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107 results on '"Université d'Orléans (UO)"'

1. DNA nuclear targeting sequences for enhanced non-viral gene transfer: An in vitro and in vivo study

Author

Tristan Montier, Philippe Guégan, Sandrine Quemener, Kévin Pluchon, Juliette Ropars, Chantal Pichon, Tanguy Haute, Yann Thierry Le Guen, Tony Le Gall, Patrick Midoux, Gestionnaire, Hal Sorbonne Université, monopDNA-Nanoparticules Virus-Inspirées pour transfert de gènes. - - VINP2017 - ANR-17-CE18-0015 - AAPG2017 - VALID, Génétique, génomique fonctionnelle et biotechnologies (UMR 1078) (GGB), EFS-Université de Brest (UBO)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Institut Brestois Santé Agro Matière (IBSAM), Université de Brest (UBO), Centre de biophysique moléculaire (CBM), Université d'Orléans (UO)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut Parisien de Chimie Moléculaire (IPCM), Chimie Moléculaire de Paris Centre (FR 2769), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Paris - Chimie ParisTech-PSL (ENSCP), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Ecole Superieure de Physique et de Chimie Industrielles de la Ville de Paris (ESPCI Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Chimie des polymères (LCP), Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut Parisien de Chimie Moléculaire (IPCM), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Chimie Moléculaire de Paris Centre (FR 2769), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire de Brest (CHRU Brest), Récepteurs Nucléaires, Maladies Métaboliques et Cardiovasculaires (RNMCD - U1011), Institut Pasteur de Lille, Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP)-Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université de Lille-Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire [Lille] (CHRU Lille), This work was funded by grants from the AFM – Association Française contre les Myopathies (project no. AFM2017#20609, AFM, Evry, France), the ANR – Agence Nationale de la Recherche (project no. ANR-17-CE18-0015-03, 'monopDNA-Nanoparticules Virus-Inspirées pour transfert de gènes', ANR, Paris, France), the Association de Transfusion Sanguine et de Biogénétique Gaétan Saleün (Brest, France), and the Région Bretagne (France). The Service Général des Plateformes, Animalerie Commune (Brest, France) and SynNanoVect (Brest-Rennes, France) are also acknowledged. Y.T.L.G. was a recipient of a PhD fellowship from the French Ministry of Higher Education, Research and Innovation., ANR-17-CE18-0015,VINP,monopDNA-Nanoparticules Virus-Inspirées pour transfert de gènes.(2017), Institut Brestois Santé Agro Matière (IBSAM), Université de Brest (UBO)-Université de Brest (UBO)-EFS-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Université d'Orléans (UO)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC), Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Paris - Chimie ParisTech-PSL (ENSCP), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Chimie Moléculaire de Paris Centre (FR 2769), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Récepteurs Nucléaires, Maladies Métaboliques et Cardiovasculaires - U1011 (RNMCD)

Subjects
0301 basic medicine, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], RM1-950, NF-κB, 03 medical and health sciences, chemistry.chemical_compound, 0302 clinical medicine, plasmid DNA, In vivo, Drug Discovery, skeletal muscle, Transcription factor, hydrodynamic limb vein injection, Transfection, nuclear import, In vitro, Cell biology, [SDV] Life Sciences [q-bio], 030104 developmental biology, chemistry, transfection, Cell culture, 030220 oncology & carcinogenesis, Nucleic acid, Molecular Medicine, Therapeutics. Pharmacology, Nuclear transport, DNA
Abstract

International audience; An important bottleneck for non-viral gene transfer commonly relates to translocation of nucleic acids into the nuclear compartment of target cells. So-called 3NFs are optimized short nucleotide sequences able to interact with the transcription factor nuclear factor κB (NF-κB), which can enhance the nuclear import of plasmid DNA (pDNA) carrying such motifs. In this work, we first designed a consistent set of six pDNAs featuring a common backbone and only varying in their 3NF sequences. These constructions were then transfected under various experimental settings. In vitro, cationic polymer-assisted pDNA delivery in five human-derived cell lines showed the potential advantage of 3NF carrying pDNA in diverse cellular contexts. In vivo, naked pDNAs were hydrodynamically delivered to muscle hindlimbs in healthy mice; this direct accurate comparative (in the absence of any gene carrier) revealed modest but consistent trends in favor of the pDNAs equipped with 3NF. In summary, the results reported emphasize the implications of various parameters on NF-κB-mediated pDNA nuclear import; under specific conditions, 3NF can provide modest to substantial advantages for pDNA gene transfer, in vitro as well as in vivo. This study thus further underscores the potential of optimized nuclear import for more efficient non-viral gene transfer applications.

Published
2021

2. Freidel-Maillet type presentations of Uq(sl2)

Author

Baseilhac, Pascal, Institut Denis Poisson (IDP), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Tours-Université d'Orléans (UO), Supported by C.N.R.S., and Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Tours (UT)-Université d'Orléans (UO)

Subjects
Nuclear and High Energy Physics, [PHYS.MPHY]Physics [physics]/Mathematical Physics [math-ph], FOS: Physical sciences, FRT presentation, Mathematical Physics (math-ph), QC770-798, Mathematics::Quantum Algebra, Nuclear and particle physics. Atomic energy. Radioactivity, Mathematics - Quantum Algebra, FOS: Mathematics, Freidel-Maillet algebras, [MATH.MATH-QA]Mathematics [math]/Quantum Algebra [math.QA], Quantum Algebra (math.QA), MSC : 16T25, 17B37, 81R50, Mathematics::Representation Theory, Mathematical Physics, Equitable presentation
Abstract

A unified framework for the Chevalley and equitable presentation of $U_q(sl_2)$ is introduced. It is given in terms of a system of Freidel-Maillet type equations satisfied by a pair of quantum K-operators ${\mathcal K}^\pm$, whose entries are expressed in terms of either Chevalley or equitable generators. The Hopf algebra structure is reconsidered in light of this unified framework, and interwining relations for each pair of ${\mathcal K}^\pm$ are obtained. A K-operator solving a spectral parameter dependent Freidel-Maillet type equation is also considered. Different specializations of this K-operator are shown to admit a decomposition in terms of ${\mathcal K}^\pm$ of Chevalley or equitable type. Explicit examples of K-matrices without/with spectral parameter are derived by specializing the K-operators previously obtained., Comment: 20 pages; v2: Abstract improved, footnote 2 added

Published
2022

3. Experimental measurements of Xe and Kr releases from UO2 and determination of their migration mechanisms – Release rate data

Author

M. Gerardin, E. Gilabert, M-F. Barthe, G. Carlot, Denis Horlait, CEA Cadarache, Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA), GeoRessources, Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre de recherches sur la géologie des matières premières minérales et énergétiques (CREGU)-Université de Lorraine (UL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre d'Etudes Nucléaires de Bordeaux Gradignan (CENBG), Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1 (UB)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Conditions Extrêmes et Matériaux : Haute Température et Irradiation (CEMHTI), Université d'Orléans (UO)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), This research is part of the INSPYRE project, which has received funding from the Euratom research and training program 2014‐2018 under Grant Agreement No 754329., Université de Lorraine (UL), Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Université d'Orléans (UO)

Subjects
[PHYS]Physics [physics], 0303 health sciences, Science (General), Multidisciplinary, Computer applications to medicine. Medical informatics, R858-859.7, Diffusion, Q1-390, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, [SDU]Sciences of the Universe [physics], Uranium dioxide, Radiation induced defects, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery, 030304 developmental biology, Data Article, Xenon and krypton release
Abstract

International audience; We present the raw data obtained from release rate at 1300°C of Xe and Kr implanted in UO2, related to [1]. We performed different sample preparation (polishing treatment) on polycrystalline and monocrystalline UO2. Ion implantation were performed at various fluences between 9.5 × 1010 to 5 × 1014 i/cm2 in UO2 samples. Release rate of Xe and Kr are obtained at 1300°C under vacuum from desorption experiments performed on the PIAGARA plateform at the CENBG (Centre d'Etudes Nucléaires de Bordeaux-Gradignan). Since we made a variety of samples depending on multiple parameters (sample type, sample preparation, ion implantation type and fluence), these data represent a serious amount of work that could be saved for the scientific community that might use them for other purposes such as burst modelling.

Published
2021

4. The role of mangrove fine root production and decomposition on soil organic carbon component ratios

Author

Shing Yip Lee, Yisheng Peng, Yasong Zhang, Mikael Motelica-Heino, Dongsheng Guan, Ling Xiao, Yujuan Chen, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control and Remediation Technology, Sun Yat-Sen University [Guangzhou] (SYSU), South China Agricultural University (SCAU), Institut des Sciences de la Terre d'Orléans - UMR7327 (ISTO), Bureau de Recherches Géologiques et Minières (BRGM) (BRGM)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers en région Centre (OSUC), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Biogéosystèmes Continentaux - UMR7327, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Bureau de Recherches Géologiques et Minières (BRGM) (BRGM)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers en région Centre (OSUC), and The Chinese University of Hong Kong [Hong Kong]

Subjects
0106 biological sciences, Soil salinity, General Decision Sciences, 010501 environmental sciences, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, Dissolved organic carbon, Path analysis, [SDU.ENVI]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Continental interfaces, environment, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, QH540-549.5, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, SOC component ratios, Abiotic component, Biomass (ecology), Mangrove fine root, Decomposition, Sea-land gradient, Ecology, Soil organic matter, Production, Soil carbon, 15. Life on land, Agronomy, [SDU]Sciences of the Universe [physics], Litter, Environmental science, Mangrove
Abstract

International audience; Mangrove fine roots are an important contributor to soil organic matter (SOC), yet how their production and decomposition affect SOC accumulation across the sea-land gradient is still elusive. This study aimed to investigate the influencing path of biotic and abiotic factors of fine root production and decomposition dynamics on SOC component ratios involving particulate organic carbon (POC)/SOC, dissolved organic carbon (DOC)/SOC, and microbial biomass carbon(MBC)/SOC. Based upon sequential root coring and the litter bag method, the production, and decomposition of mangrove fine roots were investigated. The production and turnover rate of mangrove fine roots increased from 90.9 g⋅m − 2 to 510.9 g⋅m − 2 and 0.44 yr − 1 to 1.49 yr − 1 across the sea-land gradient respectively. After one year of decomposition, 69.5-80.8% and 58.3-69.2% of low-order and highorder fine roots remained, respectively. Decomposition rates of both low-order and high-order fine roots were significantly slower in the landward zone than in the seaward zones. Redundancy analysis (RDA) illustrated that vegetation biomass and soil salinity were respectively the main biotic and abiotic factors affecting the production and decomposition of mangrove fine roots and they explained 91.2% of mangrove fine root production and decomposition. Stepwise regression analysis indicated that the production of fine roots was mainly influenced by mangrove vegetation biomass while their decomposition was negatively affected by soil salinity. POC and SOC increased significantly from 20.13 t⋅ha − 1 to 58.71 t⋅ha − 1 and 78.42 t⋅ha − 1 to 139.01 t⋅ha − 1 respectively while DOC/SOC and MBC/SOC reduced from 0.33 to 0.24 and from 0.55 to 0.44 across the sea-land gradient. RDA results indicated that low-order fine root production was the major control of the ratio of SOC components among the production and decomposition of low-order and high-order fine roots, explaining 90.9% of SOC component ratio changes. Based upon structural equation modeling, the path coefficient of biotic and abiotic factors POC/SOC was 0.914 (P < 0.001), indicating that mangrove fine root production affecting by vegetation biomass and soil salinity was the main drive of SOC accumulation. Nevertheless, mangrove fine root decomposition played a minor role in SOC component change. The information gained in this study will facilitate policy decisions concerning the restoration of mangrove forests in China.

Published
2021

5. Kaluza–Klein reduction on a maximally non-Riemannian space is moduli-free

Author

Kevin Morand, Kyoungho Cho, Jeong-Hyuck Park, Department of Physics [Seoul], Sogang University [Séoul], Fédération de recherche Denis Poisson (FDP), Université de Tours (UT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université d'Orléans (UO), Supported by the National Research Foundation of Korea through the Grants, NRF-2016R1D1A1B01015196 and NRF-2018H1D3A1A01030137 (Korea Research Fellowship Program)., Department of Physics, and Université d'Orléans (UO)-Université de Tours-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
High Energy Physics - Theory, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Worldsheet, Kaluza–Klein theory, FOS: Physical sciences, General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc), 01 natural sciences, String (physics), General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology, Moduli, Theoretical physics, High Energy Physics::Theory, [MATH.MATH-MP]Mathematics [math]/Mathematical Physics [math-ph], 0103 physical sciences, 010306 general physics, Ansatz, Physics, Heterotic string theory, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, Graviscalar, [PHYS.HTHE]Physics [physics]/High Energy Physics - Theory [hep-th], Supergravity, 16. Peace & justice, lcsh:QC1-999, High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th), [PHYS.GRQC]Physics [physics]/General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology [gr-qc], lcsh:Physics
Abstract

We propose a novel Kaluza-Klein scheme which assumes the internal space to be maximally non-Riemannian, meaning that no Riemannian metric can be defined for any subspace. Its description is only possible through Double Field Theory but not within supergravity. We spell out the corresponding Scherk-Schwarz twistable Kaluza--Klein ansatz, and point out that the internal space prevents rigidly any graviscalar moduli. Plugging the same ansatz into higher-dimensional pure Double Field Theory and also to a known doubled-yet-gauged string action, we recover heterotic supergravity as well as heterotic worldsheet action. In this way, we show that 1) supergravity and Yang-Mills theory can be unified into higher-dimensional pure Double Field Theory, free of moduli, and 2) heterotic string theory may have a higher-dimensional non-Riemannian origin., v1) 5 pages v2) minor change, 6 pages. To be published in Physics Letters B

Published
2019

6. Effect of pressure on the deformation of quartz aggregates in the presence of H2O

Author

Petr Jeřábek, Lucille Nègre, Amicia Lee, Holger Stünitz, Jacques Précigout, Hugues Raimbourg, Petar Pongrac, Institut des Sciences de la Terre d'Orléans - UMR7327 (ISTO), Bureau de Recherches Géologiques et Minières (BRGM) (BRGM)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers en région Centre (OSUC), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Géodynamique - UMR7327, Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Bureau de Recherches Géologiques et Minières (BRGM) (BRGM)-Institut des Sciences de la Terre d'Orléans - UMR7327 (ISTO), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Bureau de Recherches Géologiques et Minières (BRGM) (BRGM)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers en région Centre (OSUC), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), University of Tromsø (UiT), Institute of Petrology and Structural Geology, Charles University [Prague] (CU), ANR-10-LABX-0100,VOLTAIRE,Geofluids and Volatil elements – Earth, Atmosphere, Interfaces – Resources and Environment(2010), and ANR-11-EQPX-0036,PLANEX,Planète Expérimentation: simulation et analyse in-situ en conditions extrêmes(2011)

Subjects
Dislocation creep, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, [SDU.STU]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences, Geology, VDP::Matematikk og Naturvitenskap: 400::Geofag: 450::Mineralogi, petrologi, geokjemi: 462, Flow stress, Strain rate, 010502 geochemistry & geophysics, Overburden pressure, 01 natural sciences, Grain size, dynamic recrystallization, VDP::Mathematics and natural science: 400::Geosciences: 450::Mineralogy, petrology, geochemistry: 462, [SDU]Sciences of the Universe [physics], H2O weakening, Dynamic recrystallization, Grain boundary, Deformation (engineering), Composite material, quartz rheology, quartz deformation, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences
Abstract

International audience; Quartzite samples of high purity with a grain size of ∼200 μm have been experimentally deformed by coaxial shortening in a solid medium apparatus at 900°C and at confining pressures ranging from 0.6 to 2 GPa. Most samples have been shortened by ∼30% with 0.1 wt.% added H2O. The samples deformed dominantly by crystal plasticity (dislocation creep), and there is a systematic decrease of flow stress with increasing confining pressure. Strain rate stepping tests yield stress exponents of n∼1.4. The strain determined from individual grain shapes matches that determined from bulk shortening. In addition to plastic strain, mode I cracks developed in all samples, principally in the grain boundary regions. Recrystallized material, visible through cathodoluminescence colours, forms by two mechanisms: (1) progressive subgrain rotation and (2) cracking, nucleating small new grains. After high-angle boundaries have been established, grain boundary migration takes place, and a distinction of new grains nucleation origin (subgrain rotation or cracking) is impossible. At higher pressure, there is more recrystallized material forming in the deformed samples, and it is inferred that the inverse pressure dependence of flow stress is caused by enhanced grain boundary migration at higher pressure, consistent with previous studies.

