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Background: The prediction of response to immunotherapy mostly depends on the programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) immunohistochemistry (IHC) status, and the 22C3 pharmDx assay has been approved in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC). However, the widespread use of the 22C3 pharmDx assay is limited due to its availability. Thus, alternative PD-L1 assays are needed. We aimed to investigate the analytical and clinical diagnostic performances of four PD-L1 assays and to compare their concordances with the 22C3 pharmDx assay. Methods: The PD-L1 22C3 pharmDx assay was performed on the Dako Autostainer Link 48 platform, three testing assays (PD-L1 E1L3N XP antibody [Ab], PD-L1 BP6099 Ab and PD-L1 CST E1L3N Ab) on the Leica BOND-MAX/III platform, and one testing assay (PD-L1 MXR006 Ab) on the Roche VENTANA Benchmark Ultra platform. A total of 218 ESCC cases from four centers were included in this retrospective study. Professionals from each center stained and read the IHC slides independently and determined the combined positive score (CPS) and the tumor proportion score (TPS). Results: Regarding analytical performance, the four testing assays demonstrated good correlations with the 22C3 pharmDx assay when evaluated by the TPS or CPS (ρ > 0.8 for all four assays). Regarding diagnostic performance (CPS ≥ 10 was used as the cutoff), the four testing assays showed moderate concordances with the 22C3 pharmDx assay (kappa > 0.7 for all four assays). The overall percent agreements between each testing assay and the 22C3 pharmDx assay was at least 87.2 %. Conclusion: This study provides insight into the potential interchangeability of the four PD-L1 assays with the 22C3 pharmDx assay.

Egg quality traits are economically important in the poultry industry. To explore the genetic architecture and identify potential candidate genes, a genome-wide association study (GWAS) was performed for 13 egg quality traits using data from whole-genome sequencing of 299 Longyan Shan-ma female ducks, including 12 quantitative traits and one qualitative trait, eggshell color (ESC; white, light green, green). From estimation of pedigree genetic parameters, heritability (h2) ranged from 0.022 to 0.996 for the 12 quantitative traits, with the highest h2 (0.996) for eggshell color a* value (ESCA) and the lowest h2 (0.022) for egg yolk percentage relative to EW. A total of 8,874 single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP)-based significant associations (1.0 × 10−6) and 247 insertion-deletion (indel)-based significant associations (1.00 × 10−5) were identified, including 5,980 SNPs and 159 indel markers. From 5,924 SNPs and 143 indels associated with ESC traits, 181 potential candidate genes were identified, and most significant SNPs and indels (P < 1.0 × 10−20) were located at 1.86 Mb (44.29−46.15 Mb) on chromosome 4. The top SNP (chr4:45325309:C>A; P = 7.97 × 10−43) and the top indel (chr4:45299595:delTTCCACTCCAC; P = 4.20 × 10−36) for the ESC a* value were within two known ESC candidate genes; ATP-binding cassette subfamily G member 2 (ABCG2) and protein kinase cGMP-dependent 2 (PRKG2). Of 56 SNPs and 16 indels associated with other egg quality traits, 46 potential candidate genes were identified including synapse differentiation-inducing 1-like (SYNDIG1L) for EW, and core histone macro-H2A.1 (LOC101795967) and neurogenin 1 (NEUROG1) for egg shape index; and four genes including collagen type VI alpha 3 chain (COL6A3), lysine demethylase 7A (KDM7A), LOC101802169, and sperm-associated antigen 16 (SPAG16) for egg yolk weight and the percentage of yolk to total egg weight. Of the 46 genes, the molecular functions of 22 are related to protein binding, indicating important roles in the formation of egg quality traits. Our findings provide new insight into the genetic basis of egg quality traits in ducks.

