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2. List of Contributors

Author

Abboud, Olivier, primary, Abdullah, Victor James, additional, Ahmad, Zahoor, additional, Al-Qurayshi, Zaid, additional, Athwal, Harleen K., additional, Bacon, Alfred E., additional, Balzer, Bonnie Lei, additional, Bell, Diana, additional, Bradley, Patrick James, additional, Brito-Zerón, Pilar, additional, Cernea, Claudio R., additional, Chan, Jason YK, additional, Chaplin, John M., additional, Cheong, Crystal Shuk Jin, additional, Chien, Chih-Yen, additional, Chossegros, Cyrille, additional, Chuang, Hui-Ching, additional, Clarke, Raymond William, additional, Cognetti, David M., additional, Dam, Hung, additional, Deschler, Daniel, additional, Dias, Fernando L., additional, Do, Kevin Oshiro, additional, Dulguerov, Pavel, additional, Eisele, David W., additional, Fagan, Johannes J., additional, Farach-Carson, Mary C., additional, Farina, Davide, additional, Faure, Frederic, additional, Ferrarotto, Renata, additional, Flores-Chavez, Alejandra, additional, Foletti, Jean Marc, additional, Freiser, Monika E., additional, Gandhi, Arpit, additional, Gasalberti, David, additional, Geisthoff, Urban, additional, Gillespie, M. Boyd, additional, Graillon, Nicolas, additional, Hammon, Rebecca J., additional, Hao, Chung-Yu, additional, Hao, Sheng-Po, additional, Harrington, Daniel A., additional, Harrison, John D., additional, Hoffman, Henry T., additional, Iaia, Alberto, additional, Ihrler, Stephan, additional, Iro, Heinrich, additional, Irvine, Robert A., additional, Kahane, Jacob, additional, Zanoni, Daniella Karassawa, additional, Kim, Kwang Hyun, additional, Klein, Hila, additional, Koch, Michael, additional, Lai, Nelson Kwong Lun, additional, Lancini, Davide, additional, Larian, Babak, additional, Lau, Thomas Kwan Hang, additional, Laughlin, Brady, additional, Le Roux, Marc-Kevin, additional, Lee, Doh Young, additional, Lee Kun Min, Mimi, additional, Li, Hok Nam, additional, Lima, Roberto A., additional, Loh, Thomas K.S., additional, Loh, Woei-Shyang, additional, Lombaert, Isabelle M.A., additional, Lombardi, Davide, additional, Lopez, Jean-Michel, additional, Mantsopoulos, Konstantinos, additional, Marchal, Francis, additional, McGurk, Mark, additional, Meyeroff, Joshua H., additional, Morton, Randall P., additional, Myers, Eugene Nicholas, additional, Nahlieli, Oded, additional, Ng, Siu-Kwan, additional, Nicolai, Piero, additional, O'Malley, Bert W., additional, Palhazi, Peter, additional, Park, SuJung, additional, Pasche, Philippe, additional, Patel, Snehal G., additional, Peterson, Joseph D., additional, Polselli, Roberto, additional, Pouzoulet, Pauline, additional, Pradhan-Bhatt, Swati, additional, Raben, Adam, additional, Ramos-Casals, Manuel, additional, Rassekh, Christopher H., additional, Reeve, Nathaniel, additional, Retamozo, Soledad, additional, Santos, Jorge Rosa, additional, Saban, Yves, additional, Sagiv, Doron, additional, Samant, Sumit, additional, Schaitkin, Barry M., additional, Sözen, Tevfik, additional, Srinivasan, Padma Pradeepa, additional, Strenger, Tobias, additional, Su, Shirley Y., additional, Tae, Kyung, additional, Talmi, Yoav P., additional, Tomasoni, Michele, additional, Poorten, Vincent Vander, additional, Walvekar, Rohan R., additional, Wang, Jennifer R., additional, Wang, Robert C., additional, Weber, Randal S., additional, Weinstein, Gregory S., additional, Wong, Eddy WY, additional, Wong, Priscilla Ching-han, additional, Zbären, Peter, additional, Zenga, Joseph, additional, and Zenk, Johannes, additional