Published
2021

7. The threat of veterinary medicinal products and biocides on pollinators: A One Health perspective

Author

K.L. Mahefarisoa, N. Simon Delso, Marc Edouard Colin, V. Zaninotto, J.M. Bonmatin, Université Catholique de Louvain = Catholic University of Louvain (UCL), Institut d'écologie et des sciences de l'environnement de Paris (iEES Paris ), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Paris (UP)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Centre de biophysique moléculaire (CBM), Université d'Orléans (UO)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), and Université d'Orléans (UO)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
PNEC, predicted no effect concentration, Medicine (General), Veterinary medicine, Biocide, Livestock, Apiary, EIA, environmental impact assessment, VICH, International Cooperation on Harmonization of Technical Requirements for Registration of Veterinary Medicinal Products, 030231 tropical medicine, Context (language use), MA, market authorisation, Marketing authorization, Ecotoxicology, 03 medical and health sciences, EMA, Environmental Medicine Agency, R5-920, 0302 clinical medicine, Pollinator, BTV, Bluetongue virus, PEC, predicted environmental concentration, 030212 general & internal medicine, SPs, synthetic pyrethroids, RQ, risk quotient, Risk assessment, 2. Zero hunger, [SDV.EE.SANT]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment/Health, Multi-use substances, ERA, environmental risk assessment, business.industry, VMPs, veterinary medicinal products, Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health, ECHA, European Chemical Agency, Pesticide, Bees, Infectious Diseases, One Health, Environmental health, 13. Climate action, [SDV.TOX.ECO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Toxicology/Ecotoxicology, business, Research Paper
Abstract

The One Health approach acknowledges that human health is firmly linked to animal and environmental health. It involves using animals such as bees and other pollinators as sentinels for environmental contamination or biological indicators. Beekeepers noticed intoxications of apiaries located in the vicinity of sheep and cattle farms, which led to the suspicion of bees' intoxication by the products used for livestock: veterinary medicinal products (VMPs) and Biocides, confirmed by laboratory analysis. We review the legal context of VMPs and Biocidal products considering Europe as a case study, and identify shortcomings at the environmental level. We describe the possible ways these products could intoxicate bees in the vicinity of livestock farms. We also illustrate the way they may impact non-target species. The cases of ivermectin and abamectin as VMPs, deltamethrin and permethrin as Biocides are considered as case studies. We show bees can be exposed to new and unrecognized routes of exposure to these chemicals, and demonstrate that their application in livestock farming can affect the survival of pollinators, such as bees. We conclude that: (1) figures on the marketing/use of these chemicals should be harmonized, centralized and publicly available, (2) research should be devoted to clarifying how pollinators are exposed to VMPs and Biocides, (3) toxicity studies on bees should be carried out, and (4) pollinators should be considered as non-targeted species concerning the environmental risk assessment before their marketing authorization. We propose the term “Multi-use substances” for active ingredients with versatile use., Graphical abstract Unlabelled Image, Highlights • We evaluate the impact that VMPs and Biocides have on bees using the One Health concept. • We show that VMPs and Biocides involve health risks to pollinators, which remain unconsidered. • Lack of data and knowledge gaps should be filled regarding exposure and toxicity to pollinators of VPMs and Biocides • Bees ought to be included in environmental risk assessment of VMPs and Biocides • Term “Multi-use substances”, for referring to a product with versatile usage: VMPs, Biocides, and pesticides.

Published
2021

8. Composition, microstructure and corrosion mechanisms of Catalan Modernist enamelled glass

Author

Trinitat Pradell, Martí Beltrán, Bernard Gratuze, Oriol Vallcorba, J. Bonet, Nadine Schibille, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya. Doctorat en Física Computacional i Aplicada, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya. Departament de Física, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya. GCM - Grup de Caracterització de Materials, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya [Barcelona] (UPC), IRAMAT - Centre Ernest Babelon (IRAMAT-CEB), Institut de Recherches sur les Archéomatériaux (IRAMAT), Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Bordeaux Montaigne-Université de Technologie de Belfort-Montbeliard (UTBM)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Bordeaux Montaigne-Université de Technologie de Belfort-Montbeliard (UTBM), and ALBA Synchrotron light source [Barcelone]

Subjects
Pigments, Materials science, chemistry.chemical_element, Física::Física de l'estat sòlid [Àrees temàtiques de la UPC], 02 engineering and technology, Zinc, 01 natural sciences, [SHS]Humanities and Social Sciences, Corrosion, stomatognathic system, [CHIM.ANAL]Chemical Sciences/Analytical chemistry, 0103 physical sciences, Materials Chemistry, Boron, Microstructure, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, 010302 applied physics, Borosilicate glass, Precipitation (chemistry), Metallurgy, Vitralls, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, Amorphous solid, Colourants, stomatognathic diseases, chemistry, Lead zinc borosilicate glass, 13. Climate action, Mechanical stability, Ceramics and Composites, 0210 nano-technology, Atmospheric corrosion
Abstract

The materials, painting techniques and conservation state of the enamelled stain glass of the Catalan Modernist workshops operating in Barcelona are studied. It is known for its creativity and artistic value where textured, flashed, coloured and enamelled glasses concur. In the late 19th century, Catalan workshops used a new type of ready-to-be-used enamels (lead-zinc borosilicate glass) incorporating pigment particles and colourants. Although humidity, pollutants and solar irradiation are the main causes of corrosion, the microstructure of the enamels plays a role- Enamels that contain large particles close to the surface appear more corroded than those that are fully amorphous. Lixiviation of lead, boron and zinc produced a hydrated layered silica rich fragile glass and the subsequent precipitation of lead, sodium and calcium compounds on the surface, cracks around particles and inside the bubbles decrease the chemical and mechanical stability. The practices of some workshops produced enamels with reduced stability.

Published
2021

9. Pre-eruptive conditions at satellite vent eruptions at Teide-Pico Viejo complex (Tenerife, Canary Islands)

Author

Joan Martí, Olaya Dorado, Joan Andújar, Adelina Geyer, European Commission, Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades (España), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (España), Agence Nationale de la Recherche (France), Labex Voltaire, GEO3BCN CSIC, Geosci Barcelona, Grp Dynam Lithosphere GDL, Luis Sole I Sabaris S-N, Barcelona 08028, Universitat de Barcelona (UB), Institut des Sciences de la Terre d'Orléans - UMR7327 (ISTO), Bureau de Recherches Géologiques et Minières (BRGM) (BRGM)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers en région Centre (OSUC), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Magma - UMR7327, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Bureau de Recherches Géologiques et Minières (BRGM) (BRGM)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers en région Centre (OSUC), ANR-10-LABX-0100,VOLTAIRE,Geofluids and Volatil elements – Earth, Atmosphere, Interfaces – Resources and Environment(2010), and ANR-11-EQPX-0036,PLANEX,Planète Expérimentation: simulation et analyse in-situ en conditions extrêmes(2011)

Subjects
010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Lava, Anorthoclase, Geochemistry, Pyroclastic rock, [SDU.STU]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences, Magma chamber, engineering.material, 010502 geochemistry & geophysics, 01 natural sciences, Teide-Pico Viejo, Geochemistry and Petrology, [SDU.STU.VO]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Volcanology, Stratovolcano, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, geography, geography.geographical_feature_category, Explosive-effusive, Tenerife, Lava dome, Geology, Volcano, 13. Climate action, [SDU]Sciences of the Universe [physics], Phonolite, Magma, engineering, Explosive-ffusive, Dome
Abstract

The Teide-Pico Viejo (T-PV) stratovolcanoes constitute one of the most potentially active volcanic complexes in Europe. T-PV was traditionally considered as a non-explosive system, but recent studies have pointed out the explosive character of their phonolitic magmas, including plinian and subplinian eruptions and the generation of pyroclastic density currents, as is evidenced in the volcanological record of the last 30 kyr. This explosive activity is mostly associated with satellite dome-like vents, which are characterised by presenting progressive transitions between explosive and effusive activity. In order to improve our understanding of these types of eruptions and their controlling mechanisms, we conducted a petrological and mineral characterisation of the products from the different eruptive phases of Pico Cabras dome. This permitted us to constrain the pre-eruptive conditions of the magma and to infer the potential factors that control the changes in the volcanic activity of dome-forming eruptions at T-PV and, in particular, the transition between explosive and effusive phases. Feldspar (anorthoclase and sanidine), clinopyroxene (diopside and augite), biotite, amphibole (kaersutite), magnetite, ilmenite, sodalite, and glass samples were analysed using EPMA and Micro-XRF. Our results suggest the presence of a compositionally, thermally, and volatile stratified magma chamber at 100 ± 50 MPa prior to the Pico Cabras eruption (between 9210 and 5911 years BP), which was characterised by a progressive change in the style of activity, from an efficiently fragmented magma dispersed by a sustained plume, to a poorly-fragmented, low-height, non-convective fountain (forming the fountain-fed lava dome) to a glass-bearing lava flow activity. The transition in the eruptive style was controlled by changes in temperature and amount of volatiles dissolved in the phonolitic melt (i.e., differences in magma rheology). The initial explosive phase was related to the emission of highly evolved phonolitic magma ponding at 725–825 °C while containing 3.5–5 wt% H2O and located in the upper part of the magma reservoir. The magma that fed the phonolitic lava flow formed the main body of the reservoir and was stored below the preceding melt at 880 ± 30 °C and with 2.5–3 wt% H2O dissolved. Feldspar zonation suggests that the eruption was triggered by the intrusion of hotter mafic magma at the base of the phonolitic chamber, which induced the overturn of the interior of the reservoir. However, the interaction between the internal magmas was short enough to prevent the hybridization phenomena among them. The compositions of some feldspars from the most explosive phase are equivalent to those found in the El Abrigo eruption, the last caldera-forming episode (ca. 190 ka), demonstrating that T-PV volcanic system can already produce evolved and highly explosive magmas, a factor that should be considered in future hazard assessment for Tenerife., This study has been partially funded by EC Grant EVE (ref: DG ECHO H2020 826292), the Ministry of Science, Innovation, and Universities of Spain (FPU18/02572) and the CSIC grant JAEINT_18_00808. The authors kindly acknowledge the analytical SEM, EMPA and Microfluorescence support provided by I. Di Carlo and the financial support of Equipex-Planex ANR-11-EQPX-0036 and Labex-Voltaire ANR-10-LABX-100-01 from Orléans.

Published
2021

10. Christian-Muslim contacts across the Mediterranean: Byzantine glass mosaics in the Great Umayyad Mosque of Córdoba (Spain)

Author

Márcia Vilarigues, Luís Alves, Nadine Schibille, María Auxiliadora Gómez-Morón, Pilar Ortiz, Teresa Palomar, Dpt. Conservation and Restoration, FCT-UNL (VICARTE), Department of Physical, Chemical and Natural Systems, Pablo de Olavide University C Utrera, Universidade Nova de Lisboa = NOVA University Lisbon (NOVA), Université d'Orléans (UO), IRAMAT - Centre Ernest Babelon (IRAMAT-CEB), Institut de Recherches sur les Archéomatériaux (IRAMAT), and Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Bordeaux Montaigne-Université de Technologie de Belfort-Montbeliard (UTBM)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Bordeaux Montaigne-Université de Technologie de Belfort-Montbeliard (UTBM)

Subjects
010506 paleontology, Archeology, History, [SHS.ARCHEO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Archaeology and Prehistory, media_common.quotation_subject, Ancient history, [SHS.MUSEO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Cultural heritage and museology, 01 natural sciences, Mosaic, [SHS.HISPHILSO]Humanities and Social Sciences/History, Philosophy and Sociology of Sciences, Mosaicos, 0601 history and archaeology, Architecture, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, Vidrio, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, media_common, 060102 archaeology, Empire, Islam, 06 humanities and the arts, [CHIM.MATE]Chemical Sciences/Material chemistry, [SHS.ART]Humanities and Social Sciences/Art and art history, Técnica de análisis químicos, Making-of, Caliphate, Byzantine art, [SHS.HIST]Humanities and Social Sciences/History, Byzantine architecture
Abstract

Glass mosaic decorations were used throughout the medieval Mediterranean as a powerful medium to convey religious and political agendas, yet we know next to nothing about the source of the materials and the transmission of the necessary technical know-how. Mosaics are generally considered a Byzantine art form, not least due to their prominence in Byzantine church architecture and because medieval Islamic textual sources assert that the glass tesserae of some of the most important early mosques were of Byzantine origin. This article provides solid analytical evidence that glass used in the tenth-century mosaics of the Great Umayyad Mosque of C´ordoba (Spain) came from Byzantium. Most of the tesserae have high boron contents, for which the only compositional match are Byzantine glasses made with raw materials from Asia Minor. In addition, some of the glass has a chemical fingerprint that suggests that it was prepared by mixing local raw materials with imported high boron glass, indicative of local mosaic glassmaking. Our study thus illustrates the value of analytical studies in re-assessing long-held assumptions about the making of mosaics as well as the movement of materials and people across cultural barriers. The presence of Byzantine materials and craftsmen in C´ordoba demonstrates that Muslims and Christians were interacting the length of the Mediterranean, corroborating the close diplomatic ties between the Caliphate of C´ordoba and the Byzantine Empire during the tenth century. Our findings further underscore the importance of glass in trade and diplomatic exchange, reflecting its cultural and economic value in the medieval world.

Published
2021

11. Entanglement of free Fermions on Hadamard graphs

Author

Nicolas Crampé, Luc Vinet, Krystal Guo, Institut Denis Poisson (IDP), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Tours (UT)-Université d'Orléans (UO), Centre de Recherches Mathématiques [Montréal] (CRM), Université de Montréal (UdeM), Laboratoire Charles Coulomb (L2C), Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), The research of LV is funded in part by a Discovery Grant from the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council (NSERC) of Canada., and Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Tours-Université d'Orléans (UO)

Subjects
Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Pure mathematics, FOS: Physical sciences, 05E30, 05C50, 15A18, 33C45, 81P40, Quantum entanglement, 01 natural sciences, Hadamard transform, 0103 physical sciences, FOS: Mathematics, Mathematics - Combinatorics, lcsh:Nuclear and particle physics. Atomic energy. Radioactivity, 0101 mathematics, Algebraic number, 010306 general physics, Entropy (arrow of time), Mathematical Physics, Condensed Matter - Statistical Mechanics, Physics, [PHYS]Physics [physics], Tridiagonal matrix, Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech), 010102 general mathematics, Fermion, Mathematical Physics (math-ph), Vertex (geometry), lcsh:QC770-798, Combinatorics (math.CO), Ground state
Abstract

24 pages, 37 ref.; International audience; Free Fermions on vertices of distance-regular graphs are considered. Bipartitions are defined by taking as one part all vertices at a given distance from a reference vertex. The ground state is constructed by filling all states below a certain energy. Borrowing concepts from time and band limiting problems, algebraic Heun operators and Terwilliger algebras, it is shown how to obtain, quite generally, a block tridiagonal matrix that commutes with the entanglement Hamiltonian. The case of the Hadamard graphs is studied in detail within that framework and the existence of the commuting matrix is shown to allow for an analytic diagonalization of the restricted two-point correlation matrix and hence for an explicit determination of the entanglement entropy.