Summary: The 2022 mpox outbreak led the World Health Organization (WHO) to declare it a public health emergency of international concern (PHEIC). There is a need to develop more effective and safer mpox virus (MPXV)-specific vaccines in response to the mpox epidemic. The mRNA vaccine is a promising platform to protect against MPXV infection. In this study, we construct two bivalent MPXV mRNA vaccines, designated LBA (B6R-A29L) and LAM (A35R-M1R), and a quadrivalent mRNA vaccine, LBAAM (B6R-A35R-A29L-M1R). The immunogenicity and protective efficacy of these vaccines alone or in combination were evaluated in a lethal mouse model. All mRNA vaccine candidates could elicit potential antigen-specific humoral and cellular immune responses and provide protection against vaccinia virus (VACV) infection. The protective effect of the combination of two bivalent mRNA vaccines and the quadrivalent vaccine was superior to that of the individual bivalent mRNA vaccine. Our study provides valuable insights for the development of more efficient and safer mRNA vaccines against mpox.

Glucose transporter 1 (GLUT1) overexpression in tumor cells is a potential target for drug therapy, but few studies have reported screening GLUT1 inhibitors from natural or synthetic compounds. With current analysis techniques, it is difficult to accurately monitor the GLUT1 inhibitory effect of drug molecules in real-time. We developed a cell membrane-based glucose sensor (CMGS) that integrated a hydrogel electrode with tumor cell membranes to monitor GLUT1 transmembrane transport and screen for GLUT1 inhibitors in traditional Chinese medicines (TCMs). CMGS is compatible with cell membranes of various origins, including different types of tumors and cell lines with GLUT1 expression knocked down by small interfering RNA or small molecules. Based on CMGS continuous monitoring technique, we investigated the glucose transport kinetics of cell membranes with varying levels of GLUT1 expression. We used CMGS to determine the GLUT1-inhibitory effects of drug monomers with similar structures from Scutellaria baicalensis and catechins families. Results were consistent with those of the cellular glucose uptake test and molecular-docking simulation. CMGS could accurately screen drug molecules in TCMs that inhibit GLUT1, providing a new strategy for studying transmembrane protein-receptor interactions.

Considering the mass reservoirs construction, it is important to study the cascade reservoir construction sequence, which directly affects the water and sediment resource allocation, ecological environment restoration, and socioeconomic development of the basin. Thus, we constructed an evaluation index system by comprehensively considering the basin water and sediment discharge index, basin ecological and environmental maintenance index, and basin social and economic development index. The evaluation model was established to assess the impact of the cascade reservoir construction sequence on basin multifunctional synergy development index. The model was applied to evaluate the cascade reservoir construction sequence in the Yangtze and Yellow River Basin of China. The results revealed that: (1) The basin water and sediment discharge index, basin social and economic development index, and basin multifunctional synergy development index benefits gradually increased, the basin ecological and environmental maintenance index benefits progressively decreased in the Yangtze and Yellow River Basin. (2) The basin water and sediment discharge index, and basin ecological and environmental maintenance index of the planned cascade reservoir construction sequence ranked top in the Yellow River Basin; the basin water and sediment discharge index, and basin social and economic development index of the planned cascade reservoir construction sequence ranked top in the Yangtze River Basin. (3) The cascade reservoir construction sequence focused more on basin social and economic development index benefits when the level of national economic development was low, and more on basin water and sediment discharge index benefits when it was high. (4) Reservoir capacity and installed capacity were the main factors influencing the cascade reservoir construction sequence in the Yangtze and Yellow River Basin, respectively. These findings provide useful information regarding the cascade reservoir construction sequence.