Published
2021
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3. Surgery for Benign Salivary Gland Tumors

Author

Karassawa Zanoni, Daniella, primary, Patel, Snehal G., additional, Kahane, Jacob, additional, Wang, Robert C., additional, Deschler, Daniel, additional, Zenga, Joseph, additional, Dias, Fernando L., additional, Cernea, Claudio R., additional, and Lima, Roberto A., additional

Published
2021
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5. List of Contributors

Author

Ahmed, Iqbal ike K., primary, Ahmed, Irma, additional, Ai, Everett, additional, Al-Ghoul, Ahmed, additional, Allen, David, additional, Alvi, Nishat P., additional, Anand, Rajiv, additional, Ang, Leonard P.-K., additional, Apple, David J., additional, Archer, Desmond B., additional, Arnold, Anthony C., additional, Arshinoff, Steve A., additional, Assil, Kerry K., additional, Atebara, Neal H., additional, Atluri, Harvinder K.S., additional, Augsburger, James J., additional, Aylward, G. William, additional, Azar, Dimitri T., additional, Baker, Brad J., additional, Balcer, Laura Joan, additional, Barnett, C.J., additional, Baumal, Caroline R., additional, Bearelly, Srilaxmi, additional, Benson, William E., additional, Berger, Steven Thomas, additional, Biswas, Jyotirmav, additional, Bolling, James P., additional, Bornfeld, Norbert, additional, Bose, Swaraj, additional, Bouchard, Charles S., additional, Boulton, Michael E., additional, Brandt, James D., additional, Brodsky, Michael C., additional, Brown, Kimberly Ellen, additional, Brown, Gary C., additional, Brown, Melissa M., additional, Budenz, Donald L., additional, Bui, Alex, additional, Burns, Stephen K., additional, Campolattaro, Brian N., additional, Cantor, Louis B., additional, Jr, Antonio Capone, additional, Carter, Keith D., additional, Chan, Chi-Chao, additional, Chang, Stanley, additional, Chao, Jennifer R., additional, Charonis, George C., additional, Chew, Paul T.K., additional, Ciardella, Antonio P., additional, Civan, Mortimer M., additional, Clark, Abbott F., additional, Clarke, Jonathan, additional, Contreras, Janice E., additional, Collin, J. Richard O., additional, Codère, François, additional, Corrêa, Zélia M., additional, Cowan, Claude L., additional, Craven, E. Randy, additional, Cruess, Alan F., additional, Custer, Phillip L., additional, Dahan, Elie, additional, Dai, Eric, additional, Damato, Bertil E., additional, Damji, Karim F., additional, Davidson, Richard S., additional, Davis, Elizabeth A., additional, Dhaliwal, Deepinder K., additional, Diamond, Gary R., additional, Do, Diana V., additional, Donahue, Sean P., additional, Dortzbach, Richard K., additional, Drenser, Kimberly A., additional, Duker, Jay S., additional, Dutton, Jonathan J., additional, Edgington, Bryan, additional, Eggers, Howard M., additional, Ehlers, William, additional, Engelbert, Michael, additional, Espandar, Ladan, additional, Evans, Monica, additional, Farjo, Ayad A., additional, Farjo, Qais Anastas, additional, Faucett, Donald C., additional, Feiz, Vahid, additional, Fine, I. Howard, additional, Fisher, Yale L., additional, Fishman, Gerald A., additional, Forster, David J., additional, Fox, Gregory M., additional, Freedman, Jeffrey, additional, Friedman, David S., additional, Friedman, Neil J., additional, Friedman, Deborah I., additional, Fu, Arthur D., additional, Fynn-Thompson, Nicoletta, additional, Ganatra, Jyotsom, additional, Gayre, Gregg S., additional, Gery, Igal, additional, Ghanem, Ramon