Published
2020

12. Joint Europa Mission (JEM) a multi-scale study of Europa to characterize its habitability and search for extant life

Author

David Gaudin, Federico Tosi, David Mimoun, Luisa Lara, Joachim Saur, Ralph D. Lorenz, Krishan K. Khurana, Veerle Sterken, Hauke Hussmann, Norbert Krupp, Sascha Kempf, William Desprats, Philippe Garnier, Ralf Srama, Geoffrey Colins, Jérémie Lasue, Jan-Erik Wahlund, Aljona Blöcker, Katrin Stephan, Antonio Genova, Marcello Coradini, Dominique Fontaine, Andrea Longobardo, Luciano Iess, Peter Wurz, Jean-Pierre Lebreton, Dominic Dirkx, Frances Westall, Steve Vance, Michel Blanc, Leonid I. Gurvits, Cyril Cavel, Adam Masters, Gaël Choblet, Roland Wagner, Adrian Jäggi, Károly Szegő, O. Prieto-Ballesteros, Zita Martins, Jean-Charles Marty, Victor Parro, Pascal Regnier, Edward C. Sittler, Tilman Spohn, Renaud Broquet, Javier Gómez-Elvira, Georges Balmino, François Leblanc, Nicolas André, Martin Volwerk, Paul Hartogh, Philippe Martins, Adriaan Schutte, Geraint H. Jones, John F. Cooper, Ernesto Palumba, Tim Van Hoolst, Emma J. Bunce, Valery Lainey, The Royal Society, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (France), Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad (España), European Commission, Tosi, F. [0000-0003-4002-2434], Prieto Ballesteros, O. [0000-0002-2278-1210], Longobardo, A. [0000-0002-1797-2741], Van Hoolst, T. [0000-0002-9820-8584], Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad (MINECO), Unidad de Excelencia María de Maeztu Centro de Astrobiología del Instituto Nacional de Técnica Aeroespacial y CSIC, Institut de recherche en astrophysique et planétologie (IRAP), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centro de Astrobiologia [Madrid] (CAB), Instituto Nacional de Técnica Aeroespacial (INTA)-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas [Madrid] (CSIC), Mullard Space Science Laboratory (MSSL), University College of London [London] (UCL), Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule - Swiss Federal Institute of Technology [Zürich] (ETH Zürich), Astronomical Institute [Bern], University of Bern, Institut Supérieur de l'Aéronautique et de l'Espace (ISAE-SUPAERO), Joint Institute for VLBI in Europe (JIVE ERIC), Technische Universiteit Delft (TU Delft), CSIRO Astronomy and Space Science, Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation [Canberra] (CSIRO), Institute of Geophysics and Planetary Physics [Los Angeles] (IGPP), University of California [Los Angeles] (UCLA), University of California-University of California, Royal Institute of Technology [Stockholm] (KTH ), Airbus Defence and Space, Airbus Group, University of Leicester, Laboratoire de Planétologie et Géodynamique [UMR 6112] (LPG), Université d'Angers (UA)-Université de Nantes - UFR des Sciences et des Techniques (UN UFR ST), Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Nantes (UN)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Wheaton College [Norton], Cyprus Space Exploration Organisation (CSEO), NASA Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), Delft University of Technology (TU Delft), Laboratoire de Physique des Plasmas (LPP), Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-École polytechnique (X)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Max-Planck-Institut für Sonnensystemforschung (MPS), Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Università degli Studi di Roma 'La Sapienza' = Sapienza University [Rome], Laboratory for Atmospheric and Space Physics [Boulder] (LASP), University of Colorado [Boulder], Instituto de Astrofísica de Andalucía (IAA), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas [Madrid] (CSIC), Institut de Mécanique Céleste et de Calcul des Ephémérides (IMCCE), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Lille-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), HELIOS - LATMOS, Laboratoire Atmosphères, Milieux, Observations Spatiales (LATMOS), Sorbonne Université (SU)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS), Laboratoire de Physique et Chimie de l'Environnement et de l'Espace (LPC2E), Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers en région Centre (OSUC), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National d’Études Spatiales [Paris] (CNES), Istituto di Astrofisica e Planetologia Spaziali - INAF (IAPS), Istituto Nazionale di Astrofisica (INAF), Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory [Laurel, MD] (APL), Télécom ParisTech, Universidade de Lisboa (ULISBOA), Imperial College London, Universität zu Köln, Square Kilometre Array Organisation (SKA), Deutsches Zentrum für Luft- und Raumfahrt (DLR), Wigner Research Centre for Physics [Budapest], Hungarian Academy of Sciences (MTA), Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL), NASA-California Institute of Technology (CALTECH), Royal Observatory of Belgium [Brussels] (ROB), Space Research Institute of Austrian Academy of Sciences (IWF), Austrian Academy of Sciences (OeAW), Centre de biophysique moléculaire (CBM), Université d'Orléans (UO)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC), Unidad de Excelencia Científica María de Maeztu Centro de Astrobiología del Instituto Nacional de Técnica Aeroespacial y CSIC, MDM-2017-0737, Agencia Estatal de Investigación (AEI), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), University of California (UC)-University of California (UC), Airbus Defence and Space [Les Mureaux], ASTRIUM, Max-Planck-Institut für Sonnensystemforschung = Max Planck Institute for Solar System Research (MPS), Università degli Studi di Roma 'La Sapienza' = Sapienza University [Rome] (UNIROMA), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Universidade de Lisboa = University of Lisbon (ULISBOA), Universität zu Köln = University of Cologne, Université d'Orléans (UO)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut Supérieur de l'Aéronautique et de l'Espace - ISAE-SUPAERO (FRANCE), Cardon, Catherine, Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), and Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
Solar System, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Outer planets exploration, Habitability, HUYGENS PROBE, Europa mission, Mission, 01 natural sciences, 7. Clean energy, Astrobiology, law.invention, Extant taxon, SULFURIC-ACID, law, Galileo (satellite navigation), 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, Europa Orbiter, INSTRUMENT, SECONDARY, PLUME, HYDRATED SALT MINERALS, Physical Sciences, symbols, Europa, Jupiter system, SURFACE, Astronomy & Astrophysics, [SDU] Sciences of the Universe [physics], symbols.namesake, Orbiter, Search for life, 0103 physical sciences, Ocean moon, 0201 Astronomical and Space Sciences, Astrophysique, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Science & Technology, Galilean Satellites, Scale (chemistry), Astronomy and Astrophysics, ATMOSPHERE, EVOLUTION, 13. Climate action, Space and Planetary Science, [SDU]Sciences of the Universe [physics], Environmental science, Joint (building), habitability, jupiter system, ocean moon, outer planets exploration, search for life, SATELLITES
Abstract

Full list of authors: Blanc, Michel; Prieto-Ballesteros, Olga; André, Nicolas; Gomez-Elvira, Javier; Jones, Geraint; Sterken, Veerle; Desprats, William; Gurvits, Leonid I.; Khurana, Krishan; Balmino, Georges; Blöcker, Aljona; Broquet, Renaud; Bunce, Emma; Cavel, Cyril; Choblet, Gaël; Colins, Geoffrey; Coradini, Marcello; Cooper, John; Dirkx, Dominic; Fontaine, Dominique; Garnier, Philippe; Gaudin, David; Hartogh, Paul; Hussmann, Hauke; Genova, Antonio; Iess, Luciano; Jäggi, Adrian; Kempf, Sascha; Krupp, Norbert; Lara, Luisa; Lasue, Jérémie; Lainey, Valéry; Leblanc, François; Lebreton, Jean-Pierre; Longobardo, Andrea; Lorenz, Ralph; Martins, Philippe; Martins, Zita; Marty, Jean-Charles; Masters, Adam; Mimoun, David; Palumba, Ernesto; Parro, Victor; Regnier, Pascal; Saur, Joachim; Schutte, Adriaan; Sittler, Edward C.; Spohn, Tilman; Srama, Ralf; Stephan, Katrin; Szegő, Károly; Tosi, Federico; Vance, Steve; Wagner, Roland; Van Hoolst, Tim; Volwerk, Martin; Wahlund, Jan-Erik; Westall, Frances; Wurz, Peter, Europa is the closest and probably the most promising target to search for extant life in the Solar System, based on complementary evidence that it may fulfil the key criteria for habitability: the Galileo discovery of a sub-surface ocean; the many indications that the ice shell is active and may be partly permeable to transfer of chemical species, biomolecules and elementary forms of life; the identification of candidate thermal and chemical energy sources necessary to drive a metabolic activity near the ocean floor. In this article we are proposing that ESA collaborates with NASA to design and fly jointly an ambitious and exciting planetary mission, which we call the Joint Europa Mission (JEM), to reach two objectives: perform a full characterization of Europa's habitability with the capabilities of a Europa orbiter, and search for bio-signatures in the environment of Europa (surface, subsurface and exosphere) by the combination of an orbiter and a lander. JEM can build on the advanced understanding of this system which the missions preceding JEM will provide: Juno, JUICE and Europa Clipper, and on the Europa lander concept currently designed by NASA (Maize, report to OPAG, 2019). We propose the following overarching goals for our Joint Europa Mission (JEM): Understand Europa as a complex system responding to Jupiter system forcing, characterize the habitability of its potential biosphere, and search for life at its surface and in its sub-surface and exosphere. We address these goals by a combination of five Priority Scientific Objectives, each with focused measurement objectives providing detailed constraints on the science payloads and on the platforms used by the mission. The JEM observation strategy will combine three types of scientific measurement sequences: measurements on a high-latitude, low-altitude Europan orbit; in-situ measurements to be performed at the surface, using a soft lander; and measurements during the final descent to Europa's surface. The implementation of these three observation sequences will rest on the combination of two science platforms: a soft lander to perform all scientific measurements at the surface and sub-surface at a selected landing site, and an orbiter to perform the orbital survey and descent sequences. We describe a science payload for the lander and orbiter that will meet our science objectives. We propose an innovative distribution of roles for NASA and ESA; while NASA would provide an SLS launcher, the lander stack and most of the mission operations, ESA would provide the carrier-orbiter-relay platform and a stand-alone astrobiology module for the characterization of life at Europa's surface: the Astrobiology Wet Laboratory (AWL). Following this approach, JEM will be a major exciting joint venture to the outer Solar System of NASA and ESA, working together toward one of the most exciting scientific endeavours of the 21st century: to search for life beyond our own planet. © 2020, The authors received support from the sponsors of their home institutions during the development of their projects, particularly at the two institutes leading this effort: at IRAP, Toulouse, MB and NA acknowledge the support of CNRS, University Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier and CNES. At CAB, Madrid, OPB and JGE acknowledge the support of INTA and Spanish MINECO project ESP2014-55811-C2-1-P and ESP2017-89053-C2-1-P and the AEI project MDM-2017-0737 Unidad de Excelencia "Maria de Maeztu". We would also like to extend special thanks to the PASO of CNES for its precious assistance and expertise in the design of the mission scenario.

Published
2020

13. Impact of taxes and investment incentive on the development of renewable energy self-consumption: French household’s case study

Author

Vincent Gerbaud, Ludovic Montastruc, Philippe Etur, Anastasia Roth, Marianne Boix, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - CNRS (FRANCE), Institut National Polytechnique de Toulouse - Toulouse INP (FRANCE), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier - UT3 (FRANCE), Valorem (FRANCE), Laboratoire de génie chimique [ancien site de Basso-Cambo] (LGC), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, Valorem, Laboratoire Orléanais de Gestion (1998-2011) (LOG), and Université d'Orléans (UO)-Université d'Orléans (UO)

Subjects
Energy self-consumption, Energy management, 020209 energy, Strategy and Management, Context (language use), 02 engineering and technology, 7. Clean energy, Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering, Modelling, [CHIM.GENI]Chemical Sciences/Chemical engineering, Order (exchange), 0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering, Production (economics), Génie chimique, [SPI.GPROC]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Chemical and Process Engineering, Génie des procédés, 0505 law, General Environmental Science, MILP, Consumption (economics), Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment, business.industry, 05 social sciences, Grid-connected, Environmental economics, Investment (macroeconomics), Renewable energy, Hybrid renewable energy systems, Incentive, 050501 criminology, Business
Abstract

International audience; Mutations in the energy sector are shifting the production and distribution systems from a centralized to a decentralized model. Within this context, we address the economics of grid-connected Hybrid Renewable Energy Systems (HRES) in relation with energy management strategies by considering taxes and economic regulation frameworks. Therefore, we propose a model to perform economic analysis of such HRES formulated as a MILP (Mixed Integer Linear Programming) model in the context of the French regulation. We test it on the case study of an integrated PV installation for French households’ self-consumption, comparing two household sizes: a two persons household with a consumption of 4000 kWh/year and a five persons household consuming 8500 kWh/year; and two solar exposures: one of 1400 h of equivalent maximum production and one of 1060 h. The main results is that the current regulation framework for incentive calculus does not encourage citizens to install a maximum of PV panels as well as it does not guarantee a uniform development of self-consumption infrastructure. Alternatively, we propose a new regulation framework in order to reverse those tendencies.

Published
2020

14. Modernist enamels: Composition, microstructure and stability

Author

Trinitat Pradell, Fiona Brock, Oriol Vallcorba, Martí Beltrán, Bernard Gratuze, Nadine Schibille, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya. Doctorat en Física Computacional i Aplicada, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya. Departament de Física, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya. GCM - Grup de Caracterització de Materials, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya [Barcelona] (UPC), IRAMAT - Centre Ernest Babelon (IRAMAT-CEB), Institut de Recherches sur les Archéomatériaux (IRAMAT), Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Bordeaux Montaigne-Université de Technologie de Belfort-Montbeliard (UTBM)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Bordeaux Montaigne-Université de Technologie de Belfort-Montbeliard (UTBM), Research Laboratory for Archaeology and the History of Art [Oxford], University of Oxford [Oxford], and ALBA Synchrotron light source [Barcelone]

Subjects
Pigments, Materials science, [SHS.ARCHEO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Archaeology and Prehistory, microstructure, chemistry.chemical_element, Esmalts vidrats, Física::Física de l'estat sòlid [Àrees temàtiques de la UPC], 02 engineering and technology, engineering.material, borosilicate glass, 01 natural sciences, Corrosion, [SHS]Humanities and Social Sciences, Borosilicate glass, 0103 physical sciences, Materials Chemistry, [CHIM]Chemical Sciences, Boron, Microstructure, 010302 applied physics, Metallurgy, Spinel, Lead zinc, [CHIM.MATE]Chemical Sciences/Material chemistry, [SHS.ART]Humanities and Social Sciences/Art and art history, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, Copper, Amorphous solid, Colourants, Zinc, chemistry, Lead, Ceramics and Composites, engineering, 0210 nano-technology, Atmospheric corrosion, Cobalt
Abstract

International audience; Coloured enamels from the materials used in Modernist workshops from Barcelona were produced and compared to those found in the buildings to explore the reason for the reduced stability of the blue and green enamels.They were made of a lead-zinc borosilicate glass with a low softening point, reasonable stability to corrosion and matching thermal expansion coefficient with the blown base glass, mixed with colourants and pigment particles. The historical enamels show a lead, boron and zinc depleted silica rich amorphous glass, with precipitated lead and calcium sulphates or carbonates, characteristic of extensive atmospheric corrosion. The blue and green enamels show a heterogeneous layered microstructure more prone to degradation which is augmented by a greater heating and thermal stress affectation produced by the enhanced Infrared absorbance of blue tetrahedral cobalt colour centres and copper ions dissolved in the glass and, in particular, of the cobalt spinel particles.

Published
2020

15. Logarithmic terms in entropy of Schwarzschild black holes in higher loops

Author

Sergey N. Solodukhin, Institut Denis Poisson (IDP), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Tours (UT)-Université d'Orléans (UO), and Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Tours-Université d'Orléans (UO)

Subjects
High Energy Physics - Theory, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Logarithm, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, FOS: Physical sciences, General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc), 01 natural sciences, General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology, Physical cosmology, Theoretical physics, 0103 physical sciences, 010306 general physics, Quantum, Entropy (arrow of time), [PHYS]Physics [physics], Physics, [PHYS.HTHE]Physics [physics]/High Energy Physics - Theory [hep-th], 010308 nuclear & particles physics, Graviton, Fermion, lcsh:QC1-999, High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th), Quantum gravity, Schwarzschild radius, lcsh:Physics
Abstract

The Bekenstein-Hawking (BH) entropy is expected to be modified by certain correction terms in the quantum loop expansion. As is well known the logarithmic terms in the entropy of black holes appear as a one-loop addition to the classical BH entropy. In this note we study the further modifications of the logarithmic terms in the entropy of the Schwarzschild black holes due to higher quantum loops: up to three loops in a general renormalizable theory of gauge fields, scalars and fermions and two loops in quantum gravity. For a large class of field multiplets (including that of the Standard Model) that include graviton and for a certain range in the values of the couplings these modifications manifest themselves in cooling down the black holes at later stages of evaporation and, respectively, in increasing the life time of the black hole. If this picture persists to even higher loops, then the small black holes formed in the early stages of the cosmic evolution do not evaporate completely by now as is predicted in the standard picture. Instead, their long-lived (Planckian mass) remnants should present in abundance in today's Universe., Comment: 12 pages; more comments and references added, to appear in Phys. Lett. B

Published
2020

16. Understanding volcanic systems and their dynamics combining field and physical volcanology with petrology studies

Author

Marco Pistolesi, Raffaello Cioni, Bruno Scaillet, Massimo Pompilio, Università degli Studi di Firenze = University of Florence [Firenze] (UNIFI), University of Pisa - Università di Pisa, Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia – Sezione di Pisa (INGV), Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Institut des Sciences de la Terre d'Orléans - UMR7327 (ISTO), Bureau de Recherches Géologiques et Minières (BRGM) (BRGM)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers en région Centre (OSUC), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Magma - UMR7327, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Bureau de Recherches Géologiques et Minières (BRGM) (BRGM)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers en région Centre (OSUC), ANR-10-LABX-0100,VOLTAIRE,Geofluids and Volatil elements – Earth, Atmosphere, Interfaces – Resources and Environment(2010), and ANR-11-EQPX-0036,PLANEX,Planète Expérimentation: simulation et analyse in-situ en conditions extrêmes(2011)

Subjects
geography, Experimental petrology, Data collection, geography.geographical_feature_category, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Volcanology, Hazard analysis, 010502 geochemistry & geophysics, 01 natural sciences, Field (geography), Volcano geology, Volcano, [SDU]Sciences of the Universe [physics], Physical volcanology, Dynamics of magmatic processes, Volcanic systems, Petrology, Intensive and extensive properties, Geology, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences
Abstract

International audience; Hazard assessment and definition of the eruptive scenarios at active volcanoes are mostly based on the elaboration of a large set of information collected with different disciplines and multiple analytical approaches. We discuss here how the reconstruction of the main processes acting at a volcano during its life should be based on the direct knowledge of its activity and products, in the view that each volcano is characterized by its own “personality.” Comparison with analogue volcanoes can add further important information on the expected variability of the different processes, but this should never substitute specific data collection at the volcano of interest. Field volcanology and petrology studies are the base for collecting large datasets on past, recent, and on-going activities and products. Based on these data, intensive and extensive physical parameters that control the dynamics of the activity can then be derived through focused physical volcanology investigations. Experimental petrology on the products of well-characterized eruptions finally returns a set of additional physical and compositional parameters that heavily contribute to enlarge our knowledge of the activity and evolution of a given volcano.