Background: Immunosenescence, an age-related deficit in immunity, associated with multiple disorders and making the successful aging a challenge. Although nearly 4000 articles have been published, only few review articles have summarized the research status. In order to better understand the most recent advances, hotspots and development trends in immunosenescence, it is very necessary to conduct a comprehensive bibliometric analysis. Hence, commonly used bibliometric analysis software CiteSpace and VOSviewer were employed to conduct a quantitative analysis and critical evaluation of publications in this study. Methods: Immunosenescence publications were screened from the Web of Science Core Collection (WoSCC). Microsoft Excel 2021, CiteSpace 5.8.R3, and VOSviewer 1.6.17 were used for bibliometric study. Results: A total of 3875 publications were retrieved from WoSCC. After screening by document type (article or review) (352 publications were excluded) and language of English (85 were excluded), 3438 studies were finally used for bibliometric analysis. The literature on immunosenescence had been continuously growing since 1991, and by 2020 it has skyrocketed 312 publications from 240 in 2019. USA (1111 publications, 35.01%) was the leading country of publications, followed by ITALY (379, 11.94%) and ENGLAND (366, 11.53%). Of the authors, Pawelec G from the Tubingen University of GERMANY contributed the greatest articles (93 publications). All the keywords could be divided into five clusters, and additional potent visualization bursts revealed that “gut microbiota,” “health,” “dysfunction,” and “nivolumab” were the active hotspots presently. Conclusion: Based on the current data, we firstly concluded that there will be a dramatically rising publications on immunosenescence, and research teams from USA or GERMANY might be the best chooses for collaboration. Moreover, We particularly emphasized the development potential of mechanism and intervening strateges like “gut microbiota” and “nivolumab” in immunosenescence. We hope to provide new ideas for promoting the basic research and clinical application of immunosenescence.

Background: Using epigenetic markers and fragmentomics of cell-free DNA for cancer detection has been proven applicable. Methods: We further investigated the diagnostic potential of combining two features (epigenetic markers and fragmentomic information) of cell-free DNA for detecting various types of cancers. To do this, we extracted cfDNA fragmentomic features from 191 whole-genome sequencing data and studied them in 396 low-pass 5hmC sequencing data, which included four common cancer types and control samples. Results: In our analysis of 5hmC sequencing data from cancer samples, we observed aberrant ultra-long fragments (220–500 bp) that differed from normal samples in terms of both size and coverage profile. These fragments played a significant role in predicting cancer. Leveraging the ability to detect cfDNA hydroxymethylation and fragmentomic markers simultaneously in low-pass 5hmC sequencing data, we developed an integrated model that incorporated 63 features representing both fragmentomic features and hydroxymethylation signatures. This model achieved high sensitivity and specificity for pan-cancer detection (88.52% and 82.35%, respectively). Conclusion: We showed that fragmentomic information in 5hmC sequencing data is an ideal marker for cancer detection and that it shows high performance in low-pass sequencing data.

The investigation of the low-cost deoxygenation of guaiacol (GUA, a model bio-oil compound) is of importance for upgrading bio-oil. At present, common sulfide catalysts for GUA deoxygenation reactions cause contamination of the liquid product, and noble metal catalysts are economically disadvantageous. In this study, four reduced Fe-based oxides with different Ce doping ratios were prepared and their effects on the in-situ deoxygenation performance of GUA in aqueous/methanol hydrogen donor solvents were explored. The results based on the deoxygenation degree, conversion degree, and higher heating value (HHV) of the products showed that the oxide catalyst with a Fe/Ce molar ratio of 2:1 in the methanol solvent performed very well. After selecting an excellent catalyst and a better hydrogen donor solvent, four factors (reaction temperature, reaction time, volume ratio of GUA dosage and methanol dosage, and the ratio of catalyst dosage at the bottom of the reactor to that at the top) in the deoxygenation degree of GUA were investigated using an orthogonal experimental method to further explore the performance of the catalyst. The results showed that the reaction temperature and time greatly influenced GUA deoxygenation. Under optimal experimental conditions, the deoxygenation degree and conversion degree of GUA could reach 34.36% and 92.56%, respectively, based on the relative peak area of gas chromatography–mass spectrometry, and the HHV of the liquid product was 32.27 MJ/kg. Although Fe/Ce catalysts mainly promote demethoxylation, demethylation, and methylation, the stability and quality of the liquid products were improved compared with GUA owing to the reduction in phenolic hydroxyl and ether content. The reduced catalyst in the process of GUA in-situ deoxygenation reactions in methanol maintained a steady performance, as revealed by X-ray diffraction and X-ray fluorescence.