C., additional, Giblin, Michael, additional, Gigantelli, James W., additional, Goldberg, Anna, additional, Goldberg, Robert A., additional, Goldberg, William, additional, Goldberg, Ivan, additional, Goldstein, Debra A., additional, Goldstein, Michael H., additional, Gonder, John R., additional, Green, Jeffrey P., additional, Greven, Craig M., additional, Gross, Nicole E., additional, Gross, Ronald L., additional, Grover, Sandeep, additional, Guercio, Jason R., additional, Gupta, Vishali, additional, Gupta, Amod, additional, Gurkan, Sevgi, additional, Guthoff, Rudolf E., additional, Hallak, Joelle, additional, Haller, Julia A., additional, Hamilton, Richard S., additional, Harbour, J. William, additional, Hardten, David R., additional, Harris, Alon, additional, Hedges Jr, Thomas R., additional, Heier, Jeffrey S., additional, Henderson, Polly A., additional, Herndon, Leon W., additional, Hitchings, Roger A., additional, Ho, Allen C., additional, Hoffman, Richard S., additional, Holz, Huck A., additional, Howard, Gene R., additional, Howes, Frank W., additional, Hsu, Jason, additional, Hurwitz, Jeffrey J., additional, Inomata, Hajime, additional, Ip, Michael, additional, Isaacs, Robert T., additional, Izak, Andrea M., additional, Jampel, Henry, additional, Jampol, Lee M., additional, Jiyamapa, Julia, additional, Johnson, Chris A., additional, Johnson, T. Mark, additional, Johnson, Mark W., additional, Jones, Nicholas, additional, Kahook, Malik, additional, Kanner, Elliott M., additional, Kapusta, Michael A., additional, Kardon, Randy, additional, Karp, Carol L., additional, Kass, Michael, additional, Katz, L. Jay, additional, Kaufman, Paul L., additional, Khan, Baseer, additional, Khaw, Peng Tee, additional, Kim, Gene, additional, Kimura, Alan E., additional, Kitzmann, Anna, additional, Klancnik, James M., additional, Koch, Douglas D., additional, Kohnen, Thomas, additional, Kojima, Takashi, additional, Kornmehl, Ernest W., additional, Kramarevsky, Natalia, additional, Labbe, Thad, additional, Lane, Stephen S., additional, Lavin, Patrick J.M., additional, Lawton, Andrew, additional, Lee, Paul P., additional, Leen, Martha Motuz, additional, Levinson, Ralph, additional, Lim, Ridia, additional, Lingua, Robert W., additional, Lipham, William J., additional, Lopez, Pedro F., additional, Lundstrom, Mats, additional, Magnante, Peter, additional, Mandava, Naresh, additional, Marak, George E., additional, Marmor, Michael F., additional, Marten, Lisa, additional, Mathura, Jeevan R., additional, Martidis, Adam, additional, Mattox, Cynthia, additional, McDermott, Mark L., additional, McLeod, Stephen D., additional, Mejico, Luis J., additional, Meyers, Sanford M., additional, Mieler, William F., additional, Migdal, Clive S., additional, Miller, David, additional, Miller, Russell, additional, Mimura, Tatsuya, additional, Mittra, Robert A., additional, Moorthy, Ramana S., additional, Morley, Michael G., additional, Morse, Lawrence S., additional, Moshirfar, Majid, additional, Moster, Mark L., additional, Nehls Rikkers, Sarah M., additional, Neff, Ann G., additional, Newlin, Anna C., additional, Noble, Kenneth G., additional, Noecker, Robert J., additional, Okada, Annabelle A., additional, Olson, Jeffrey L., additional, Opalinski, Yvonne A.V., additional, Packer, Mark, additional, Pandey, Suresh K., additional, Patel, Vivek Ravindra, additional, Pavesio, Carlos E., additional, Pineles, Stacy, additional, Piva, Alfio, additional, Piltz-Seymour, Jody, additional, Pollack, John