Published
2020

17. Ancient and medieval Iberia seen through glass: An archaeometric perspective

Author

Jorge de Juan Ares, Nadine Schibille, Centro de Arqueologia da Universidade de Lisboa (UNIARQ), Universidade de Lisboa (ULISBOA), IRAMAT - Centre Ernest Babelon (IRAMAT-CEB), Institut de Recherches sur les Archéomatériaux (IRAMAT), and Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Bordeaux Montaigne-Université de Technologie de Belfort-Montbeliard (UTBM)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Bordeaux Montaigne-Université de Technologie de Belfort-Montbeliard (UTBM)

Subjects
010506 paleontology, History, 060102 archaeology, [SHS.ARCHEO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Archaeology and Prehistory, Chemical composition, 06 humanities and the arts, [CHIM.MATE]Chemical Sciences/Material chemistry, 16. Peace & justice, 01 natural sciences, Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering, Archaeometry, Historia, lcsh:TP785-869, lcsh:Clay industries. Ceramics. Glass, Mechanics of Materials, Arqueometría, Ceramics and Composites, Composición química, 0601 history and archaeology, Glass, Vidrio, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences
Abstract

International audience; The study of ancient and medieval glasses has identified distinct compositional groups as a result of the chemical characteristics of the raw materials used for its production. Archaeometric analysis can determine the provenance of the glass, and has demonstrated a large-scale production and commercialisation of raw glass throughout the Mediterranean during the ancient and medieval periods. Secondary workshops on the Iberian Peninsula imported raw glass from the Near East for the better part of the first millennium CE, following a similar pattern observed elsewhere in the Mediterranean region. However, there are some indications that point to a local production of glass and that deserve further investigation. In the ninth century, natron glass was replaced in al-Ándalus by plant ash and lead-rich glass that may represent a local production. Little is known about the production or use of glass in the Christian parts of the peninsula during this period.The increasing volume of analytical data on Spanish glass demonstrates the potential of an archaeometric approach to shed light not only on the production and trade of glass on the Iberian Peninsula but also on the ancient and medieval economy more generally.; El estudio del vidrio antiguo y medieval ha permitido identificar distintos grupos composicionales que son resultado de las características químicas de las materias primas empleadas en su fabricación. Los análisis arqueométricos permiten determinar la procedencia del vidrio, demostrando que el vidrio primario fue producido y comercializado a gran escala a través del Mediterráneo durante la Antigüedad y la Edad Media. Los talleres hispanos importaron vidrio primario desde Próximo Oriente durante la mayor parte del primer milenio d. C. siguiendo un patrón paralelo al resto del Mediterráneo. Sin embargo, algunos indicios señalan que pudieron convivir con vidrios de fabricación local que merecen ser investigados. En el siglo IX el vidrio de natrón fue sustituido en al-Ándalus por vidrios elaborados con cenizas vegetales y plomo, posiblemente de producción local. Poco se conoce sobre el uso y la producción de vidrio en este periodo para el mundo cristiano peninsular.El creciente volumen de datos analíticos demuestra el potencial de la arqueometría para profundizar en el conocimiento sobre la producción y comercialización del vidrio en la Península Ibérica en particular, y la economía antigua y medieval en general.

Published
2017

18. FRB 121102 casts new light on the photon mass

Author

Nikolaos Mavromatos, Alessandro D. A. M. Spallicci, John Ellis, Luca Bonetti, Edward K. Sarkisyan-Grinbaum, Alexander S. Sakharov, Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers en région Centre (OSUC), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire de Physique et Chimie de l'Environnement et de l'Espace (LPC2E), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National d’Études Spatiales [Paris] (CNES), Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL), NASA-California Institute of Technology (CALTECH), Physics Department, King‘s College London, Theoretical Physics Department, CERN [Genève], Experimental Physics Department, Manhattan College, Department of Physics [New York], New York University [New York] (NYU), and NYU System (NYU)-NYU System (NYU)

Subjects
Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Astrophysics and Astronomy, Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO), Photon, Milky Way, FOS: Physical sciences, Astrophysics, 01 natural sciences, High Energy Physics - Experiment, High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex), High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph), 0103 physical sciences, Dispersion (optics), 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, Particle Physics - Phenomenology, High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE), Physics, astro-ph.HE, [SDU.ASTR]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph], 010308 nuclear & particles physics, hep-ex, hep-ph, Plasma, Redshift, Galaxy, lcsh:QC1-999, High Energy Physics - Phenomenology, Intergalactic medium, astro-ph.CO, Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, [PHYS.ASTR]Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph], Particle Physics - Experiment, lcsh:Physics, Astrophysics - Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics
Abstract

The photon mass, $m_\gamma$, can in principle be constrained using measurements of the dispersion measures (DMs) of fast radio bursts (FRBs), once the FRB redshifts are known. The DM of the repeating FRB 121102 is known to $< 1$\%, a host galaxy has now been identified with high confidence,and its redshift, $z$, has now been determined with high accuracy: $z = 0.19273(8)$. Taking into account the plasma contributions to the DM from the Intergalactic medium (IGM) and the Milky Way, we use the data on FRB 121102 to derive the constraint $m_\gamma \lesssim 2.2 \times 10^{-14}$ eV c$^{-2}$ ($3.9 \times 10^{-50}$ kg). Since the plasma and photon mass contributions to DMs have different redshift dependences, they could in principle be distinguished by measurements of more FRB redshifts, enabling the sensitivity to $m_\gamma$ to be improved., Comment: 9 pages, 1 figure, version to appear in PLB

Published
2017

19. Structural and biological characteristics of different forms of V. filiformis lipid A: use of MS to highlight structural discrepancies

Author

Alexey Novikov, Martine Caroff, Pierre Tissieres, Richard Martin, Aude Breton, Conditions Extrêmes et Matériaux : Haute Température et Irradiation (CEMHTI), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Université d'Orléans (UO), School of Medicine, University of Patras [Greece], UMR9196, Physiologie et Pathologie Moléculaires des Rétrovirus Endogènes et Infectieux, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), APHP, Pediatric ICU and Neonatal Medicine, Hôpitaux Universitaires Paris Sud, Institut de Biologie Intégrative de la Cellule (I2BC), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), LPS-BioSciences, Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11), Université d'Orléans (UO)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), University of Patras, Physiologie et physiopathologie des rétrovirus endogènes et infectieux (RETRO-ENDO), Institut Gustave Roussy (IGR)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Hôpitaux Universitaires Paris Sud [AP-HP] (HUPS)

Subjects
Lipopolysaccharides, 0301 basic medicine, skin, MICROBIO, Lipopolysaccharide, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], 030106 microbiology, Disaccharide, Caspase 3, QD415-436, Disaccharides, Biochemistry, Cell Line, Lipid A, 03 medical and health sciences, chemistry.chemical_compound, Endocrinology, Humans, Secretion, Research Articles, mass spectrometry, chemistry.chemical_classification, Reactive oxygen species, biology, Interleukin-6, Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha, lipopolysaccharide, lipid biochemistry, Cell Biology, V. filiformis, biology.organism_classification, Phosphate, 6. Clean water, cytokines, 030104 developmental biology, ESHR, chemistry, Ethanolamines, Vitreoscilla, toll-like receptor, Reactive Oxygen Species, Bacteria
Abstract

Vitreoscilla filiformis is a Gram-negative bacterium isolated from spa waters and described for its beneficial effects on the skin. We characterized the detailed structure of its lipopolysaccharide (LPS) lipid A moiety, an active component of the bacterium that contributes to the observed skin activation properties. Two different batches differing in postculture cell recovery were tested. Chemical analyses and mass spectra, obtained before and after mild-alkali treatments, revealed that these lipids A share the common bisphosphorylated β-(1→6)-linked d-glucosamine disaccharide with hydroxydecanoic acid in an amide linkage. Short-chain FAs, hydroxydecanoic and dodecanoic acid, were found in a 2:1 ratio. The two lipid A structures differed by the relative amount of the hexa-acyl molecular species and phosphoethanolamine substitution of the phosphate groups. The two V. filiformis LPS batches induced variable interleukin-6 and TNF-α secretion by stimulated myelomonocytic THP-1 cells, without any difference in reactive oxygen species production or activation of caspase 3/7. Other different well-known highly purified LPS samples were characterized structurally and used as standards. The structural data obtained in this work explain the low inflammatory response observed for V. filiformis LPS and the previously demonstrated beneficial effects on the skin.

Published
2017

20. Influence of water content on the mechanical and chemical properties of tropical wood species

Author

Jena Jeong, Domingos De Sousa Meneses, Elambo George Nkeng, Rachel Raïssa Ngono Mvondo, Pierre Meukam, University of Yaoundé [Cameroun], National Advanced School of Engineering (University of Yaounde I), École Spéciale des Travaux Publics, du Bâtiment et de l'Industrie [Paris] (ESTP ), Conditions Extrêmes et Matériaux : Haute Température et Irradiation (CEMHTI), Université d'Orléans (UO)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université d'Orléans (UO), and Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Université d'Orléans (UO)

Subjects
biology, 020502 materials, Milicia excelsa, General Physics and Astronomy, 02 engineering and technology, [CHIM.MATE]Chemical Sciences/Material chemistry, 15. Life on land, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, biology.organism_classification, lcsh:QC1-999, chemistry.chemical_compound, Horticulture, 0205 materials engineering, chemistry, Flexural strength, Erythrophleum suaveolens, Ultimate tensile strength, Lignin, Nauclea diderrichii, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, 0210 nano-technology, Water content, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, lcsh:Physics
Abstract

This paper aims to study the mechanical behavior and surface chemistry in relationship with moisture content of Iroko (Milicia excelsa), Bilinga (Nauclea diderrichii), and Tali (Erythrophleum suaveolens). Mechanical characterization was done experimentally using tensile and bending tests. Chemical semi quantitative analysis of the wood at 10%, 15%, 20% and 30% of moisture content was investigated using attenuated total reflectance Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. The main chemical functions involved by the presence of water were identified as well as the other functional groups. The ratio between lignin and carbohydrates was estimated for all the wood species. The results indicated a negative correlation in the relation between moisture content and mechanical properties. Tali had the higher bending strength while Iroko had the lowest value. The average percentage change rate of the Young’s moduli induced by 1% of moisture content changes, especially between 10% and 20%, varied with the wood species: 1.69% in Tali, 1.65% in Bilinga and 2.54% in Iroko approximately. The infrared spectra obtained differed among species. The results also showed that Iroko contained higher lignin and were the least sustainable according to mechanical properties. The bands at 3340 cm−1 and 1635 cm−1 were more impacted by moisture content. Keywords: Tropical wood, Chemical component, Strength, Moisture content, ATR-FTIR

Published
2017

21. Numerical and experimental analysis of combustion in microchannels with controlled temperature

Author

Michele Alessandro Bucci, Sergio Chibbaro, Christian Chauveau, Guillaume Legros, A. Di Stazio, P. Dagaut, Guillaume Dayma, Institut Jean Le Rond d'Alembert (DALEMBERT), Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de Combustion, Aérothermique, Réactivité et Environnement (ICARE), Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut des Sciences de l'Ingénierie et des Systèmes (INSIS - CNRS), European Project: 291049,EC:FP7:ERC,ERC-2011-ADG_20110209,2G-CSAFE(2011), and Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut des Sciences de l'Ingénierie et des Systèmes (INSIS)-Université d'Orléans (UO)

Subjects
Microchannel, microcombustion, 020209 energy, General Chemical Engineering, [SPI.FLUID]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Reactive fluid environment, numerical modelling, lcsh:TP155-156, 02 engineering and technology, General Chemistry, Mechanics, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, Combustion, Instability, Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering, Robustness (computer science), 0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering, Calibration, Point (geometry), microchannel, lcsh:Chemical engineering, 0210 nano-technology, Joint (geology), Equivalence ratio, flame dynamics
Abstract

This paper reports on joint experimental-numerical investigations of flame dynamics in a microchannel of diameter 1.85 mm. Experiments show that decreasing the diameter of the channel helps the arising of the FREI instability. Yet leaning the mixture is found to be a mean to make the flame more stable. The numerical model used is based on two- dimensional thermo-diffusive equations with one-step chemistry, and it is tested against the experimental results without any calibration. The model turns out to reproduce in a satisfactory manner all the features from a qualitative point of view, and most of them from a quantitative point of view, showing robustness not only with respect to geometry but also to equivalence ratio changes. Nonetheless, while the analysis of frequencies of the FREI instability shows a qualitative agreement, a quantitative discrepancy is unfold. The results suggest that instabilities in microcombustion of CH4/air are fundamentally triggered by hydrodynamics. Keywords: Microcombustion, Flame dynamics, Numerical modelling

Published
2019

22. Potential use of biochar, compost and iron grit associated with Trifolium repens to stabilize Pb and As on a multi-contaminated technosol

Author

O. Lahwegue, Fabienne Battaglia-Brunet, Manhattan Lebrun, Stéphane Sabatier, Marie Gaillard, Domenico Morabito, Romain Nandillon, Florie Miard, Sylvain Bourgerie, Laboratoire de Biologie des Ligneux et des Grandes Cultures (LBLGC), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université d'Orléans (UO), Institut des Sciences de la Terre d'Orléans - UMR7327 (ISTO), Bureau de Recherches Géologiques et Minières (BRGM) (BRGM)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers en région Centre (OSUC), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), IDDEA (IDDEA), Biogéosystèmes Continentaux - UMR7327, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Bureau de Recherches Géologiques et Minières (BRGM) (BRGM)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers en région Centre (OSUC), University of Molise [Campobasso] (UNIMOL), University of Molise, Bureau de Recherches Géologiques et Minières (BRGM) (BRGM), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, PSL Research University (PSL)-PSL Research University (PSL)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, PSL Research University (PSL)-PSL Research University (PSL)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), PSL Research University (PSL)-PSL Research University (PSL)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Bureau de Recherches Géologiques et Minières (BRGM) (BRGM)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers en région Centre (OSUC), PSL Research University (PSL)-PSL Research University (PSL)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Observatoire de Paris, PSL Research University (PSL)-PSL Research University (PSL)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and PSL Research University (PSL)-PSL Research University (PSL)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Bureau de Recherches Géologiques et Minières (BRGM) (BRGM)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers en région Centre (OSUC)

Subjects
Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis, Iron, 0211 other engineering and technologies, Amendment, chemistry.chemical_element, 02 engineering and technology, Technosol, 010501 environmental sciences, engineering.material, Dispersion (geology), 01 natural sciences, Mining, Biocha, Arsenic, Soil, Biochar, Soil Pollutants, rCompostIron gritmetal(loid)s, Environmental Restoration and Remediation, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, 2. Zero hunger, Pollutant, 021110 strategic, defence & security studies, biology, Chemistry, Compost, Composting, Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health, General Medicine, biology.organism_classification, Pollution, 6. Clean water, Phytomanagemen, Lead, [SDU]Sciences of the Universe [physics], Environmental chemistry, Charcoal, tTrifolium, Trifolium repens, engineering, Trifolium
Abstract

International audience; Vegetation cover can be used in the phytomanagement of polluted areas by adding value to abandoned sites and reducing the dispersion of pollutants by erosion. Appropriate amendments, that allow both efficient plant growth and the immobilization of contaminants in the soil must be chosen in order to optimize the efficiency of this process. We used a mining technosol mainly contaminated by arsenic (1068 mg kg−1) and lead (23387 mg kg−1) to study the effect of three amendments (biochar, compost and iron grit) on (i) physico-chemical properties of the soil and soil pore water, (ii) metal(loid) mobility, bioavailability and bioaccessibility (CaCl2 and Simple Bioaccessibility Extraction Test (SBET)), and (iii) the capability of Trifolium repens to germinate and grow. All the amendments used increased the pH and electrical conductivity of the SPW, resulting in a 90% decrease in the concentration of lead in the soil pore water (SPW). We also demonstrated a decrease in Pb phytoavailability. The amendments allowed the establishment of a plant cover, although the addition of iron grit alone did not allow any clover germination. For the Pontgibaud technosol, the combination of the three amendments resulted in a significant decrease in As and Pb concentrations in clover tissues, mainly in the aerial organs. The amendments also made it possible for some of them to halve the phytoavailable fraction of arsenic. However, for compost, both the As concentrations in the SPW, and the bioavailable fraction of As increased. All the amendments used had contrasting effects on the bioaccessible fractions of metal(loid)s. The most efficient amendment combination was the addition of 5% biochar and 5% compost.