Background: Despite substantial resources deployed to curb SARS-CoV-2 transmission, controlling the COVID-19 pandemic has been a major challenge. New variants of the virus are frequently emerging leading to new waves of infection and re-introduction of control measures. In this study, we assessed the effectiveness of containment strategies implemented in the early phase of the pandemic. Methods: Real-world data for COVID-19 cases was retrieved for the period Jan 1 to May 1, 2020 from a number of different sources, including PubMed, MEDLINE, Facebook, Epidemic Forecasting and Google Mobility Reports. We analyzed data for 18 countries/regions that deployed containment strategies such as travel restrictions, lockdowns, stay-at-home requests, school/public events closure, social distancing, and exposure history information management (digital contact tracing, DCT). Primary outcome measure was the change in the number of new cases over 30 days before and after deployment of a control measure. We also compared the effectiveness of centralized versus decentralized DCT. Time series data for COVID-19 were analyzed using Mann-Kendall (M-K) trend tests to investigate the impact of these measures on changes in the number of new cases. The rate of change in the number of new cases was compared using M-K z-values and Sen’s slope. Results: In spite of the widespread implementation of conventional strategies such as lockdowns, travel restrictions, social distancing, school closures, and stay-at-home requests, analysis revealed that these measures could not prevent the spread of the virus. However, countries which adopted DCT with centralized data storage were more likely to contain the spread. Conclusions: Centralized DCT was more effective in containing the spread of COVID-19. Early implementation of centralized DCT should be considered in future outbreaks. However, challenges such as public acceptance, data security and privacy concerns will need to be addressed.

Multi-modal therapeutics are emerging for simultaneous diagnosis and treatment of cancer. Polymeric carriers are often employed for loading multiple drugs due to their versatility and controlled release of these drugs in response to a tumor specific microenvironment. A theranostic nanomedicine was designed and prepared by complexing a small gadolinium chelate, conjugating a chemotherapeutic drug PTX through a cathepsin B-responsive linker and covalently bonding a fluorescent probe pheophorbide a (Ppa) with a branched glycopolymer. The branched prodrug-based nanosystem was degradable in the tumor microenvironment with overexpressed cathepsin B, and PTX was simultaneously released to exert its therapeutic effect. The theranostic nanomedicine, branched glycopolymer-PTX-DOTA-Gd, had an extended circulation time, enhanced accumulation in tumors, and excellent biocompatibility with significantly reduced gadolinium ion (Gd3+) retention after 96 h post-injection. Enhanced imaging contrast up to 24 h post-injection and excellent antitumor efficacy with a tumor inhibition rate more than 90% were achieved from glycopolymer-PTX-DOTA-Gd without obvious systematic toxicity. This branched polymeric prodrug-based nanomedicine is very promising for safe and effective diagnosis and treatment of cancer.

Summary: Soybean, one of the most valuable oilseed crops, is under constant pressure from pathogens. bZIP transcription factors (TFs) composing one of the largest TF families in plants have diverse functions. Biochemical and physiological analyses were performed to characterize the regulatory roles of soybean bZIP TF GmbZIP15 in response to pathogens. We found that transgenic soybean plants overexpressing GmbZIP15 has increased resistance against Sclerotinia sclerotiorum and Phytophthora sojae. Besides, GmbZIP15 regulates pathogen response by modulating the antioxidant defense system and phytohormone signaling. In addition, we performed chromatin immunoprecipitation sequencing to identify the downstream genes of GmbZIP15 in response to S. sclerotiorum and found that GmbZIP15 can activate or repress the expression of defense-related genes through direct promoter binding. Taken together, these results indicate that GmbZIP15 plays a positive role in pathogen resistance in soybean, and this activity may be dependent on phytohormone signaling.

