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The traditional cooling system employed in loaders lacks the capability to adjust the fan speed based on the working medium's temperature, resulting in significant power waste. This study introduces a high-power spray cooling system as a solution to this issue. A dedicated spray cooling experimental setup was designed and constructed, and the influence of different factors on the heat transfer performance of the system was studied through multi-factor orthogonal tests with the heat transfer power and energy consumption ratio as evaluation indexes. The results of range and variance analysis demonstrate that the cold water flow rate exerts a substantial impact on both the system's heat transfer power and pump power consumption. Additionally, increasing the nozzle incidence angle can enhance the system's energy consumption ratio. Under the optimal combination of heat transfer power factors, the constructed spray cooling system can achieve a heat dissipation of 44.526 kW at a pump power consumption of 1.184 kW, which meets the heat dissipation requirements of the engine coolant and verifies the feasibility of the proposed scheme. Furthermore, a multiple linear regression model for the power consumption ratio is provided. This investigation yields novel insights for augmenting the performance of loader cooling systems.