Published
2019

23. Conformal magnetic effect at the edge: A numerical study in scalar QED

Author

M. N. Chernodub, Vladimir Alexandrovich Goy, Alexander Molochkov, Institut Denis Poisson (IDP), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Tours-Université d'Orléans (UO), Laboratory of Physics of Living Matter [Vladivostok], School of Biomedicine [Vladivostok], Far Eastern Federal University (FEFU)-Far Eastern Federal University (FEFU), and Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Tours (UT)-Université d'Orléans (UO)

Subjects
High Energy Physics - Theory, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, conformal anomaly, Conformal anomaly, FOS: Physical sciences, Conformal map, 01 natural sciences, Electric charge, High Energy Physics - Lattice, Conformal symmetry, 0103 physical sciences, Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall), lattice gauge theory, 010306 general physics, Physics, Condensed Matter - Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, High Energy Physics - Lattice (hep-lat), Magnetostatics, lcsh:QC1-999, Magnetic field, High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th), Quantum electrodynamics, anomalous transport, [PHYS.HPHE]Physics [physics]/High Energy Physics - Phenomenology [hep-ph], Electric current, [PHYS.COND.CM-SCE]Physics [physics]/Condensed Matter [cond-mat]/Strongly Correlated Electrons [cond-mat.str-el], Current density, scalar quantum electrodynamics, lcsh:Physics
Abstract

Quantum polarization effects associated with the conformal anomaly in a static magnetic field background may generate a transverse electric current in the vacuum. The current may be produced either in an unbounded curved spacetime or in a flat spacetime in a physically bounded system. In both cases, the magnitude of the electric current is proportional to the beta-function associated with renormalization of the electric charge. In our article, we investigate the electric current density induced by the magnetic field in the vicinity of a Dirichlet boundary in the scalar QED. Using first-principle lattice simulations we show that the electric current, generated by this `conformal magnetic effect at the edge' (CMEE), is well described by the conformal anomaly provided the conformal symmetry is classically unbroken. Outside of the conformal limit, the current density is characterized by an anomalous power law near the edge of the system and by an exponential suppression of the current far away from the edge., Comment: 7 pages, 5 figures

Published
2019

24. Corrigendum to 'Tritium retention in w plasma-facing materials: Impact of the material structure and helium irradiation' [Nucl. Mater. Energy 2019; 19: 403–410], Nuclear Materials and Energy, 22, 100729 (2020)

Author

Ryuichi Sakamoto, Hiroshi Yamada, Matt Thompson, S. Garcia-Argote, V. V. Burwitz, Nobuaki Yoshida, E. Autissier, Marie-France Barthe, Etienne Hodille, R.P. Doerner, Sabina Markelj, Grégory Pieters, F Ghiorghiu, Régis Bisson, Pierre Desgardin, Thomas Schwarz-Selinger, B. Rousseau, Cormac Corr, Christian Grisolia, E. Bernard, Arkadi Kreter, S. Feuillastre, Mykola Ialovega, STMicroelectronics [Crolles] (ST-CROLLES), National Institute for Fusion Science (NIFS), Helsingin yliopisto = Helsingfors universitet = University of Helsinki, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH | Centre de recherche de Juliers, Helmholtz-Gemeinschaft = Helmholtz Association, Conditions Extrêmes et Matériaux : Haute Température et Irradiation (CEMHTI), Université d'Orléans (UO)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Max-Planck-Institut für Plasmaphysik [Garching] (IPP), Institut de Chimie et Biochimie Moléculaires et Supramoléculaires (ICBMS), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-École Supérieure de Chimie Physique Électronique de Lyon (CPE)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées de Lyon (INSA Lyon), Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA), Alcatel-Thalès III-V lab (III-V Lab), THALES [France]-ALCATEL, Institut de Recherche sur la Fusion par confinement Magnétique (IRFM), Physique des interactions ioniques et moléculaires (PIIM), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), University of Canberra, University of California [San Diego] (UC San Diego), University of California (UC), Jozef Stefan Institute [Ljubljana] (IJS), Nastional Institute for Fusion Science (NIFS), NIFS, Kyushu University, Fondation A*Midex, ANR-11-IDEX-0001,Amidex,INITIATIVE D'EXCELLENCE AIX MARSEILLE UNIVERSITE(2011), European Project: 633053,H2020,EURATOM-Adhoc-2014-20,EUROfusion(2014), Materials Physics, Department of Physics, University of Helsinki, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Université d'Orléans (UO), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées de Lyon (INSA Lyon), Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-École Supérieure Chimie Physique Électronique de Lyon-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), THALES-ALCATEL, University of California, and Kyushu University [Fukuoka]

Subjects
Tritium inventory, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Tokamak, Materials science, Annealing (metallurgy), Materials Science (miscellaneous), Analytical chemistry, chemistry.chemical_element, Tungsten, Tritium, 01 natural sciences, 114 Physical sciences, Plasma-wall interactions, Helium, 010305 fluids & plasmas, law.invention, law, Desorption, 0103 physical sciences, FACILITY, Irradiation, 010302 applied physics, Liquid scintillation counting, lcsh:TK9001-9401, inventory, Nuclear Energy and Engineering, chemistry, 13. Climate action, lcsh:Nuclear engineering. Atomic power, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-CHEM-PH]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Chemical Physics [physics.chem-ph], ddc:624
Abstract

This article has an erratum: DOI 10.1016/j.nme.2020.100729 Plasma-facing materials for next generation fusion devices, like ITER and DEMO, will be submitted to intense fluxes of light elements, notably He and H isotopes (HI). Our study focuses on tritium (T) retention on a wide range of W samples: first, different types of W materials were investigated to distinguish the impact of the pristine original structure on the retention, from W-coated samples to ITER-grade pure W samples submitted to various annealing and manufacturing procedures, along with monocrystalline W for reference. Then, He and He-D irradiated W samples were studied to investigate the impact on He-damages such as nano-bubbles (exposures in LHD or PSI-2) on T retention. We exposed all the samples to tritium gas-loading using a gentle technique preventing any introduction of new damage in the material. Tritium desorption is measured by Liquid Scintillation counting (LSC) at ambient and high temperatures (800 degrees C). The remaining T inventory is then measured by sample full dissolution and LSC. Results on T inventory on He exposed samples highlighted that in all cases, tritium desorption as a gas (HT) increases significantly due to the formation of He damages. Up to 1.8 times more T can be trapped in the material through a competition of various mechanisms, but the major part of the inventory desorbs at room temperature, and so will most likely not take part to the long-term trapped inventory for safety and operational perspectives. Unfortunately, investigation of "as received" industrial W (used for the making of plasma-facing materials) highlighted a strong impact of the pre existing defects on T retention: up to 2.5 times more T is trapped in "as received W" compared to annealed and polish W, and desorbs only at 800 degrees C, meaning ideal W material studies may underestimate T inventory for tokamak relevant conditions.

Published
2019

25. Deciphering long-term coastal dynamics using IR-RF and ESR dating: a case study from Médoc, south-west France

Author

Melanie Bartz, Sebastian Kreutzer, Frédérique Eynaud, Florence Verdin, Mathieu Duval, Norbert Mercier, Mathieu Bosq, Pascal Bertran, IRAMAT-Centre de recherche en physique appliquée à l’archéologie (IRAMAT-CRP2A), Institut de Recherches sur les Archéomatériaux (IRAMAT), Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Bordeaux Montaigne-Université de Technologie de Belfort-Montbeliard (UTBM)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Bordeaux Montaigne-Université de Technologie de Belfort-Montbeliard (UTBM), Griffith University [Brisbane], University of Cologne, Institut national de recherches archéologiques préventives (Inrap), De la Préhistoire à l'Actuel : Culture, Environnement et Anthropologie (PACEA), Université de Bordeaux (UB)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Environnements et Paléoenvironnements OCéaniques (EPOC), Observatoire aquitain des sciences de l'univers (OASU), Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Ausonius-Institut de recherche sur l'Antiquité et le Moyen âge, Université Bordeaux Montaigne-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), ANR-10-LABX-0052,LaScArBx,Using the world in ancient societies : processes and forms of appropriation of space in Long Time(2010), and Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Bordeaux Montaigne

Subjects
010506 paleontology, Middle Pleistocene, Thermoluminescence dating, Pleistocene, Stratigraphy, Médoc, Geology, Context (language use), 010502 geochemistry & geophysics, 01 natural sciences, [SDE.ES]Environmental Sciences/Environmental and Society, Paleontology, 13. Climate action, Interglacial, Earth and Planetary Sciences (miscellaneous), Period (geology), IR-RF, Aeolian processes, 14. Life underwater, OSL, Holocene, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Colluvium, ESR
Abstract

International audience; A proper understanding of local palaeoenvironmental histories is an iterative process. Previously settled inter- pretations suddenly demand a reconsideration triggered by findings from sites not accessible before. The coastline of the Médoc area in south-west France faced considerable recent erosion, providing new valuable insights into the history of the local Holocene and Pleistocene deposits; mainly of estuarine, lacustrine and aeolian origin. In the framework of the project LITAQ for reconstructing the coastal history of the Aquitaine basin, new recently outcropped sediment profiles have been investigated. To establish the chronological fra- mework, for the first time optically stimulated luminescence (OSL) on quartz, infrared radiofluorescence (IR-RF) on K-feldspar were applied in conjunction with multiple-centres electron spin resonance (ESR) dating on quartz. Our approach combines routine luminescence dating application with methodological investigations, with a focus on IR-RF and ESR dating. IR-RF and ESR ages are consistently older than the OSL ages, presumably due to insufficient bleaching, however, they are consistent within 2σ. Our study confirms that the investigated area is covered by Holocene sands, following Pleistocene colluvial and aeolian sandy deposits mainly deposited in a periglacial context during MIS 8 and MIS 10. The base of the profiles appears to consist of interglacial estuarine deposits, probably from the Holsteinian (MIS 11), supporting the theory of a progressive replacement of a tide- influenced marsh by a peaty fresh-water pond during that period. Finally, IR-RF and multiple-centres ESR dating can be considered as valuable tools to decipher Middle Pleistocene landscape dynamics.

Published
2018

26. A novel interdisciplinary approach for building archaeology: The integration of mortar 'single grain' luminescence dating into archaeological research, the example of Saint Seurin Basilica, Bordeaux

Author

Anne Michel, Nadia Cantin, Philippe Dufresne, Petra Urbanová, Philippe Lanos, Pierre Guibert, Lucas Garnier, IRAMAT-Centre de recherche en physique appliquée à l’archéologie (IRAMAT-CRP2A), Institut de Recherches sur les Archéomatériaux (IRAMAT), Université de Technologie de Belfort-Montbeliard (UTBM)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Université Bordeaux Montaigne-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Technologie de Belfort-Montbeliard (UTBM)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Université Bordeaux Montaigne-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Géosciences Rennes (GR), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Rennes (OSUR)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES), Ausonius-Institut de recherche sur l'Antiquité et le Moyen âge, Université Bordeaux Montaigne-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Technologie de Belfort-Montbeliard (UTBM)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Université Bordeaux Montaigne-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), ANR-10-LABX-52, Agence Nationale de la Recherche, French National Center for Scientific Research - Institute of Human and Social Sciences, Bordeaux Archaeological Sciences Labex, ANR-10-LABX-0052,LaScArBx,Using the world in ancient societies : processes and forms of appropriation of space in Long Time(2010), Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Rennes (OSUR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Bordeaux Montaigne-Université de Technologie de Belfort-Montbeliard (UTBM)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Bordeaux Montaigne-Université de Technologie de Belfort-Montbeliard (UTBM), Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Bordeaux Montaigne-Université de Technologie de Belfort-Montbeliard (UTBM), Université de Technologie de Belfort-Montbeliard (UTBM)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Université Bordeaux Montaigne (UBM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Technologie de Belfort-Montbeliard (UTBM)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Université Bordeaux Montaigne (UBM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Rennes (OSUR), Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Bordeaux Montaigne (UBM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Université de Technologie de Belfort-Montbeliard (UTBM)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Université Bordeaux Montaigne (UBM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
010506 paleontology, Archeology, Brick, Building archaeology, Charcoal, Construction, Early medieval, Lime mortar, Single grain OSL dating, History, [SHS.ARCHEO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Archaeology and Prehistory, Building material, engineering.material, [SHS.MUSEO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Cultural heritage and museology, 01 natural sciences, [SPI.MAT]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Materials, 030218 nuclear medicine & medical imaging, Archaeological science, law.invention, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, law, Radiocarbon dating, [SHS.CLASS]Humanities and Social Sciences/Classical studies, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, [PHYS]Physics [physics], [SHS.ARCHI]Humanities and Social Sciences/Architecture, space management, Thermoluminescence dating, Archaeology, engineering, Mortar, Archaeomagnetic dating
Abstract

International audience; This paper deals with new strategies for dating the construction of ancient monuments, one of the most topical issues in archaeology. Our approach is demonstrated by the study of an emblematic early medieval Basilica Saint Seurin in Bordeaux whose oldest building phases have never been well-understood and dated before due to the lack of written sources and archaeological findings. We mainly focus on the analyses of mortar as an omnipresent and non-recyclable material whose making is undoubtedly contemporary to the building process. For the first time, we integrated a novel, recently validated protocol for dating historical mortar through optically stimulated luminescence using the « single grain technique » (SG-OSL) into archaeological research. The present work arises from close and continuous collaboration between archaeologists and archaeometers both in situ and during post-excavation analyses. SG-OSL dating of mortar, as the most innovative aspect of the study, was combined with mortar characterization, radiocarbon dating of charcoals and partly also with ar-chaeomagnetic and thermoluminescence dating of bricks for a cross-check of chronological data. We identified and dated several independent building phases in the crypt of the present church where mortar was the only building material preserved. By combining physical dating methods with stratigraphic constraints based on archaeological interpretations, all the findings were used to construct a chronological model that proves continuity in occupation of the site between the 5th and the 12th centuries, reflecting its high cultural and symbolic value. By the inter-connection of mortar dating by SG-OSL with archaeology and other fields of archaeometry, we set up a renewed interdisciplinary working model for building archaeology that opens interesting perspectives for the future of this research field.

Published
2018

27. Species measurements of the particulate matter reducing additive tri–propylene glycol monomethyl ether

Author

Guillaume Dayma, Kieran P. Somers, Henry J. Curran, P. Dagaut, Roya Shahla, Casimir Togbé, Ultan Burke, Science Foundation Ireland, Seventh Framework Programme, Combustion Chemistry Centre (C3), National University of Ireland [Galway] (NUI Galway), Institut de Combustion, Aérothermique, Réactivité et Environnement (ICARE), Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut des Sciences de l'Ingénierie et des Systèmes (INSIS), Combustion Chemistry Center (C3), European Project: 291049,EC:FP7:ERC,ERC-2011-ADG_20110209,2G-CSAFE(2011), and Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut des Sciences de l'Ingénierie et des Systèmes (INSIS - CNRS)

Subjects
Jet-stirred reactor, MECHANISM, Soot precursor, European community, OXYGENATED FUEL, General Chemical Engineering, Large molecule, DIMETHYL ETHER, 010402 general chemistry, OXIDATION, 7. Clean energy, 01 natural sciences, Medicinal chemistry, tri–propylene glycol monomethyl ether, chemistry.chemical_compound, COMBUSTION, 0103 physical sciences, Dimethyl ether, Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, Monomethyl ether, KINETICS, Oxygenated additive, 010304 chemical physics, [SPI.FLUID]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Reactive fluid environment, Mechanical Engineering, European research, Particulates, kinetic modeling, HYDROCARBON, 0104 chemical sciences, IGNITION, chemistry, 13. Climate action, Environmental science, Jet stirred reactor, Oxidation mechanism
Abstract

Reducing particulate matter formation and emissions by using fuel additives is a topic of interest for the petrochemical and automotive engineering industries. A compound which has been shown to be effective in this regard is tri-propylene glycol monomethyl ether (TPGME). This molecule consists of three ether linkages, an alcoholic group and alkyl branching including primary, secondary and tertiary C-H bonds. Its exotic structural features make it challenging to accurately model its oxidation. It is these same structural features that make this molecule both an exciting additive and a challenging fuel for kinetic modelers to understand. To provide insight into the oxidation of this molecule, species measurements have been performed in a jet- stirred reactor. Species concentrations are measured at three equivalence ratios; 0.5, 1.0 and 2.0, at a constant TPGME concentration of 1000 ppm, a pressure of 1 atm, a constant residence time of 70 ms and over the temperature range of 530-1250 K. The species measured include global reactant and product species, molecular oxygen, carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, water and molecular hydrogen. In addition, a number of soot precursor species are measured namely, ethylene, propene, acetylene, allene, 1-butene, propyne and butadiene. A literature model is used to predict the experiments and erroneous low-temperature reactivity is predicted by the model. The low-temperature reaction kinetics and the base-mechanism of the model is updated using recent kinetic insights. Despite the large uncertainties in the assignment of the kinetic parameters for this large molecule these erroneous predictions are removed and the model is capable of rationalizing the formation of all species measured. (C) 2018 The Combustion Institute. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. NUIG would like to thank Science Foundation Ireland (SFI) for the funding for this work via their Principal Investigator Program through project number 15/IA/3177. The research leading to these results has received funding from the European Research Council under the European Community's Seventh Framework Programme (FP7/2007-2013)/ERC grant agreement no. 291049−2G-CSafe. peer-reviewed 2020-07-23