Objective: Nurse shortage is a critical problem for global healthcare services. It impacts the quality of clinical care. Work engagement is the core competence of hospitals, which indicates employee's positive attitude toward organization and work. This study aimed to explore the relationships among calling, organizational commitment, and work engagement. Methods: A cross-sectional study was designed, and 320 nurses from tertiary hospitals in China completed the questionnaires that included demographic information, calling scale, employee engagement scale, and organizational commitment scale. Pearson correlation was performed to test the correlations among calling, organizational commitment, and work engagement. Stepwise regression analyses were performed to explore the mediating role of organizational commitment. The bootstrap method was employed to confirm the mediating effect. Results: Nurses’ work engagement score was at the medium degree, whereas calling and organizational commitment were in the medium to high level. The results revealed that calling, organizational commitment, work engagement, and each dimension were positively correlated with one another (r = 0.145–0.922, P

Objectives: To present the prenatal findings and the molecular cytogenetic analyses of a de novo interstitial deletion of 1q23.3 encompassing PBX1 gene. Case report: A 32-year-old woman (gravida 1, para 0) underwent amniocentesis at 26 weeks' gestation because of constant small fetal kidneys on prenatal ultrasound. Chromosome microarray analysis (CMA) detected a de novo deletion of 1.871 Mb at 1q23.3. The deletion encompassed 2 genes of PBX1 and LMX1A. PBX1 haploinsufficiency had been reported to lead syndromic congenital anomalies of kidney and urinary tract (CAKUT) in humans. Furthermore, at 31 weeks’ gestation, borderline oligohydramnios and restricted fetal dimensions were revealed. Ultimately, the pregnancy was terminated at 32 weeks with a 1500-g female fetus presenting polydactyl of left hand. Conclusions: The shared phenotypes between this case and the previously published prenatal cases demonstrate that loss of function mutation in PBX1 should be suspicious in fetus with bilateral renal hypoplasia, oligohydramnios and intrauterine growth retardation (IUGR). Keywords: PBX1, Renal hypoplasia, Prenatal diagnosis, Chromosome microarray analysis

Objective: To evaluate the diagnostic value of fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) in bladder cancer. Methods: We enrolled healthy volunteers and patients who were clinically suspected to have bladder cancer and conducted FISH tests and cytology examinations from August 2007 to December 2008. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis was performed and the area under curve (AUC) values were calculated for both the FISH and urine cytology tests. Results: A cohort of 988 healthy volunteers was enrolled to establish a reference range for the normal population. A total of 4807 patients with hematuria were prospectively, randomly enrolled for the simultaneous analysis of urine cytology, FISH testing, and a final diagnosis as determined by the pathologic findings of a biopsy or a surgically-excised specimen. Overall, the sensitivity of FISH in detecting transitional-cell carcinoma was 82.7%, while that of cytology was 33.4% (p

Objectives: The purpose of the study is to explore the relationships amongst innovative behaviour, self-efficacy, colleague solidarity of nurses and career success of nurses in Mainland China. Method: This study used the cross-sectional investigation method and nurses were recruited from eight tertiary hospitals and four secondary hospitals in Tianjin, China. A convenience sample of 848 nurses was included in this survey. Structural equation model analysis was performed as well. Results: Results revealed that the nurses' career success score was at the medium degree, whilst innovative behaviour and self-efficacy were in the medium–high level and had high level of colleague solidarity. The four variables include innovative behaviour, self-efficacy, colleague solidarity of nurses and career success; each dimension showed positive correlation (r = 0.145 to 0.923, P 0.05). Multiple linear regression analysis showed that innovative behaviour, self-efficacy and academic solidarity entered the career success regression equation (β = 0.091 to 0.560, P

Hemoglobinopathies are among the most common autosomal-recessive disorders worldwide. A comprehensive next-generation sequencing (NGS) test would greatly facilitate screening and diagnosis of these disorders. An NGS panel targeting the coding regions of hemoglobin genes and four modifier genes was designed. We validated the assay by using 2522 subjects affected with hemoglobinopathies and applied it to carrier testing in a cohort of 10,111 couples who were also screened through traditional methods. In the clinical genotyping analysis of 1182 β-thalassemia subjects, we identified a group of additional variants that can be used for accurate diagnosis. In the molecular screening analysis of the 10,111 couples, we detected 4180 individuals in total who carried 4840 mutant alleles, and identified 186 couples at risk of having affected offspring. 12.1% of the pathogenic or likely pathogenic variants identified by our NGS assay, which were undetectable by traditional methods. Compared with the traditional methods, our assay identified an additional at-risk 35 couples. We describe a comprehensive NGS-based test that offers advantages over the traditional screening/molecular testing methods. To our knowledge, this is among the first large-scale population study to systematically evaluate the application of an NGS technique in carrier screening and molecular diagnosis of hemoglobinopathies.