S., additional, Prall, F. Ryan, additional, Price, Marianne O., additional, Price, Francis W., additional, Primack, Jonathan D., additional, Pruett, Ronald C., additional, Puliafito, Carmen A., additional, Pulido, Jose S., additional, Quiros, Peter A., additional, Ramulu, Pradeep, additional, Ramos-Esteban, Jerome C., additional, Rao, P. Kumar, additional, Rao, Narsing A., additional, Read, Russell W., additional, Rechtman, Ehud, additional, Regillo, Carl D., additional, Reichel, Elias, additional, Rhee, Douglas J., additional, Rhee, Steven S., additional, Rheinstrom, Stephen D., additional, Riedel, Patrick J., additional, Rikkers, Sarah M., additional, Robinson, Fiona O., additional, Rodriguez-Coleman, Hannah, additional, Rogers, Adam, additional, Roe, Richard, additional, Roh, Shiyoung, additional, Rosen, Emanuel S., additional, Rosenblatt, Brett, additional, Rosenfeld, Philip J., additional, Rubenstein, Jonathan B., additional, Rubin, Steven E., additional, Rubin, Richard M., additional, Rubsamen, Patrick E., additional, Saadati, Hossein G., additional, Sadun, Alfredo A., additional, Salim, Sarwat, additional, Salinas, Humberto, additional, Samuelson, Thomas W., additional, Sanborn, George E., additional, Sarmiento, Jerome S., additional, Scheufele Cleary, Tina A., additional, Schor, Paulo, additional, Schubert, Hermann D., additional, Schuman, Joel, additional, Schwab, Ivan R., additional, Schwartz, Gary S., additional, Scott, Clifford A., additional, Sebag, Jerry, additional, See, Jovina L.S., additional, Selkin, Robert P., additional, Shields, Bruce, additional, Shingleton, Bradford, additional, Sierra, Patricia B., additional, Sieving, Paul A., additional, Sivalingam, Arunan, additional, Small, Kent W., additional, Smiddy, William E., additional, Soong, Kaz, additional, Soukiasian, Sarkis, additional, Spaide, Richard F., additional, Spoor, Thomas C., additional, Stasi, Kalliopi, additional, Steel, David, additional, Stein, Joshua D., additional, Steinemann, Thomas L., additional, Suchecki, Jeanine, additional, Sugar, Joel, additional, Sugar, Alan, additional, Tan, J.C.H., additional, Tanenbaum, Myron, additional, Taravella, Michael J., additional, Tasman, William S., additional, Telander, David G., additional, Tennant, Matthew T.S., additional, Tessler, Howard H., additional, Thall, Edmond H., additional, Tingey, David P., additional, Tobaigy, Faisal M., additional, Truong, Steven, additional, Tsai, James C., additional, Tsai, Julie, additional, Tsiaras, William G., additional, Tu, Elmer Y., additional, Tucker, Nancy, additional, Tuli, Sonal S., additional, Valluri, Shailaja, additional, Vander, James F., additional, Vaughn, Gregory J., additional, Virasch, Vanee Val, additional, Wadia, Hormuz P., additional, Walker, Rebecca S., additional, Walton, David Sellers, additional, Wang, Li, additional, Wang, Frederick M., additional, Wang, Ming X., additional, Wang, Robert C., additional, Wax, Martin, additional, Weinberg, David V., additional, Weinstein, Joel M., additional, Weiter, John J., additional, Werner, Liliana, additional, Wevill, Mark T., additional, White, Paul F., additional, Wiggs, Janey L., additional, Wilkinson, Charles P., additional, Williams, Patrick D., additional, Williams, George A., additional, Wirostko, William J., additional, Wollstein, Gadi, additional, Yee, Robert D., additional, Young, Joshua A., additional, and Zamir, Ehud, additional