Published
2018

28. The response of pre-osteoblasts and osteoclasts to gallium containing mesoporous bioactive glasses

Author

María Vallet-Regí, Valérie Montouillout, N. Gómez-Cerezo, Franck Fayon, Daniel Arcos, Patricia Lagadec, Jean-Michel Bouler, Bruno Bujoli, Elise Verron, Universidad Complutense de Madrid = Complutense University of Madrid [Madrid] (UCM), Chimie Et Interdisciplinarité : Synthèse, Analyse, Modélisation (CEISAM), Université de Nantes - UFR des Sciences et des Techniques (UN UFR ST), Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Nantes (UN)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Conditions Extrêmes et Matériaux : Haute Température et Irradiation (CEMHTI), Université d'Orléans (UO)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de Biologie Valrose (IBV), Université Nice Sophia Antipolis (1965 - 2019) (UNS), COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Côte d'Azur (UCA), Centro Investigacion Biomedica en Red Bioingenieria, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina - CIBER-BBN (SPAIN), Massiot, Dominique, Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Nantes (UN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Université d'Orléans (UO), Université Nice Sophia Antipolis (... - 2019) (UNS), and COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
Bone disease, Simulated body fluid, Biomedical Engineering, Osteoclasts, chemistry.chemical_element, Gallium, 02 engineering and technology, 010402 general chemistry, Bone tissue, 01 natural sciences, Biochemistry, Bone resorption, Cell Line, Biomaterials, Mice, Osteoclast, medicine, Animals, Humans, Tissues and Organs (q-bio.TO), Molecular Biology, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, [CHIM.MATE] Chemical Sciences/Material chemistry, Osteoblasts, Materiales, Chemistry, Cell Differentiation, Quantitative Biology - Tissues and Organs, Osteoblast, General Medicine, [CHIM.MATE]Chemical Sciences/Material chemistry, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, medicine.disease, Química inorgánica, 0104 chemical sciences, medicine.anatomical_structure, Chemical engineering, FOS: Biological sciences, Bone Substitutes, Glass, 0210 nano-technology, Mesoporous material, Biotechnology
Abstract

Mesoporous bioactive glasses (MBGs) in the system SiO2-CaO-P2O5-Ga2O3 have been synthesized by the evaporation induced self-assembly method and subsequent impregnation with Ga cations. Two different compositions have been prepared and the local environment of Ga(III) has been characterized using 29Si, 71Ga and 31P NMR analysis, demonstrating that Ga(III) is efficiently incorporated as both, network former (GaO4 units) and network modifier (GaO6 units). In vitro bioactivity tests evidenced that Ga-containing MBGs retain their capability for nucleation and growth of an apatite-like layer in contact with a simulated body fluid with ion concentrations nearly equal to those of human blood plasma. Finally, in vitro cell culture tests evidenced that Ga incorporation results in a selective effect on osteoblasts and osteoclasts. Indeed, the presence of this element enhances the early differentiation towards osteoblast phenotype while disturbing osteoclastogenesis. Considering these results, Ga-doped MBGs might be proposed as bone substitutes, especially in osteoporosis scenarios., 35 pages, 8 figures

Published
2018

29. Critical aspects of data analysis for quantification in laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy

Author

J. Picard, S. Moncayo, Frédéric Pelascini, Aïssa Harhira, Erwan Negre, D. Devismes, Vincent Motto-Ros, Bruno Bousquet, J. El Haddad, Delphine Syvilay, Léna Bassel, Florian Trichard, Institut Lumière Matière [Villeurbanne] (ILM), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire de recherche des monuments historiques (LRMH), Centre de Recherche sur la Conservation (CRC ), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Ministère de la Culture et de la Communication (MCC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Ministère de la Culture et de la Communication (MCC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), IRAMAT-Centre de recherche en physique appliquée à l’archéologie (IRAMAT-CRP2A), Institut de Recherches sur les Archéomatériaux (IRAMAT), Université de Technologie de Belfort-Montbeliard (UTBM)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Université Bordeaux Montaigne (UBM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Technologie de Belfort-Montbeliard (UTBM)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Université Bordeaux Montaigne (UBM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), CRITT Matériaux Alsace, National Research Council of Canada (NRC), Universidad Complutense de Madrid = Complutense University of Madrid [Madrid] (UCM), Laboratoire Edifices Nanométriques (LEDNA), Nanosciences et Innovation pour les Matériaux, la Biomédecine et l'Energie (ex SIS2M) (NIMBE UMR 3685), Institut Rayonnement Matière de Saclay (IRAMIS), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut Rayonnement Matière de Saclay (IRAMIS), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), NASA Marshall Space Flight Center (MSFC), Centre d'Etudes Lasers Intenses et Applications (CELIA), Université de Bordeaux (UB)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Ministère de la Culture et de la Communication (MCC)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Ministère de la Culture et de la Communication (MCC), Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Bordeaux Montaigne-Université de Technologie de Belfort-Montbeliard (UTBM)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Bordeaux Montaigne-Université de Technologie de Belfort-Montbeliard (UTBM), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Institut Rayonnement Matière de Saclay (IRAMIS), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Bordeaux (UB), and Université de Technologie de Belfort-Montbeliard (UTBM)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Université Bordeaux Montaigne-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Technologie de Belfort-Montbeliard (UTBM)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Université Bordeaux Montaigne-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
Standardization, Computer science, Calibration (statistics), assessment, collaborative contest, 02 engineering and technology, data extraction, computer.software_genre, 01 natural sciences, Analytical Chemistry, Set (abstract data type), quantitative, Laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy, Instrumentation, Spectroscopy, parametric study, Parametric statistics, Data processing, LIBS, 010401 analytical chemistry, [CHIM.MATE]Chemical Sciences/Material chemistry, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics, 0104 chemical sciences, Data extraction, Data mining, 0210 nano-technology, computer
Abstract

International audience; In this study, a collaborative contest focused on LIBS data processing has been conducted in an original way since the participants did not share the same samples to be analyzed on their own LIBS experiments but a set of LIBS spectra obtained from one single experiment. Each participant was asked to provide the predicted concentrations of several elements for two glass samples. The analytical contest revealed a wide diversity of results among participants, even when the same spectral lines were considered for the analysis. Then, a parametric study was conducted to investigate the influence of each step during the data processing. This study was based on several analytical figures of merit such as the determination coefficient, uncertainty, limit of quantification and prediction ability (i.e., trueness). Then, it was possible to interpret the results provided by the participants, emphasizing the fact that the type of data extraction, baseline modeling as well as the calibration model play key roles in the quantification performance of the technique. This work provides a set of recommendations based on a systematic evaluation of the quantification procedure with the aim of optimizing the methodological steps toward the standardization of LIBS.

Published
2017

30. Experimental investigation of the brittle-viscous transition in mafic rocks – Interplay between fracturing, reaction, and viscous deformation

Author

Marti, Sina, Stünitz, Holger, Heilbronner, Renée, Plümper, Oliver, Drury, Martyn, Structural geology and EM, Structural geology & tectonics, Department of Environmental Sciences [Basel], University of Basel (Unibas), Department of Geosciences, The Arctic University of Norway (UiT), Géodynamique - UMR7327, Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Bureau de Recherches Géologiques et Minières (BRGM) (BRGM)-Institut des Sciences de la Terre d'Orléans - UMR7327 (ISTO), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers en région Centre (OSUC), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Bureau de Recherches Géologiques et Minières (BRGM) (BRGM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers en région Centre (OSUC), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Bureau de Recherches Géologiques et Minières (BRGM) (BRGM), Utrecht University [Utrecht], Structural geology and EM, and Structural geology & tectonics

Subjects
Brittle-viscous transition, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, [SDU.STU.GP]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Geophysics [physics.geo-ph], Nucleation, Cataclastic rock, Deformation (meteorology), Polyphase rheology, 010502 geochemistry & geophysics, 01 natural sciences, Physics::Geophysics, Physics::Fluid Dynamics, Condensed Matter::Materials Science, Rock deformation experiments, Brittleness, Fault gouge, VDP::Matematikk og Naturvitenskap: 400::Geofag: 450, Geotechnical engineering, Composite material, Dissolution-precipitation, Grain boundary sliding, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Grain Boundary Sliding, VDP::Mathematics and natural science: 400::Geosciences: 450, Geology, Grain size, Creep
Abstract

Accepted manuscript version. Published version available at https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jsg.2017.10.011. Accepted manuscript version, licensed CC BY-NC-ND 4.0. Rock deformation experiments are performed on fault gouge fabricated from ‘Maryland Diabase’ rock powder to investigate the transition from dominant brittle to dominant viscous behaviour. At the imposed strain rates of γ = 3 • 10⁻⁵ − 3 • 10⁻⁶ s-1 the transition is observed in the temperature range of (600 °C < T < 800 °C) at confining pressures of (0.5 GPa ≤ Pc ≤ 1.5 GPa). The transition thereby takes place by a switch from brittle fracturing and cataclastic flow to viscous dissolution-precipitation creep and grain boundary sliding. Mineral reactions and resulting grain size refinement by nucleation are observed to be critical processes for the switch to viscous deformation, i.e., grain size sensitive creep. In the transitional regime, the mechanical response of the sample is a mixed-mode between brittle and viscous rheology and microstructures associated with both brittle and viscous deformation are observed. As grain size reduction by reaction and nucleation is a time dependent process, the brittle-viscous transition is not only a function of T but to a large extent also of microstructural evolution.

Published
2017

31. Photochemical reactivity of apical oxygen in KSr2Nb5O15 materials for environmental remediation under UV irradiation

Author

Marcos Augusto Lima Nobre, Silvania Lanfredi, Juan Matos, María C. Fernández de Córdoba, Ricmary Montaña, Conchi O. Ania, Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad (España), Universidad de Concepción [Chile], Instituto de Fýsica de São Carlos, Universidade de São Paulo (USP), Fac de Ciências e Tecnologia-FCT, Universidade Estadual Paulista Júlio de Mesquita Filho = São Paulo State University (UNESP), Centre de Recherche sur la Matière Divisée (CRMD), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université d'Orléans (UO), The City College of New York (CCNY), City University of New York [New York] (CUNY), Instituto Nacional del Carbon (INCAR), Instituto Nacional del Carbón, Conditions Extrêmes et Matériaux : Haute Température et Irradiation (CEMHTI), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Université d'Orléans (UO), University of Concepcion, Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp), Instituto Nacional del Carbón (INCAR CSIC), Univ. Orléans, and Université d'Orléans (UO)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
Materials science, Inorganic chemistry, chemistry.chemical_element, 02 engineering and technology, Crystal structure, 010402 general chemistry, Photochemistry, 01 natural sciences, Oxygen, law.invention, Catalysis, Biomaterials, chemistry.chemical_compound, Colloid and Surface Chemistry, law, Calcination, Irradiation, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, Photocatalysis, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, Methylene blue, [SDE.IE]Environmental Sciences/Environmental Engineering, Niobate-based materials, [CHIM.CATA]Chemical Sciences/Catalysis, [CHIM.MATE]Chemical Sciences/Material chemistry, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, 0104 chemical sciences, Surfaces, Coatings and Films, Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials, Structural refinements, chemistry, 0210 nano-technology
Abstract

The photocatalytic activity of a series of novel KSrNbO materials was studied using the photooxidation of methylene blue as model reaction. The influence of the calcination time upon the crystalline structure and photoactivity was verified. Characterization was performed by XRD, SEM, FTIR, UV–Vis/DR, Helium picnometry, and N and CO adsorption-desorption isotherms. The diffraction line profile and the refinement of the structural parameters of KSrNbO were obtained from the XRD patterns by the Rietveld method. Data showed that samples were photoactive under UV irradiation, regardless the synthesis conditions. However, the calcination time had a clear influence upon the photocatalytic activity of the samples, being more efficient towards the degradation of the dye those obtained at a lower calcination time. Indeed, the sample calcined for 4 h showed up to 4 times higher photocatalytic activity than commercial TiO. Additionally, a correlation between the photocatalytic activity and the displacement of the Nb ion from the central position in the [NbO] octahedron was found. It is suggested that this fact causes an important polarization of the niobate structure. The apical oxygen in these samples is very reactive and can lead to the formation of superoxoradical anions (O ) showing that KSrNbO can be potentially used in photocatalytic reactions under UV irradiation., J. Matos thanks to the Chilean grants (Basal ProgramPFB-27, FAE-829, FONDEF-IDEA #ID15I10321, CORFO15IPPID-45676, FONDECYT1161068), for their financial support. S. Lanfredi thanks FAPESP (grants 2007/03510-9, 2014/11189-0, CNPq and UNESP/PROPe), for their financial support. C.O. Ania thanks the financial support of the Spanish MINECO (grant CTM2011/56770-R).

Published
2017

32. Effects of electronic and nuclear stopping power on disorder induced in GaN under swift heavy ion irradiation

Author

F. Moisy, Bertrand Lacroix, Isabelle Monnet, M. Sall, Clara Grygiel, Emmanuel Balanzat, Patrick Simon, M. Boisserie, Centre de recherche sur les Ions, les MAtériaux et la Photonique (CIMAP - UMR 6252), Université de Caen Normandie (UNICAEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-École Nationale Supérieure d'Ingénieurs de Caen (ENSICAEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche sur les Matériaux Avancés (IRMA), Normandie Université (NU)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Rouen Normandie (UNIROUEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Institut national des sciences appliquées Rouen Normandie (INSA Rouen Normandie), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Normandie Université (NU)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Rouen Normandie (UNIROUEN), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Normandie Université (NU)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Conditions Extrêmes et Matériaux : Haute Température et Irradiation (CEMHTI), Université d'Orléans (UO)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École Nationale Supérieure d'Ingénieurs de Caen (ENSICAEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Caen Normandie (UNICAEN), Normandie Université (NU), and Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Université d'Orléans (UO)

Subjects
Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Materials science, 02 engineering and technology, 01 natural sciences, Ion, GaN, Point defect, symbols.namesake, Condensed Matter::Materials Science, Swift heavy ion, 0103 physical sciences, Disorder, Irradiation, Spectroscopy, Instrumentation, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, Wurtzite crystal structure, 010302 applied physics, [CHIM.MATE]Chemical Sciences/Material chemistry, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, Absorption band, Raman spectroscopy, symbols, Atomic physics, 0210 nano-technology, Raman scattering
Abstract

Wurtzite GaN epilayers, grown on the c-plane of sapphire substrate, have been irradiated with swift heavy ions at different energies and fluences, and thereafter studied by Raman scattering spectroscopy, UV–visible spectroscopy and transmission electron microscopy. Raman spectra show strong structural modifications in the GaN layer. Indeed, in addition to the broadening of the allowed modes, a large continuum and three new modes at approximately 200 cm−1, 300 cm−1 and 670 cm−1 appear after irradiation attributed to disorder-activated Raman scattering. In this case, spectra are driven by the phonon density of states of the material due to the loss of translation symmetry of the lattice induced by defects. It was shown qualitatively that both electronic excitations and elastic collisions play an important role in the disorder induced by irradiation. UV–visible spectra reveal an absorption band at 2.8 eV which is linked to the new mode at 300 cm−1 observed in irradiated Raman spectra and comes from Ga-vacancies. These color centers are produced by elastic collisions (without any visible effect of electronic excitations).