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has now become a pandemic threat to the whole world. At the same time, influenza virus has been active, with influenza virus and SARS-CoV-2 sharing the same transmission routes. This article aims to alert clinicians of the presence of co-infection with these two viruses and to describe the effect of the measures taken to fight COVID-19 on influenza prevention and control.

Purpose: To test the validity and reliability of a modified Career Growth Scale (CGS) to assess nurse career growth. Method: A cross-sectional design was used to analyze the use of the CGS to survey 600 full-time registered nurses from Grade A hospitals in Tianjin. Results: A modified scale we called Career Growth of Nurse Scale (CGNS) is acceptable, valid, and reliable for the evaluation of nurse career growth in Chinese hospitals. This scale measured three main factors (career goal, career capacity, and career opportunity) and showed that nurse career growth differed across age, work seniority, and professional title. Conclusions: A three-dimensional scale of nurse career growth was presented. The results revealed CGNS has good validity and reliability.

Background: The incidence of traumatic arteriovenous fistula (TAVF) between the middle meningeal artery (MMA) and the petrosal vein (PV) is rare. Although TAVF has been reported involving the MMA several sinus and veins, this is the first incidence of a fistula involving the extracranial MMA and PV., Case Description: We present a 47-year-old male with sudden onset of weakness of his right limb and speech difficulty a few hours before admission to our facility. He had a 6-month history of mild traumatic head injury. Initial computed tomography revealed midbrain hemorrhage while digital subtraction angiography revealed a TAVF of the left MMA. Enhanced magnetic resonance imaging, however, revealed communication between the MMA and PV. We treated the patient with coil embolization via the transarterial route., Conclusions: This is the first incidence of a fistula connecting the extracranial MMA and PV. We managed the patient with only coil embolization without any further neurologic deficits., (Copyright © 2019 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)

Background: Tumor location, which serves as a prognostic factor for high-grade gliomas, may reflect the molecular and genetic phenotype of tumor initiate cells and thus predict tumor origin. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to combine radiographic atlases and tumor biomarkers through a voxel-based neuroimaging approach., Methods: Preoperative MRIs were collected from 65 newly diagnosed patients with histologically confirmed high-grades gliomas. These samples were analyzed for TP53 mutations and MMP-9.PTEN, MGMT, EGFR and IDH1 statuses using a statistical voxel-based lesion-symptom mapping (VLSM) method, which correlates the anatomical location of HGGs with their molecular profile., Results: VLSM analysis identified P53, Wild-type IDH and EGFR overexpression mutations in the white matter of the periventricular region in the left hemisphere, which can be predicted by a short overall survival from the time of diagnosis. The lack of MGMT promoter methylation deep in the right frontal lobe region indicates a poor prognosis., Conclusions: Our study demonstrates that different molecular phenotypes are related to specific brain regions. In addition, the structural MRI and genetic profile-based analysis of brain regions associated with survival-associated factors could be used in planning glioma operations and clinical survival predictions., (Copyright © 2016 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)