Published
2009
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6. Efficacy and Safety of Suprachoroidal CLS-TA for Macular Edema Secondary to Noninfectious Uveitis: Phase 3 Randomized Trial.

Author

Yeh S, Khurana RN, Shah M, Henry CR, Wang RC, Kissner JM, Ciulla TA, and Noronha G

Subjects
Choroid, Female, Glucocorticoids administration & dosage, Humans, Injections, Intraocular, Macular Edema diagnosis, Macular Edema etiology, Male, Middle Aged, Tomography, Optical Coherence methods, Treatment Outcome, Uveitis diagnosis, Uveitis drug therapy, Macular Edema drug therapy, Triamcinolone Acetonide administration & dosage, Uveitis complications, Visual Acuity
Abstract

Purpose: Injection of pharmacotherapy into the suprachoroidal space, between the sclera and choroid, is an alternative delivery technique developed with the rationale of providing higher drug concentrations to posterior ocular structures compared with other intraocular and periocular injection procedures. This study was conducted to evaluate the safety and efficacy of suprachoroidally injected triamcinolone acetonide formulation (CLS-TA), a suspension of triamcinolone acetonide, in improving vision among patients with noninfectious uveitis complicated by macular edema (ME)., Design: Phase 3 masked, randomized trial., Participants: One hundred sixty patients with ME secondary to noninfectious uveitis. Patients were required to have a best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) of 5 or more Early Treatment Diabetic Retinopathy Study (ETDRS) letters (Snellen equivalent, 20/800) and 70 or fewer ETDRS letters read (Snellen equivalent, 20/40) in the study eye., Methods: Patients were randomized 3:2 to suprachoroidally injected CLS-TA or sham treatment, with administrations at day 0 and week 12., Main Outcome Measures: The primary end point was improvement from baseline of 15 or more ETDRS letters in BCVA at week 24. The secondary end point was reduction from baseline in central subfield thickness (CST) at week 24., Results: In the CLS-TA arm, 47% of patients gained 15 or more ETDRS letters in BCVA versus 16% in the control arm (P < 0.001), meeting the primary end point. Mean reductions in CST from baseline were 153 μm versus 18 μm (P < 0.001). No serious adverse events (AEs) related to treatment were reported. Corticosteroid-associated AEs of elevated intraocular pressure occurred in 11.5% and 15.6% of the CLS-TA and control groups, respectively. Cataract AE rates were comparable (7.3% and 6.3%, respectively)., Conclusions: Patients in the CLS-TA study arm experienced clinically significant improvement in vision relative to the sham procedure, demonstrating the efficacy of suprachoroidal injection of CLS-TA for the treatment of ME in a vision-threatening disorder., (Copyright © 2020 American Academy of Ophthalmology. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)

Published
2020
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7. Longitudinal Vision-Related Quality of Life for Patients with Noninfectious Uveitis Treated with Fluocinolone Acetonide Implant or Systemic Corticosteroid Therapy.

Author

Sugar EA, Venugopal V, Thorne JE, Frick KD, Holland GN, Wang RC, Almanzor R, Jabs DA, and Holbrook JT

Subjects
Adult, Aged, Cohort Studies, Drug Implants, Female, Follow-Up Studies, Health Status, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Panuveitis psychology, Risk Factors, Sickness Impact Profile, Surveys and Questionnaires, Uveitis, Intermediate psychology, Uveitis, Posterior psychology, Vision, Ocular physiology, Visual Acuity physiology, Visual Fields physiology, Fluocinolone Acetonide administration & dosage, Glucocorticoids administration & dosage, Panuveitis drug therapy, Quality of Life psychology, Uveitis, Intermediate drug therapy, Uveitis, Posterior drug therapy
Abstract

Purpose: To evaluate longitudinal vision-related quality of life (VRQoL) in patients with noninfectious uveitis., Design: Cohort study using randomized controlled trial data., Participants: Patients with active or recently active intermediate uveitis, posterior uveitis, or panuveitis enrolled in the Multicenter Steroid Treatment Trial and Follow-up Study., Methods: Data from the 25-item National Eye Institute Visual Functioning Questionnaire (NEI-VFQ-25) for the first 3 years after randomization were evaluated semiannually. Analyses were stratified by assigned treatment (129 implants vs. 126 systemic therapies) because of substantial differences in the trajectories of VRQoL. The impact of baseline measurements of visual function (visual acuity and visual field), demographics, and disease characteristics was assessed using generalized estimating equations., Main Outcome Measures: Primary outcome was the NEI-VFQ-25 composite score over 3 years after randomization., Results: Individuals in both treatment groups showed similar improvement in NEI-VFQ-25 scores after 3 years of follow-up (implant: 11.9 points; 95% confidence interval [CI], 8.6-15.2; P < 0.001; systemic: 9.0 points; 95% CI, 5.6-12.3; P < 0.001; P = 0.21 for interaction). Individuals in the implant group showed a substantial improvement during the first 6 months followed by stable scores, whereas individuals in the systemic group showed a steady improvement over the course of follow-up. Worse initial visual acuity and visual fields were associated with lower initial NEI-VFQ-25 scores for both treatment groups. In the systemic group, these differences were maintained throughout follow-up. In the implant group, individuals with initial visual acuity worse than 20/40 showed additional improvement in NEI-VFQ-25 score to come within -7 points (95% CI, -15.0 to 0.9) of those with visual acuity 20/40 or better initially, a clinically meaningful but not statistically significant difference (P = 0.081). Results based on sensitivity analyses showed similar patterns., Conclusions: Both treatment groups demonstrated significant improvements in NEI-VFQ-25 scores; however, the improvement was immediate for the implant group as opposed to gradual for the systemic group. Poorer visual function was associated significantly with initial differences in NEI-VFQ-25 scores. However, only individuals in the implant group with poor visual acuity were able to overcome their initial deficits by the end of 3 years., (Copyright © 2017 American Academy of Ophthalmology. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)