Published
2016

33. Scientific rationale for Saturn's in situ exploration

Author

J. Poncy, C. Briois, D. Gautier, Jean-Pierre Lebreton, Andrew Morse, T. R. Spilker, Alexis Bouquet, K. Reh, T. Kostiuk, W. D Geppertt, Pgj Irwin, Ricardo Hueso, J. M. Petit, Carl D. Murray, David H. Atkinson, Matthew S. Tiscareno, Scott Bolton, Ravit Helled, Agustín Sánchez-Lavega, Matthew M. Hedman, S. Guerlet, A. Coustenis, Peter Wurz, James O'Donoghue, Kathrin Altwegg, D Lebleu, François-Xavier Schmider, Mohamad Ali-Dib, Georg Fischer, Nadine Nettelmann, Thibault Cavalié, Amy Simon, Aymeric Spiga, Michel Blanc, Olivia Venot, G. S. Orton, Tristan Guillot, Sushil K. Atreya, Miriam Rengel, O. Mousis, N. André, R. Moreno, J. H. Waite, Philippe Rousselot, Emmanuel Lellouch, Leigh N. Fletcher, Ioannis A. Daglis, Bernard Marty, Jonathan I. Lunine, Régis Courtin, Thierry Fouchet, Univers, Transport, Interfaces, Nanostructures, Atmosphère et environnement, Molécules ( UTINAM ), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers ( INSU - CNRS ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Université de Franche-Comté ( UFC ), University of Leicester, Physikalisches Institut [Bern], Universität Bern [Bern], ASP 2016, Laboratoire d'Astrophysique de Bordeaux [Pessac] ( LAB ), Université de Bordeaux ( UB ) -Institut national des sciences de l'Univers ( INSU - CNRS ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Université de Bordeaux ( UB ) -Institut national des sciences de l'Univers ( INSU - CNRS ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Laboratoire d'études spatiales et d'instrumentation en astrophysique ( LESIA ), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 ( UPMC ) -Institut national des sciences de l'Univers ( INSU - CNRS ) -Observatoire de Paris-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 ( UPD7 ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Service de parasitologie - mycologie [CHU Pitié-Salpétrière], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP)-CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière [APHP], Tel Aviv University [Tel Aviv], Department of Atmospheric, Oceanic and Planetary Physics [Oxford] ( AOPP ), University of Oxford [Oxford], Centre de Recherches Pétrographiques et Géochimiques ( CRPG ), Université de Lorraine ( UL ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Le Collège d'études mondiales/FMSH, Fondation Maison des sciences de l'homme, K.U.Leuven, Centre for Medical Imaging, University College London, London, United Kingdom, Space Science Division [San Antonio], Southwest Research Institute [San Antonio] ( SwRI ), Jet Propulsion Laboratory ( JPL ), NASA-California Institute of Technology ( CALTECH ), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 ( UCBL ), Université de Lyon, Institut Lumière Matière [Villeurbanne] ( ILM ), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Géomatériaux et Modèles Géotechniques ( IFSTTAR/GERS/GMG ), Institut Français des Sciences et Technologies des Transports, de l'Aménagement et des Réseaux ( IFSTTAR ) -PRES Université Nantes Angers Le Mans ( UNAM ), National Observatory of Athens ( NOA ), Department of Physics [Stockholm], Stockholm University, Stockholm University Astrobiology Centre, Joseph Louis LAGRANGE ( LAGRANGE ), Université Nice Sophia Antipolis ( UNS ), Université Côte d'Azur ( UCA ) -Université Côte d'Azur ( UCA ) -Observatoire de la Côte d'Azur, Université Côte d'Azur ( UCA ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), University of Idaho [Moscow, USA], Departamento de Fisica Aplicada [Bilbao], Universidad del Pais Vasco / Euskal Herriko Unibertsitatea ( UPV/EHU ), Department of Astronomy [Ithaca], Cornell University, Max-Planck-Institut für Sonnensystemforschung ( MPS ), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 ( UPMC ), Laboratoire de Météorologie Dynamique (UMR 8539) ( LMD ), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 ( UPMC ) -Institut national des sciences de l'Univers ( INSU - CNRS ) -École polytechnique ( X ) -École des Ponts ParisTech ( ENPC ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Département des Géosciences - ENS Paris, École normale supérieure - Paris ( ENS Paris ) -École normale supérieure - Paris ( ENS Paris ), Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement [Gif-sur-Yvette] ( LSCE ), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines ( UVSQ ) -Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives ( CEA ) -Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Amélioration génétique et adaptation des plantes méditerranéennes et tropicales ( UMR AGAP ), Institut national de la recherche agronomique [Montpellier] ( INRA Montpellier ) -Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques ( Montpellier SupAgro ) -Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement ( CIRAD ) -Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier ( Montpellier SupAgro ), Laboratoire de Physique et Chimie de l'Environnement et de l'Espace ( LPC2E ), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers ( INSU - CNRS ) -Université d'Orléans ( UO ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), NASA Goddard Space Flight Center ( GSFC ), Univers, Transport, Interfaces, Nanostructures, Atmosphère et environnement, Molécules (UMR 6213) (UTINAM), Université de Franche-Comté (UFC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS), Department of Atmospheric, Oceanic and Planetary Physics [Oxford] (AOPP), Laboratoire de Physique et Chimie de l'Environnement et de l'Espace (LPC2E), Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers en région Centre (OSUC), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, PSL Research University (PSL)-PSL Research University (PSL)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, PSL Research University (PSL)-PSL Research University (PSL)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National d’Études Spatiales [Paris] (CNES), Laboratoire d'études spatiales et d'instrumentation en astrophysique (LESIA (UMR_8109)), PSL Research University (PSL)-PSL Research University (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Max-Planck-Institut für Sonnensystemforschung (MPS), Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, The Open University [Milton Keynes] (OU), Institut für Physik [Rostock], Universität Rostock, Centre de Recherches Pétrographiques et Géochimiques (CRPG), Université de Lorraine (UL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Catholic University of Leuven - Katholieke Universiteit Leuven (KU Leuven), Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL), NASA-California Institute of Technology (CALTECH), Southwest Research Institute [San Antonio] (SwRI), NASA Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), University of Michigan [Ann Arbor], University of Michigan System, Institut de recherche en astrophysique et planétologie (IRAP), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), National Observatory of Athens (NOA), Austrian Academy of Sciences (OeAW), Joseph Louis LAGRANGE (LAGRANGE), Université Nice Sophia Antipolis (... - 2019) (UNS), Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-Observatoire de la Côte d'Azur, Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Universidad del Pais Vasco / Euskal Herriko Unibertsitatea [Espagne] (UPV/EHU), Queen Mary University of London (QMUL), Department of Physics and Astronomy [Leicester], Laboratoire de Météorologie Dynamique (UMR 8539) (LMD), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-École polytechnique (X)-École des Ponts ParisTech (ENPC)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Département des Géosciences - ENS Paris, École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Center for Radiophysics and Space Research [Ithaca] (CRSR), Thales Alenia Space [Cannes], Thales Alenia Space, Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Franche-Comté (UFC), Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National d’Études Spatiales [Paris] (CNES), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire d'études spatiales et d'instrumentation en astrophysique (LESIA), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Lorraine (UL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), California Institute of Technology (CALTECH)-NASA, Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-Université Nice Sophia Antipolis (... - 2019) (UNS), COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-Observatoire de la Côte d'Azur, Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Cornell University [New York], École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Observatoire de Paris, PSL Research University (PSL)-PSL Research University (PSL)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Observatoire de Paris, PSL Research University (PSL)-PSL Research University (PSL)-Centre National d’Études Spatiales [Paris] (CNES), University of Oxford, Universität Bern [Bern] (UNIBE), Max-Planck-Institut für Sonnensystemforschung = Max Planck Institute for Solar System Research (MPS), Tel Aviv University (TAU), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Nice Sophia Antipolis (1965 - 2019) (UNS), COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de la Côte d'Azur, COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Thales Alenia Space [Toulouse] (TAS), THALES [France], Laboratoire d'Astrophysique de Bordeaux [Pessac] (LAB), Université de Bordeaux (UB)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Bordeaux (UB)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Observatoire de Paris, PSL Research University (PSL)-PSL Research University (PSL)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC), Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (APHP)-CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière [APHP], Fondation Maison des sciences de l'homme (FMSH), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Institut Lumière Matière [Villeurbanne] (ILM), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Géomatériaux et Modèles Géotechniques (IFSTTAR/GERS/GMG), Institut Français des Sciences et Technologies des Transports, de l'Aménagement et des Réseaux (IFSTTAR)-PRES Université Nantes Angers Le Mans (UNAM), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-École polytechnique (X)-École des Ponts ParisTech (ENPC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Département des Géosciences - ENS Paris, Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement [Gif-sur-Yvette] (LSCE), and Université Paris-Saclay-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
Exploration of Saturn, Solar System, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, [ PHYS.ASTR ] Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph], Galileo Probe, Entry probe, FOS: Physical sciences, 7. Clean energy, 01 natural sciences, Astrobiology, Solar system formation, Jupiter, Giant planet formation, Planet, Saturn, 0103 physical sciences, Elemental and isotopic composition, 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Physics, Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP), Giant planet, In situ measurements, Astronomy, Astronomy and Astrophysics, 13. Climate action, Space and Planetary Science, Physics::Space Physics, Saturn atmosphere, Astrophysics::Earth and Planetary Astrophysics, [PHYS.ASTR]Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph], Ice giant, Astrophysics - Earth and Planetary Astrophysics
Abstract

Remote sensing observations meet some limitations when used to study the bulk atmospheric composition of the giant planets of our solar system. A remarkable example of the superiority of in situ probe measurements is illustrated by the exploration of Jupiter, where key measurements such as the determination of the noble gases abundances and the precise measurement of the helium mixing ratio have only been made available through in situ measurements by the Galileo probe. This paper describes the main scientific goals to be addressed by the future in situ exploration of Saturn placing the Galileo probe exploration of Jupiter in a broader context and before the future probe exploration of the more remote ice giants. In situ exploration of Saturn's atmosphere addresses two broad themes that are discussed throughout this paper: first, the formation history of our solar system and second, the processes at play in planetary atmospheres. In this context, we detail the reasons why measurements of Saturn's bulk elemental and isotopic composition would place important constraints on the volatile reservoirs in the protosolar nebula. We also show that the in situ measurement of CO (or any other disequilibrium species that is depleted by reaction with water) in Saturn's upper troposphere would constrain its bulk O/H ratio. We highlight the key measurements required to distinguish competing theories to shed light on giant planet formation as a common process in planetary systems with potential applications to most extrasolar systems. In situ measurements of Saturn's stratospheric and tropospheric dynamics, chemistry and cloud-forming processes will provide access to phenomena unreachable to remote sensing studies. Different mission architectures are envisaged, which would benefit from strong international collaborations., Comment: Submitted to Planetary and Space Science

Published
2016

34. On the correlation between the porous structure and the electrochemical response of powdered and monolithic carbon aerogels as electrodes for capacitive deionization

Author

C. Macías, G. Rasines, M.C. Zafra, Pedro Lavela, Conchi O. Ania, José L. Tirado, Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad (España), Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación (España), laboratorio de quimica inorganica, Universidad de Córdoba [Cordoba], Centre de Recherche sur la Matière Divisée (CRMD), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université d'Orléans (UO), The City College of New York (CCNY), City University of New York [New York] (CUNY), Instituto Nacional del Carbon (INCAR), Instituto Nacional del Carbón, Conditions Extrêmes et Matériaux : Haute Température et Irradiation (CEMHTI), and Université d'Orléans (UO)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
Materials science, Capacitive deionization, Impedance spectroscopy, Nanotechnology, 02 engineering and technology, 010402 general chemistry, Electrochemistry, 01 natural sciences, Inorganic Chemistry, Carbon aerogels, Materials Chemistry, Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, Electrosorption, [SDE.IE]Environmental Sciences/Environmental Engineering, Aerogel, [CHIM.CATA]Chemical Sciences/Catalysis, [CHIM.MATE]Chemical Sciences/Material chemistry, Microporous material, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, Condensed Matter Physics, Supercritical fluid, 0104 chemical sciences, Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials, Dielectric spectroscopy, Chemical engineering, Ceramics and Composites, Voltammetry, 0210 nano-technology, Mesoporous material, Pyrolysis
Abstract

The combined effect of resorcinol/catalyst (100≤R/C≤800) and resorcinol/water (0.04≤R/W≤0.13) molar ratio on the textural and capacitive properties of carbon aerogels with potential application for capacitive deionization has been evaluated. Activated and pyrolyzed aerogels were synthesized by the sol-gel polymerization of resorcinol-formaldehyde mixtures and dried in supercritical conditions. Data show that high R/C and R/W molar ratios lead to materials with large pores in the mesopore range, whereas the surface area and micropore volumes remain somewhat the same. The activation of the aerogels increased the differences in the specific surface and micropore volumes due to the development of microporosity. This effect was more remarkable for the samples with low R/C whatever the R/W ratio, indicating that the carbon aerogel obtained using high amounts of catalyst are more prone to be activated. Regarding the electrochemical features of the aerogels, low capacitance values were measured in aerogels combining low R/W and high R/C and reciprocally low R/C and high R/W molar ratios, due to their higher resistance. Polarization resistances were found to be slightly higher for the pyrolyzed than for activated aerogels, and followed a decreasing trend with the mesoporosity, indicating the outstanding contribution of the mesoporous network to provide a good kinetic response. The desalting capacity of monolithic aerogels showed a simultaneous dependence with the surface area and the resistivity of the electrodes, pointing out the importance of performing electrochemical measurements in adequate cell configurations (i.e., desalting units) upon the intended application., The authors are indebted to the Spanish MICINN (contract IPT-2011-1450-310000 (ADECAR) and CTM2014/56670-R) for the financial support. We also thank the fruitful collaboration of Isolux Ingeniería, S.A., Fundación Imdea Energia and Proingesa.

Published
2016

35. Douleur postopératoire après réparation des tendons de la coiffe des rotateurs par technique arthroscopique versus conventionnelle. Analyse prospective

Author

Nicolas Bonnevialle, Laurent Maubisson, X. Bayle Iniguez, Thuy Trang Pham, Pierre Mansat, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - CNRS (FRANCE), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Toulouse - CHU Toulouse (FRANCE), Université de Tours (FRANCE), Institut d'Administration des Entreprises (IAE) - Tours, Val de Loire Recherche en Management (VALLOREM), Université d'Orléans (UO)-Université de Tours (UT), and Université de Tours-Université d'Orléans (UO)

Subjects
Adult, Male, medicine.medical_specialty, Arthroscopic, Open, medicine.medical_treatment, Analgesic, [SDV.MHEP.CHI]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Surgery, Arthroscopie, Arthroplasty, Rotator Cuff Injuries, Postoperative pain, 03 medical and health sciences, Arthroscopy, Diagnostic Self Evaluation, Rotator Cuff, 0302 clinical medicine, Autre, medicine, Humans, Rotator cuff repair, Rotator cuff, Orthopedics and Sports Medicine, Prospective Studies, Réparation de la coiffe des rotateurs, Prospective cohort study, Aged, Pain Measurement, Rupture, 030222 orthopedics, À ciel ouvert, Pain, Postoperative, medicine.diagnostic_test, business.industry, Rotator cuff injury, Gold standard, 030229 sport sciences, Middle Aged, medicine.disease, Tendon, Surgery, Douleur postopératoire, medicine.anatomical_structure, Treatment Outcome, Female, business
Abstract

International audience; IntroductionSi la technique arthroscopique tend à s’imposer comme la technique de référence pour la réparation des tendons de la coiffe des rotateurs, aucune étude n’a apporté la preuve qu’elle occasionnait moins de douleurs postopératoires que la chirurgie conventionnelle. L’objectif de ce travail était de comparer de manière prospective la douleur perçue à court terme après réparation « tout arthroscopique » et « tout ciel ouvert » de la coiffe des rotateurs, et de déterminer les facteurs pouvant influencer son évolution.Matériel et méthodeDe janvier 2012 à janvier 2013, 95 patients ont bénéficié d’une réparation de la coiffe des rotateurs : 45 par arthroscopie (groupe @) et 50 à ciel ouvert (groupe O). La consommation d’antalgiques et l’auto-évaluation de la douleur sur échelle visuelle analogique (EVA) ont été relevées en préopératoire puis, de manière biquotidienne du 2e au 45e jour postopératoire. Ces données étaient comparées entre les 2 groupes puis analysées en fonction des facteurs démographiques et du bilan lésionnel peropératoire.RésultatsLa douleur postopératoire moyenne était équivalente dans les 2 groupes (p =0,22). La consommation d’antalgiques de palier 2 était plus élevée dans le groupe @ au-delà de la 4e semaine (p =0,01). L’absence totale de douleur était atteinte avant la 6e semaine chez respectivement 75 % et 66 % des patients du groupe @ et O (p =0,34). Il existait une corrélation positive entre la douleur préopératoire et postopératoire (r =0,25 ; p =0,02). Les patients présentant un contexte d’accident de travail tendaient à être plus algiques en postopératoire (p =0,08). La consommation d’antalgiques de palier 3 était plus importante chez les patients présentant une rupture massive de la coiffe des rotateurs (p =0,001).ConclusionIl n’a pas été mis en évidence de supériorité de l’arthroscopie sur la chirurgie conventionnelle en termes d’analgésie après réparation de la coiffe des rotateurs. Le choix de la technique de réparation ne saurait s’appuyer sur cet argument.

Published
2016

36. Synthesis and evaluation of the cytotoxic activity of novel ethyl 4-[4-(4-substitutedpiperidin-1-yl)]benzyl-phenylpyrrolo[1,2-a]quinoxaline-carboxylate derivatives in myeloid and lymphoid leukemia cell lines

Author

Filomena Rossi, Elodie Peyrilles, Stéphane Moreau, Jean Guillon, Solène Savrimoutou, Noël Pinaud, Pascal Sonnet, Luisa Ronga, Romain Lucas, Marian Vincenzi, Mathieu Marchivie, Jordi Lesbordes, Vanessa Desplat, Sylvain Routier, Cellules souches hématopoïétiques normales et leucémiques, Université de Bordeaux (UB)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Régulations Naturelles et Artificielles (ARNA), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université de Bordeaux Ségalen [Bordeaux 2], Department of Pharmacy and CIRPeB, University of Naples Federico II = Università degli studi di Napoli Federico II, Institut des Sciences Moléculaires (ISM), Université Montesquieu - Bordeaux 4-Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1 (UB)-École Nationale Supérieure de Chimie et de Physique de Bordeaux (ENSCPB)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de Chimie de la Matière Condensée de Bordeaux (ICMCB), Université de Bordeaux (UB)-Institut Polytechnique de Bordeaux-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de Chimie Organique et Analytique (ICOA), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire de Glycochimie, des Antimicrobiens et des Agro-ressources - UMR CNRS 7378 (LG2A ), Université de Picardie Jules Verne (UPJV)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Ligue Nationale contre le Cancer (Comité Aquitaine-Charentes, Bordeaux, France). The Università Italo Francese (UIF) for financial support (project C2-1, 2014/38723, cap. 6.01.1810 UIF), University of Naples Federico II, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École Nationale Supérieure de Chimie et de Physique de Bordeaux (ENSCPB)-Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1-Université Montesquieu - Bordeaux 4-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC), Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut Polytechnique de Bordeaux-Université de Bordeaux (UB), and Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)

Subjects
Models, Molecular, Myeloid, HL60, Carboxylic Acids, Antineoplastic Agents, 010402 general chemistry, 01 natural sciences, Jurkat cells, Structure-Activity Relationship, chemistry.chemical_compound, Synthesis, Quinoxaline, Pyrrolo[1, Quinoxalines, Drug Discovery, Tumor Cells, Cultured, medicine, Humans, Cytotoxic T cell, Cell Proliferation, Cancer, Pharmacology, Leukemia, Dose-Response Relationship, Drug, Molecular Structure, Cytotoxic activity, 010405 organic chemistry, Chemistry, Organic Chemistry, General Medicine, [CHIM.MATE]Chemical Sciences/Material chemistry, medicine.disease, 2-a]quinoxaline, 0104 chemical sciences, 3. Good health, medicine.anatomical_structure, Immunology, Cancer research, Drug Screening Assays, Antitumor, K562 cells, Lymphoid leukemia
Abstract

International audience; Leukemia is the most common blood cancer, and its development starts at diverse points, leading to distinct subtypes that respond differently to therapy. This heterogeneity is rarely taken into account in therapies, so it is still essential to look for new specific drugs for leukemia subtypes or even for therapy-resistant cases. Among heterocyclic compounds that attracted a lot of attention because of its wide spread biological activities, the pyrrolo[1,2-a]quinoxaline heterocyclic framework has been identified as interesting scaffolds for antiproliferative activity against various human cancer cell lines. In the present study, novel ethyl 4-[4-(4-substitutedpiperidin-1-yl)]benzyl-phenylpyrrolo[1,2-a]quinoxaline-carboxylate derivatives 1a-l have been designed and synthesized. Their cytotoxicities were evaluated against five different leukemia cell lines, including Jurkat and U266 (lymphoid cell lines), and K562, U937, HL60 (myeloid cell lines), as well as normal human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMNCs). Then, apoptosis study was performed with the more interesting compounds. The new pyrrolo[1,2-a]quinoxaline series showed promising cytotoxic potential against all leukemia cell lines tested, and some compounds showed better results than the reference compound A6730. Some compounds, such as 1a, 1e, 1g and 1h are promising because of their high activity against leukemia and their low activity against normal hematopoietic cells. Structure-activity relationships of these new synthetic compounds 1a-l are here also discussed.

