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In this study, three-stage research was carried out to investigate the adverse effects of openings in flat slabs. In the first stage of the study, full-scaled reinforced concrete two-way slabs were produced and exposed to a punching load. One of the test specimens was the reference test element produced without openings. For the other test specimens, the number of openings, the location of the opening, and the size of the opening were chosen as variables. The punching strength, initial stiffness, and energy dissipation capacity of the slabs were calculated with the load-displacement data recorded during the experiment. In the second stage of the study, the punching capacities of the test specimens were calculated by means of the punching capacity estimation equations presented in international regulations and compared with the experimental data. In the last stage of the study, the superposition principle, which is among the general principles of mechanics and has not been used before in the literature, was utilized. Considering the opening conditions presented in this study and the literature, it was investigated whether the new opening condition that will arise can be predicted with experimental data via the superposition principle.

We study the causal impacts of a tick size reduction policy in highly liquid stocks, exploiting a unique experiment in Borsa Istanbul leading to substantial exogenous variation in the tick size. Adapting a differences-in-differences strategy with a novel limit order and trade book data with intraday calculations, we find evidence that the tick size reduction improves market quality for the liquid stocks by significantly lowering quoted, effective, and realized spread yet reducing the depth at the best bid offer and aggregate depth. Moreover, results indicate a lower price impact for the treated stocks while there is no significant impact on trading volume, however, the number of trades increases but trade and order sizes get smaller significantly. Estimates show null effects on the submission of market orders, volatility, and returns. Our study departs from the existing literature with no dark pool trading and internalization of orders in the Turkish Stock Markets.

This study investigates the causal effects of Syrian migrants on the financial behavior of natives in Türkiye. Utilizing a comprehensive administrative data set, we employ a two-stage least square (2SLS) estimation technique that isolates causal effects by exploiting substantial exogenous variation in the share of migrants relative to natives, arising from the geographical proximity to Syrian governorates of a specific province. Results indicate that immigrants have no significant overall effects on the financial decisions of natives. We find no conclusive evidence that migrant influx promotes overall stock market participation at both extensive and intensive margins. Moreover, our investigation reveals a minimal variation in direct stock ownership or the wealth invested in stocks. We observe neither economically nor statistically significant effects on the share of natives holding bonds or funds. Additionally, no discernible impact of migrants on the wealth per capita invested in bonds, funds, and the overall stock market emerges. However, we find limited evidence suggesting that migrants contribute to an increase in the share of wealth invested in stocks, albeit with a corresponding decrease in the share of wealth allocated to funds. Lastly, we explore the heterogeneity in the effects of immigrants by gender, but our findings reveal no significant variation by gender.

Objective: Caspase-1 is implicated in several important inflammatory diseases and controls adipocyte differentiation and insulin sensitivity. Interleukin-10 (IL-10) is an anti-inflammatory cytokine and plays an important role in chronic inflammatory conditions. This study was planned to determine if there is any relationship between Caspase-1 and IL-10 levels in women with PCOS. Materials and methods: Forty-two women with PCOS and thirty-seven healthy controls were evaluated in this controlled clinical study. Caspase-1 and IL-10 levels, serum lipid sub-fractions, fasting glucose, fasting insulin and other hormones (gonadotropins, androgens), malondialdehyde (MDA) and glutathione (GSH) levels were measured. Homeostasis model assessment (HOMA-IR) was used to estimate insulin resistance. Results: Free androgen index (FAI), HOMA-IR, MDA and Caspase-1 levels were significantly higher in subjects with PCOS. However, the women with PCOS had considerably lower GSH concentration levels than healthy subjects. Serum IL-10 levels were higher in study subjects than in controls, though it was statistically insignificant. Caspase-1 was positively associated with IL-10. Conclusion: These outcomes propose that Caspase-1 may have a role in triggering the processes leading to chronic low-grade inflammation in women with PCOS, independent of insulin resistance, androgen excess and oxidative stress. Nevertheless, the precise role of Caspase-1 in the pathogenesis of the disease remains to be elucidated. Keywords: Caspase-1, IL-10, PCOS, Insulin resistance, Oxidative stress