Published
2017
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8. Perillyl alcohol and perillaldehyde induced cell cycle arrest and cell death in BroTo and A549 cells cultured in vitro.

Author

Elegbede JA, Flores R, and Wang RC

Subjects
Adenocarcinoma pathology, Apoptosis drug effects, Carcinoma, Squamous Cell pathology, Cell Death drug effects, Cell Line, Head and Neck Neoplasms pathology, Humans, Indicators and Reagents, Lung Neoplasms pathology, Oxidoreductases metabolism, Phosphatidylserines metabolism, Tumor Cells, Cultured, Tumor Stem Cell Assay, Cell Cycle drug effects, Monoterpenes pharmacology
Abstract

The role of the monoterpenes, especially limonene and perillyl alcohol, in the treatment of certain cancers is currently being evaluated in clinical trials. In this study, the effects of perillyl alcohol (POH) and its analog, perillaldehyde (PALD), on human carcinoma cell lines (BroTo and A549) cultured in vitro were investigated using proliferation assays (MTT and colony formation) and DNA content analysis by flow cytometry. POH and PALD elicited dose- and time-dependent inhibition of proliferation in both cell lines. Concentrations of POH and PALD that inhibited cell proliferation by 50% (IC50) in 24 hr were 1 and 3 mM, respectively. DNA content analysis revealed that 1 mM of either POH or PALD caused cell cycle arrest in the G1 phase in both cell lines while POH alone caused increased hypodiploid and annexin V-positive populations in both BroTo and A549 cells. POH induced apoptosis and was more effective than PALD at inhibiting the proliferation of BroTo and A549 cells cultured in vitro.

Published
2003
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9. Conjunctival ulcers in Behçet's disease.

Author

Zamir E, Bodaghi B, Tugal-Tutkun I, See RF, Charlotte F, Wang RC, Wechsler B, LeHoang P, Anteby I, and Rao NA

Subjects
Adolescent, Adult, Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal therapeutic use, Antigens, CD metabolism, Antigens, Differentiation, Myelomonocytic metabolism, B-Lymphocytes pathology, Behcet Syndrome diagnosis, Behcet Syndrome drug therapy, Conjunctival Diseases diagnosis, Conjunctival Diseases drug therapy, Female, Glucocorticoids therapeutic use, Histiocytes metabolism, Histiocytes pathology, Humans, Indomethacin therapeutic use, Male, Middle Aged, Oral Ulcer diagnosis, Oral Ulcer drug therapy, Oral Ulcer etiology, Pain etiology, Retrospective Studies, Skin Ulcer diagnosis, Skin Ulcer drug therapy, Skin Ulcer etiology, T-Lymphocytes pathology, Ulcer diagnosis, Ulcer drug therapy, Uveitis diagnosis, Uveitis drug therapy, Uveitis etiology, Behcet Syndrome complications, Conjunctival Diseases etiology, Ulcer etiology
Abstract

