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Resumen: En dermatología pediátrica, la correcta elección de la dosis de principio activo, así como del excipiente, se vuelve fundamental para conseguir los resultados terapéuticos deseados, por lo que se deben tener en cuenta aspectos tan variados como las características de la lesión, las del paciente y las del medicamento seleccionado. En la población pediátrica se plantean dificultades añadidas, tales como la limitada variedad de especialidades comerciales que se ajusten a sus particularidades. Por ello, la formulación magistral o formulación de medicamentos individualizados supone una buena alternativa terapéutica que permite emplear principios activos en los rangos terapéuticos aceptados, vehiculizados en las formas farmacéuticas idóneas, asociar varios en un mismo medicamento e incluso adaptar el vehículo al estado de la lesión, así como a las necesidades intrínsecas del paciente. Las formulaciones recogidas en este artículo, se basan en una amplia experiencia clínica y permiten a los médicos prescriptores adaptar el tratamiento de forma personalizada. Abstract: The administration of appropriate doses of active ingredients and excipients is crucial for achieving desired treatment outcomes in pediatric dermatology. A number of factors need to be considered, including the characteristics of the lesion, the patient, and the drug. An additional challenge in pediatric settings is the limited number of commercially available formulations suitable for use in children. Drug compounding, which is the preparation of medications tailored to the needs of individual patients, is a good alternative for pediatric populations for a number of reasons. Using a customized compound, the clinician can prescribe formulations that contain the optimal dose of the active ingredients within acceptable limits and the most suitable vehicle and formulation components. Compounding can also be used to combine several active ingredients in a single medication and even adapt the vehicle to the characteristics of the lesion and the needs of the patient. The pharmaceutical formulations described in this review are based on extensive clinical experience and can be customized to meet individual needs.

Background: Daylight photodynamic therapy (dlPDT) is a painless and increasingly cost-effective treatment for actinic keratosis (AK). New protocols avoid incubation, minimizing pain and adverse events. However, it is time-consuming and dependent on specific weather conditions. In patients with AK of the scalp, we evaluated the efficacy of indoor photodynamic therapy (PDT) using a wearable low-level light therapy (LLLT) device, without pre-incubation with a photosensitizing agent., Methods: In this pilot study, 27 patients with thin and moderately thick AK (Olsen Grades I-II) underwent a single 15-minute session of LLLT using a wearable cap-like device immediately after application of methyl-aminolevulinate (MAL) cream, with no prior preparation of the affected area. Treatment efficacy was quantified by measuring the reduction in AK lesion number and the AK quality of life (AKQoL) score. All AK lesions were mapped at baseline for follow-up 2 months later. Paired pre/post scalp biopsies from 5 patients were analysed using histological and immunohistochemical techniques (p53, p27, cyclin D1, p63, and Ki67 expression). Data were analysed using the Wilcoxon signed-rank test., Results: In all patients we observed a global reduction in the number of AK lesions (71%; p < 0.0001) and AKQoL score (from 5.6 to 4.4; p = 0.034) 2 months after treatment. Histology and immunohistochemistry of skin biopsies from 5 patients also revealed marked improvements after LLLT. No patients reported any pain during treatment., Conclusion: PDT using LLLT is a rapid, painless, and efficacious modality for the treatment of AK., (Copyright © 2018 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)

UV radiation is the main etiological agent of most types of skin cancer and a key factor responsible for photoaging. Photoprotection is thus critical to avoid these undesired effects. Sunscreens rank among the best photoprotective measures. Sunscreens are the main components of lotions and creams used to prevent UV-induced damage or to ameliorate its harmful effects. There are 3 types of sunscreens: physical photon blockers, antioxidants, and stimulators of repairing mechanisms. This review summarizes current topics in the development of sunscreens, with special emphasis on substances of natural origin bearing photoscreening, antioxidant, or repairing properties. The characterization of different parameters to evaluate the effects of sunscreens, such as the sunscreen protection factor, is discussed. Finally, the effect of public awareness and public health campaigns are also reviewed.