Purpose: The aim was to compare the effects of yoga and home exercise program on lower extremity functional status, pain, and quality of life in children with enthesitis related arthritis (ERA)., Methods: Twenty-one children with ERA were divided into two groups as yoga (n = 11) and home exercise (n = 10). Yoga group performed supervised yoga exercises twice a week for eight weeks. Home exercise group performed video-based exercises for the same period. Pain in rest and activity, lower extremity functional status, and quality of life were evaluated at baseline and following eight weeks., Results: The groups were similar at baseline (p > 0.05). All the parameters, except parent reported quality of life, significantly improved in yoga group (p < 0.05), where only stair climb test times significantly improved in home exercise group (p < 0.05)., Conclusions: Yoga seems promising for improving lower extremity functional status, pain, and quality of life as an exercise intervention in rehabilitation programs of children with ERA., (Copyright © 2021 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Ltd.. All rights reserved.)

Purpose: To evaluate the dry eye disase and meibomian gland dysfunction with meibography of Seborrheic Dermatit patients., Methods: A hundred-ten of 50 patients with Seborrheic Dermatitis (group 1) and 100 eyes of 50 healthy individuals (group 2) were enrolled in this prospective study. All subjects were performed a comprehensive ophthalmic examination including lid margin alterations and meibomian gland obstruction assessment, Ocular Surface Disease Index assessment, tear film break-up time test, corneal and conjunctival fluorescein staining assessment, Schirmer test. In addition, upper and lower lids were evaluated for meibomian gland loss with non-contact meibography. The Meibomian glands were graded from grade 0 (no loss of Meibomian glands) to grade 3 (gland loss >2/3 of the total Meibomian glands)., Results: The mean ages of Group 1 and Group 2 were 29.1 ± 9.1(range, 18-48) and 30.6 ± 6.3(range, 20-49) years, respectively. MGD(n = 19, %34.5), Meibium gland loss(%36.4 ± 18.1), upper meiboscore (0.7 ± 0.8), lower meiboscore(0.6 ± 0.7) and DED (n = 10, %18.2) were significantly higher in the SD patients compared with the control participants (p = 0.002, p < 0.001, p = 0.011, p = 0.005, p = 0.048, respectively). There was significant relationship between age with Meibomian gland loss, MGD and DED (p = 0.017, p = 0.004, p = 0.002, respectively)., Conclusions: Seborrheic Dermatitis may influence meibomian gland morphology and as a result causing meibomian gland dysfunction and dry eye disase. For this reason, patients with Seborrheic Dermatitis should be evaluated for meibomian gland dysfunction and dry eye disase, and start treatment when needed., (Copyright © 2019 British Contact Lens Association. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)

The breakdown of the guidewire during percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) and the retention of the broken part inside the coronary or systemic vascular system is a rare complication. With the use of a flexible guidewire, the incidence of these complications has markedly decreased. In this case report, we report the withdrawal of a broken guidewire from the distal coronary during PCI.

Myocardial bridging is one of the nonatherosclerotic causes of coronary artery disease and is characterized by muscles overlying the intramyocardial course of a major epicardial coronary artery segment, leading to systolic compression. Myocardial bridging is considered a benign condition in most cases, but has been associated with serious cardiac events such as myocardial infarction and sudden death. We discuss the case of a 63-year-old man who was admitted to our hospital with effort-induced angina, bradycardia, and left ventricular hypertrophy on electrocardiogram. On coronary angiography, we found significant myocardial bridging with total occlusion in the left anterior descending artery during systole. In patients with myocardial bridging, symptoms often manifest during exercise and with tachycardia. But it is interesting to note that our patient was bradycardic and became symptomatic with minimal effort. Thus, we thought that these emphasized its significance and affected treatment strategy.