Purpose: To describe the occurrence of conjunctival ulcers as a manifestation of Behçet's disease., Design: Retrospective, noncomparative, interventional case series with histopathologic correlation., Methods: Six patients who fulfilled the diagnostic criteria for Behçet's disease and presented with painful conjunctival ulcers were included in the study. Three of these ulcers were biopsied and studied histologically and immunohistochemically. The lesions were treated with topical or subconjunctival injection of corticosteroids and, in one case, with oral indomethacin., Results: Although all six patients fulfilled the diagnostic criteria for Behçet's disease, two developed uveitis and other signs of Behçet's disease only months to years after the appearance of the conjunctival ulcers. The 3- to 5-mm, round to oval ulcers were located in the limbal and/or bulbar conjunctiva. Histopathology revealed disrupted epithelium, infiltration of both acute and chronic inflammatory cells, and high endothelial venules. Immunohistochemical analysis of the infiltrating lymphocytes revealed primarily T-cell populations admixed with several B cells and CD68-positive histiocytes. After treatment, the conjunctival lesions invariably healed without scarring., Conclusions: In addition to the oral and genital ulceration, ulcers can also be found in the conjunctiva of patients with Behçet's disease. Although this is a rare clinical sign, when accompanied by uveitis or orogenital ulcers, it may suggest a diagnosis of Behçet's disease.

Published
2003
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10. Massive mycobacterial choroiditis during highly active antiretroviral therapy: another immune-recovery uveitis?

Author

Zamir E, Hudson H, Ober RR, Kumar SK, Wang RC, Read RW, and Rao NA

Subjects
AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections diagnosis, AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections drug therapy, Adult, Choroiditis diagnosis, Choroiditis drug therapy, Cytomegalovirus Retinitis diagnosis, Cytomegalovirus Retinitis drug therapy, Cytomegalovirus Retinitis microbiology, DNA, Bacterial genetics, Eye Infections, Bacterial diagnosis, Eye Infections, Bacterial drug therapy, Fatal Outcome, Granuloma diagnosis, Granuloma drug therapy, Granuloma microbiology, Humans, Male, Mycobacterium avium Complex genetics, Mycobacterium avium-intracellulare Infection diagnosis, Mycobacterium avium-intracellulare Infection drug therapy, Panuveitis diagnosis, Panuveitis drug therapy, Polymerase Chain Reaction, AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections microbiology, Antiretroviral Therapy, Highly Active, Choroiditis microbiology, Eye Infections, Bacterial microbiology, Mycobacterium avium Complex isolation & purification, Mycobacterium avium-intracellulare Infection microbiology, Panuveitis microbiology
Abstract

Purpose: To describe the ocular presentation of disseminated mycobacterial disease occurring during immune-recovery in a patient with acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS)., Study Design: Case report and literature review., Participants: A 41-year-old AIDS patient with a prior diagnosis of cytomegalovirus retinitis., Methods: The patient developed progressive, bilateral multifocal choroiditis with panuveitis 2 months after beginning and responding to highly active antiretroviral therapy. His left eye became blind and painful and was enucleated. Pathologic examination revealed massive choroiditis with well-formed, discrete granulomas and multiple intracellular and extracellular acid-fast organisms within the choroidal granulomas. Culture and polymerase chain reaction of vitreous specimens revealed Mycobacterium avium complex (MAC)., Results: Empiric, and later sensitivity-guided, local and systemic antibiotic therapy was used to treat the remaining right eye, but it continued to deteriorate. Despite medical therapy, three vitrectomies and repeated intravitreal injections of amikacin, a total retinal detachment ensued. One week after the third vitrectomy, the patient died from mesenteric artery thrombosis in the setting of disseminated mycobacterial disease., Conclusions: This is the first report of ocular inflammation as the presenting finding in the recently recognized syndrome of immune-recovery MAC disease. Pathogenesis of this entity is related to an enhanced immune response to a prior, subclinical, disseminated infection. The formation of discrete granulomas, normally absent in MAC infections in AIDS, reflects this mechanism.

Published
2002
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11. Progressive subretinal fibrosis and blindness associated with multifocal granulomatous chorioretinitis: A variant of sympathetic ophthalmia.

