 and 5 hours. Biodentine released significantly more TGF-β1 than GIC and IRM at 1 hour. At 5 hours both GIC and Biodentine released significantly more TGF-β1 than IRM. The fibrin architecture of the Biodentine group was similar to that of control group at both 1 and 5 hours. In GIC and IRM groups the fibrillar structure of fibrin was collapsed, ill-defined, and cloudy with very thick fibers and irregularly reduced porosities., Conclusions: Biodentine induces larger amount of TGF-β1 release and also maintains the integrity of fibrin structure when compared with GIC and IRM when layered over PRF., (Copyright © 2016 American Association of Endodontists. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)

Introduction: The purpose of this prospective, randomized controlled trial was to evaluate the healing outcomes of platelet-rich fibrin (PRF) in periapical surgeries involving apicomarginal defects and to compare these results with surgeries not using any guided tissue regeneration techniques., Methods: Thirty patients with suppurative chronic apical periodontitis and apicomarginal communication were randomly assigned to either the PRF or the control group. Clinical and radiographic parameters including pocket depth (PD), clinical attachment level, gingival marginal position, size of periapical lesion, and percentage reduction of the periapical radiolucency were recorded at baseline and at an interval of 3 months for a period of 12 months., Results: The overall success rate was 83.33%, with a success rate of 86.66% (13 of 15 teeth) for PRF group and 80% (12 of 15 teeth) for control group. Both the groups exhibited a significant reduction in PD, clinical attachment level, gingival marginal position, and size of periapical lesion at 12-month period. No significant differences were observed between the 2 groups for these parameters except PD, which showed a statistically significant reduction in the PRF group (P < .05)., Conclusions: The adjunctive use of regenerative techniques may not promote healing of apicomarginal defects of endodontic origin., (Copyright © 2015 American Association of Endodontists. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)

After years of relegation by dental implants, autotransplantation has recently become more popular because of a better understanding of its science. The prognosis of autotransplantation primarily depends upon the presence of an intact alveolar bone at the transplant site and the regeneration of a functional periodontal ligament of the transplant. Replacement of an unsalvaged or a missing tooth by a natural tooth with normal periodontium within a short duration of treatment is the ultimate challenge of autotransplantation. Meanwhile, Platelet Rich Fibrin (PRF) is popular as a biomaterial which helps in the regeneration of bone and periodontal tissues. To improve the prognosis, and also shorten the treatment time in a rare case of autotransplantation of an impacted tooth in a post-odontoma site, we did a two-stage surgical procedure aided by synthetic bone granules (Biograft) and PRF. The clinical and radiological findings at 6 months follow-up showed good result and promise.

Objective: Platelet-rich fibrin (PRF) has been shown to have structural and biological properties that promote tissue healing. This prospective study evaluated the feasibility, safety, and efficiency of using autologous PRF membrane for urethroplasty coverage in distal hypospadias., Materials and Methods: We prospectively included 33 patients with distal hypospadias operated on between June 2010 and September 2011. Urethroplasties were performed using the Duplay technique. During surgery, 5-10 ml of patient's blood was collected and immediately centrifuged. A PRF clot was transformed into a dense fibrin membrane with a particular cell content and architecture. This membrane was applied and sutured over the urethroplasty. The perioperative course and complications were recorded. Outcomes were compared with those in a control group of children undergoing the same procedure, but with another mean of coverage., Results: With a median follow-up of 8 months (range, 6-18 months), urethral fistula occurred in 2/33 patients. No other complication was noted. No complication related to the blood sampling was reported. There was no statistically significant difference with the control group (p = 0.65)., Conclusion: The PRF patch seems to be a safe and efficient covering technique. Thus, procedure is an additional approach to coverage for hypospadias surgery, and may help to reduce the incidence of postoperative complications when coverage healthy tissue is not available., (Copyright © 2013 Journal of Pediatric Urology Company. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)