Purpose: Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is the most lethal type of primary brain tumor, and patients that undergo the maximum tumor resection that is safely possible and standard radiochemotherapy only achieve a median survival time of 14.6 months. Several clinical studies have reported that valproic acid could prolong survival of GBM patients. However, the results of these studies are inconsistent. We examined relevant studies and conducted a meta-analysis to assess the effects of VPA on survival times and recurrence., Methods: A bibliographic search was performed in the EMBASE, MEDLINE, ClinicalTrials.gov and Cochrane Central Register of the Controlled Trials databases to identify potentially relevant articles or conference abstracts that investigated the effects of VPA on the outcome of glioma patients. Five observational studies were included., Results: Pooled estimates of the hazard ratio (HR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were calculated. Our meta-analysis confirmed the benefit of using VPA (HR, 0.56; 95% CI, 0.44-0.71). Sub-group analysis shows that patients treated with VPA had a hazard ratio of 0.74 with a 95% confidence interval of 0.59-0.94 vs. patients treated by other-AEDs and a hazard ratio of 0.66 with a 95% confidence interval of 0.52-0.84 vs. patients treated by administration of non-AEDs. No heterogeneity was observed in the subset analysis., Conclusion: The results of our study suggest that glioblastoma patients may experience prolonged survival due to VPA administration. Sub-analysis confirmed the benefit of VPA use compared to a non-AEDs group and an other-AEDs group. Further RCTs of this subject should be performed., (Copyright © 2014 British Epilepsy Association. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)

Purpose: The prognoses of seizure treatment with P450 enzyme-inducing and non-enzyme-inducing antiepileptic drugs after glioma resection surgery were investigated across several clinical studies. However, the results of these studies are inconsistent. We examined the relevant studies and conducted a meta-analysis of these two types of anti-epileptic drugs., Methods: A bibliography search using the EMBASE, MEDLINE, ClinicalTrials.gov, and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials databases was performed to identify potentially relevant articles and conference abstracts that investigated the effects of non-enzyme-inducing antiepileptic drugs (NEIAEDs) and enzyme-inducing antiepileptic drugs (EIAEDs) on the seizure prognoses of glioma patients., Results: One RCT study and five observational studies were included. Pooled estimates of the relative risks (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were calculated. The pooled odds ratio for NEIAEDs vs. EIAEDs for patients with glioma was 1.12 (95% CI=0.70-2.10). The pooled odds ratio for NEIAEDs vs. EIAEDs for low-grade gliomas was 1.77 (95% CI=0.71-4.40). The pooled odds ratio for LEV vs. PHY was 1.459 (95% CI=0.731-2.910)., Conclusions: No significant difference between the efficacies of P450 enzyme-inducing and non-enzyme-inducing antiepileptic drugs for prophylactic late seizure treatment was observed. However, few RCTs were available, and the acquisition of further evidence through high-quality RCTs is highly recommended., (Copyright © 2014 British Epilepsy Association. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)

Purpose: Seizures are the most common initial symptom in patients with low-grade gliomas, and approximately 30% of these patients still suffer from epilepsy after gross-total resection of the tumour. We examined the relationship between the overexpression of ki-67 in WHO grade II gliomas and seizure control., Methods: A series of 93 histologically confirmed WHO grade II glioma tissues were analysed through immunohistochemical staining for ki-67 expression. Follow-up visits regarding seizure control were scheduled at 12 months. The Engel classification was used to categorise patients' seizure status., Results: Of the 93 patients analysed, 65 (66.3%) patients initially presented with seizures. A total of 36 patients were diagnosed with WHO grade II oligodendrogliomas, 29 patients had oligoastrocytomas and 28 patients had astrocytomas. Ki-67 was over-expressed in 15 patients. One year after surgery poor seizure control was observed in 11 of these patients. In contrast, low ki-67 expression (<10%) was found in 78 patients. Poor seizure control was observed in 36 patients (difference between ki-67 over- and low expression groups P = 0.002). Logistic regression analysis revealed that patients with gross-total resection achieved better seizure control while ki-67 overexpression and age below 38 years were poor seizure control factors explained of the variance of seizure outcome (OR: 0.382, 4.354 and 1.822, respectively)., Conclusions: In WHO grade II gliomas, Ki-67 is a molecular marker which predicts poor seizure control of glioma patients after the resection of the tumour. Gross-total resection, ki-67 overexpression and age below 38 years significantly affect seizure prognosis., (Copyright © 2013 British Epilepsy Association. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)