Author

Wang RC, Zamir E, Dugel PU, Sipperley JO, Thirkill CE, Shabatian B, and Rao NA

Subjects
Aged, Autoantibodies blood, Blindness pathology, Chorioretinitis diagnosis, Collagen metabolism, DNA, Viral analysis, Disease Progression, Fibrosis, Fluorescein Angiography, Fluorescent Antibody Technique, Indirect, Granuloma diagnosis, Herpesvirus 1, Human genetics, Humans, Male, Ophthalmia, Sympathetic diagnosis, Photoreceptor Cells, Vertebrate immunology, Pigment Epithelium of Eye immunology, Polymerase Chain Reaction, Postoperative Complications, Retina metabolism, Blindness etiology, Chorioretinitis complications, Granuloma complications, Ophthalmia, Sympathetic etiology, Retina pathology
Abstract

Objective: To report a case of bilateral progressive subretinal fibrosis and blindness with multifocal granulomatous chorioretinitis occurring after intraocular surgery. We propose that this is a variant of sympathetic ophthalmia., Design: Clinicopathologic case report., Methods: The left enucleated globe was examined by histopathologic methods. The patient's sera were subjected to immunohistochemical studies against retinal antigens, and collagen 2 types in areas of fibrosis were identified. Polymerase chain reaction was used to test for herpes virus DNA in microdissected, formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissue., Results: The enucleated globe demonstrated histopathologic features similar to an entity previously described as progressive subretinal fibrosis with multifocal granulomatous chorioretinitis. The patient's sera demonstrated antibodies directed against retinal photoreceptors and pigment epithelium. Polymerase chain reaction for herpes virus was negative. Immunohistochemical studies demonstrated types III, IV, V, and VI collagen in areas of fibrosis., Conclusions: The clinical history along with the histopathologic and immunohistochemical findings suggest that progressive subretinal fibrosis with multifocal granulomatous chorioretinitis may represent a variant of sympathetic ophthalmia and that retinal autoimmunity may play a role in its pathogenesis.

Published
2002
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12. A prospective evaluation of subconjunctival injection of triamcinolone acetonide for resistant anterior scleritis.

Author

Zamir E, Read RW, Smith RE, Wang RC, and Rao NA

Subjects
Adult, Anterior Eye Segment, Conjunctiva, Drug Evaluation, Drug Resistance, Female, Glucocorticoids administration & dosage, Humans, Injections, Male, Middle Aged, Prospective Studies, Recurrence, Safety, Treatment Outcome, Triamcinolone Acetonide administration & dosage, Glucocorticoids therapeutic use, Scleritis drug therapy, Triamcinolone Acetonide therapeutic use
Abstract

Purpose: Prospective evaluation of the efficacy and safety of subconjunctival triamcinolone injections for resistant, nonnecrotizing, anterior scleritis., Design: Prospective, noncomparative, interventional case series., Participants: Twelve eyes of 10 consecutive patients seen in the Doheny Eye Institute between August 1999 and December 2000 with diffuse, nonnecrotizing anterior scleritis that was resistant to systemic antiinflammatory therapy. Eyes with a history of steroid response were excluded., Intervention: Subconjunctival injection of triamcinolone acetonide to the areas of maximal inflammation., Main Outcome Measures: Scleritis activity, adverse treatment effects, and number of systemic medications required at the end of the follow-up period., Results: Within 1 to 14 days after injection, complete resolution of signs and symptoms was achieved in 11 eyes and partial resolution in 1 eye. Two patients had one recurrence each, 2.5 and 11 months after injection. Six of 10 patients were able to discontinue all systemic therapy (prednisone +/- immunosuppressive drugs); the remaining 4 needed continued oral therapy for systemic indications. Transient ocular hypertension and subconjunctival hemorrhage occurred in one eye each. Median follow-up period was 15 months. No eye developed necrotizing scleritis., Conclusions: Subconjunctival injection of triamcinolone acetonide is a safe and effective treatment for resistant, nonnecrotizing anterior scleritis. It provides rapid effect, is well tolerated, and may spare patients the significant complications and side effects of systemic corticosteroid and immunosuppressive therapy.

Published
2002
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