Published
2016

37. Multi-block analysis coupled to laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy for sorting geological materials from caves

Author

Catherine Ferrier, Léna Bassel, Delphine Lacanette, Faten Ammari, Bruno Bousquet, Rémy Chapoulie, IRAMAT-Centre de recherche en physique appliquée à l’archéologie (IRAMAT-CRP2A), Institut de Recherches sur les Archéomatériaux (IRAMAT), Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Bordeaux Montaigne-Université de Technologie de Belfort-Montbeliard (UTBM)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Bordeaux Montaigne-Université de Technologie de Belfort-Montbeliard (UTBM), De la Préhistoire à l'Actuel : Culture, Environnement et Anthropologie (PACEA), Université de Bordeaux (UB)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de Mécanique et d'Ingénierie de Bordeaux (I2M), École Nationale Supérieure d'Arts et Métiers (ENSAM), Arts et Métiers Sciences et Technologies, HESAM Université (HESAM)-HESAM Université (HESAM)-Arts et Métiers Sciences et Technologies, HESAM Université (HESAM)-HESAM Université (HESAM)-Institut Polytechnique de Bordeaux-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Bordeaux (UB)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Centre d'Etudes Lasers Intenses et Applications (CELIA), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Bordeaux (UB), Université de Technologie de Belfort-Montbeliard (UTBM)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Université Bordeaux Montaigne (UBM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Technologie de Belfort-Montbeliard (UTBM)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Université Bordeaux Montaigne (UBM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de Bordeaux (UB)-École Nationale Supérieure d'Arts et Métiers (ENSAM), HESAM Université - Communauté d'universités et d'établissements Hautes écoles Sorbonne Arts et métiers université (HESAM)-HESAM Université - Communauté d'universités et d'établissements Hautes écoles Sorbonne Arts et métiers université (HESAM)-Arts et Métiers Sciences et Technologies, HESAM Université - Communauté d'universités et d'établissements Hautes écoles Sorbonne Arts et métiers université (HESAM)-HESAM Université - Communauté d'universités et d'établissements Hautes écoles Sorbonne Arts et métiers université (HESAM)-Institut Polytechnique de Bordeaux-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Bordeaux (UB)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Technologie de Belfort-Montbeliard (UTBM)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Université Bordeaux Montaigne-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Technologie de Belfort-Montbeliard (UTBM)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Université Bordeaux Montaigne-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), HESAM Université (HESAM)-HESAM Université (HESAM)-Institut Polytechnique de Bordeaux-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Bordeaux (UB), and HESAM Université (HESAM)-HESAM Université (HESAM)-Institut Polytechnique de Bordeaux-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
Strontium, geography, geography.geographical_feature_category, Spectrometer, [SHS.ARCHEO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Archaeology and Prehistory, 010401 analytical chemistry, Sorting (sediment), chemistry.chemical_element, Mineralogy, 02 engineering and technology, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, Moonmilk, 01 natural sciences, 0104 chemical sciences, Analytical Chemistry, chemistry, Cave, Laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy, Geological materials, 0210 nano-technology, spectroscopie à plasma induit par laser, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, Block (data storage)
Abstract

In this study, multi-block analysis was applied for the first time to LIBS spectra provided by a portable LIBS system (IVEA Solution, France) equipped with three compact Czerny-Turner spectrometers covering the spectral ranges 200–397 nm, 398–571 nm and 572–1000 nm. 41 geological samples taken from a laboratory-cave situated in the “Vezere valley”, an area rich with prehistoric sites and decorated caves listed as a UNESCO world heritage in the south west of France, were analyzed. They were composed of limestone and clay considered as underlying supports and of two types of alterations referred as moonmilk and coralloid. Common Components and Specific Weights Analysis (CCSWA) allowed sorting moonmilk and coralloid samples. The loadings revealed higher amounts of magnesium, silicon, aluminum and strontium in coralloids and the saliences emphasized that among the three spectrometers installed in the LIBS instrument used in this work; that covering the range 572–1000 nm was less contributive. This new approach for processing LIBS data not only provides good results for sorting geological materials but also clearly reveals which spectral range contains most of the information. This specific advantage of multi-block analysis could lead for some applications to simplify the design and to reduce the size of LIBS instruments.

Published
2016

38. Gas-generating TPGS-PLGA microspheres loaded with nanoparticles (NIMPS) for co-delivery of minicircle DNA and anti-tumoral drugs

Author

Fani Sousa, Vítor M. Gaspar, Ilídio J. Correia, André F. Moreira, Chantal Pichon, João A. Queiroz, Elisabete C. Costa, Health Sciences Research Center (CICS-UBI), University of Beira Interior [Portugal] (UBI), Centre de biophysique moléculaire (CBM), Université d'Orléans (UO)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC), uBibliorum, Frapart, Isabelle, and Université d'Orléans (UO)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
media_common.quotation_subject, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Microspheres Nanoparticles Drugs Minicircle DNA Co-delivery, Nanoparticle, Gene Expression, Nanotechnology, macromolecular substances, law.invention, Polyethylene Glycols, chemistry.chemical_compound, Colloid and Surface Chemistry, Polylactic Acid-Polyglycolic Acid Copolymer, X-Ray Diffraction, Confocal microscopy, law, PEG ratio, medicine, Vitamin E, Doxorubicin, Lactic Acid, Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, Internalization, media_common, Drug Carriers, Antibiotics, Antineoplastic, Chemistry, technology, industry, and agriculture, Microcarrier, Drugs, Co-delivery, Surfaces and Interfaces, General Medicine, Microspheres, 3. Good health, [SDV] Life Sciences [q-bio], Minicircle dna, Biophysics, Nanoparticles, Gases, DNA, Circular, DNA, Polyglycolic Acid, Minicircle DNA, Biotechnology, medicine.drug
Abstract

International audience; Drug-DNA combination therapies are receiving an ever growing focus due to their potential for improving cancer treatment. However, such approaches are still limited by the lack of multipurpose delivery systems that encapsulate drugs and condense DNA simultaneously. In this study, we describe the successful formulation of gas-generating pH-responsive D-α-tocopherol PEG succinate-poly(d,l-lactic-co-glycolic acid) (TPGS-PLGA) hollow microspheres loaded with both Doxorubicin (Dox) and minicircle DNA (mcDNA) nanoparticles as a strategy to co-deliver these therapeutics. For this study mcDNA vectors were chosen due to their increased therapeutic efficiency in comparison to standard plasmid DNA. The results demonstrate that TPGS-PLGA microcarriers can encapsulate Dox and chitosan nanoparticles completely condense mcDNA. The loading of mcDNA-nanoparticles into microspheres was confirmed by 3D confocal microscopy and co-localization analysis. The resulting TPGS-PLGA-Dox-mcDNA nanoparticle-in-microsphere hybrid carriers exhibit a well-defined spherical shape and neutral surface charge. Microcarriers incubation in acidic pH produced a gas-mediated Dox release, corroborating the microcarriers stimuli-responsive character. Also, the dual-loaded TPGS-PLGA particles achieved 5.2-fold higher cellular internalization in comparison with non-pegylated microspheres. This increased intracellular concentration resulted in a higher cytotoxic effect. Successful transgene expression was obtained after nanoparticle-mcDNA co-delivery in the microspheres. Overall these findings support the concept of using nanoparticle-microsphere multipart systems to achieve efficient co-delivery of various drug-mcDNA combinations.

Published
2015

39. Centennial to millennial-scale changes in oxygenation and productivity in the Eastern Tropical South Pacific during the last 25,000 years

Author

Abdelfettah Sifeddine, Dimitri Gutiérrez, Ralph R Schneider, Renato Salvatteci, Luc Ortlieb, Ellen R. M. Druffel, Mohammed Boussafir, Laboratoire d'Océanographie et du Climat : Expérimentations et Approches Numériques (LOCEAN), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut Pierre-Simon-Laplace (IPSL (FR_636)), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institute of Geosciences [Kiel], Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel (CAU), Instituto del Mar del Peru (IMARPE), Programa Maestría en Ciencias Del Mar, Biogéochimie-Traceurs-Paléoclimat (BTP), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut Pierre-Simon-Laplace (IPSL (FR_636)), Departamento de Geoquimica Universidade Federal Fluminense (DEPARTAMENTO DE GEOQUIMICA), Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Department of Earth System Science [Irvine] (ESS), University of California [Irvine] (UCI), University of California-University of California, Institut des Sciences de la Terre d'Orléans - UMR7327 (ISTO), Bureau de Recherches Géologiques et Minières (BRGM) (BRGM)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers en région Centre (OSUC), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Biogéosystèmes Continentaux - UMR7327, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Bureau de Recherches Géologiques et Minières (BRGM) (BRGM)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers en région Centre (OSUC), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut Pierre-Simon-Laplace (IPSL (FR_636)), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut Pierre-Simon-Laplace (IPSL (FR_636)), University of California [Irvine] (UC Irvine), and University of California (UC)-University of California (UC)

Subjects
Archeology, Oxygen minimum zone, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, [SDU.STU.GP]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Geophysics [physics.geo-ph], [SDE.MCG]Environmental Sciences/Global Changes, Climate change, 010502 geochemistry & geophysics, 01 natural sciences, paleoceanography 20 21, Antarctic Cold Reversal, Paleoceanography, oxygen minimum zone, Peruvian, Deglaciation, purl.org/pe-repo/ocde/ford#1.05.03 [https], Peruvian 19 upwelling ecosystem, 14. Life underwater, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Global and Planetary Change, Antarctic Intermediate Water, denitrification, Redox sensitive metals, Geology, Last Glacial Maximum, upwelling ecosystem, Oceanography, 13. Climate action, purl.org/pe-repo/ocde/ford#1.05.11 [https], Denitrification, Walker circulation, redox sensitive metals, Peruvian upwelling ecosystem
Abstract

International audience; Oxygen minimum zones (OMZ) have expanded in all tropical oceans during the last 50 years resulting in habitat contraction and considerable changes in marine biogeochemistry. However, for a better understanding of the OMZ dynamics under the current climate change, two questions are relevant: 1) how do the magnitude and temporal changes in oceanic dissolved oxygen of the last few decades compare to the natural variability on longer timescales, and 2) what were the local and remote factors driving OMZ changes in the past. In the present study we use a stacked record covering the last 25 kyr from the Eastern Tropical South Pacific (ETSP) OMZ to reconstruct changes in oxygenation and productivity. We use a suite of proxies including the presence of laminations, redox sensitive metals (U, Mo, Re, Ni and Cu), total organic carbon and δ15N measurements. Water column denitrification and sediment redox conditions show pronounced centennial to millennial-scale variability during the last 25 kyr, with oxygenation levels as low as at present. Global cold periods at different timescales such as the Last Glacial Maximum (23–19 kyr BP) and the Little Ice Age (1500–1850 AD) were associated with a weak OMZ and low export production, while warm intervals such as the deglaciation, part of the Medieval Climate Anomaly and the last 100 years are associated with a stronger OMZ and high export production. Water column denitrification and sediment redox conditions were strongly coupled during the last 25 kyr BP apart from one remarkable exception: during the Antarctic Cold Reversal, sediments were less reducing but the water column denitrification was high resulting in a strong but shallow OMZ. This may have been produced by an enhanced Antarctic Intermediate Water flow. Contrary to our expectations and modeling predictions for the next few decades, we observe a weak ETSP-OMZ during the warm mid-Holocene, which may have been the result of a stronger Walker Circulation that brought oxygen-rich waters to intermediate depths off Peru via Equatorial undercurrents. In combination with other paleoceanographic reconstructions, our results show that oxygenation variability in the ETSP-OMZ was influenced by ocean circulation changes in the Tropical Pacific, high latitude oceanographic and climatic changes, and local productivity.

Published
2015

40. Mesoporous carbon black-aerogel composites with optimized properties for the electro-assisted removal of sodium chloride from brackish water

Author

M.C. Zafra, Pedro Lavela, C. Macías, G. Rasines, José L. Tirado, Conchi O. Ania, laboratorio de quimica inorganica, Universidad de Córdoba [Cordoba], Centre de Recherche sur la Matière Divisée (CRMD), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université d'Orléans (UO), The City College of New York (CCNY), City University of New York [New York] (CUNY), Instituto Nacional del Carbon (INCAR), Instituto Nacional del Carbón, Conditions Extrêmes et Matériaux : Haute Température et Irradiation (CEMHTI), and Université d'Orléans (UO)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
General Chemical Engineering, Sodium, Inorganic chemistry, chemistry.chemical_element, Composite, 02 engineering and technology, Conductivity, 010402 general chemistry, Electrochemistry, 01 natural sciences, Analytical Chemistry, Carbon aerogels, Carbon black, Composite material, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, Electrosorption, [SDE.IE]Environmental Sciences/Environmental Engineering, Aerogel, [CHIM.CATA]Chemical Sciences/Catalysis, [CHIM.MATE]Chemical Sciences/Material chemistry, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, 0104 chemical sciences, chemistry, Polymerization, Carbide-derived carbon, 0210 nano-technology, Carbon
Abstract

A simple modification of the sol–gel polymerization of resorcinol–formaldehyde mixtures allowed the preparation route of homogeneously dispersed carbon black-activated carbon aerogel composites with high pore volumes and improved electrical conductivity. These materials showed good performance as electrodes for the electro-assisted removal of sodium chloride from saline water using high voltages. Besides the effect of the carbon black additive, we have investigated the influence of resorcinol–water ratio on the textural and electrochemical properties of the resulting materials. Data has shown a slight dependence on the structural order of the aerogels with the R/W ratio, regardless the incorporation of the conductive additive. The effect of the carbon black on the textural features was also negligible, due to the low amount incorporated. Nonetheless, the samples showed higher capacitance values for the removal of ions from solution, due to the enhanced conductivity provided by the carbon black, being the effect more evident for the materials prepared using a low R/W ratio., The authors are indebted to the MICINN (Contract IPT-2011-1450-310000 (ADECAR), and CTM2011/23378) for the financial support. We also thank the fruitful collaboration of Isolux Ingeniería, S.A., Fundación Imdea Energia and Proingesa. University of Córdoba thanks to SCAI and IUIQFN for technical support and Junta de Andalucía (FQM-288) for financial support.

Published
2015

41. Boosting the visible-light photoactivity of Bi2WO6 using acidic carbon additives

Author

José Antonio Navío, M. Carmen Hidalgo, Conchi O. Ania, Leticia F. Velasco, Rocio J. Carmona, Universidad de Sevilla. Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad (MINECO). España, PCTI Asturias, Royal Military Academy (RMA), Departamento de Lenguajes y Ciencias de la Computacion [Malaga] (LCC), Universidad de Málaga [Málaga] = University of Málaga [Málaga], Centre de Recherche sur la Matière Divisée (CRMD), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université d'Orléans (UO), The City College of New York (CCNY), City University of New York [New York] (CUNY), Instituto Nacional del Carbon (INCAR), Instituto Nacional del Carbón, Conditions Extrêmes et Matériaux : Haute Température et Irradiation (CEMHTI), Université d'Orléans (UO)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad (España)

Subjects
Inorganic chemistry, Carbon Additive, chemistry.chemical_element, 02 engineering and technology, Carbon nanotube, 010402 general chemistry, 7. Clean energy, 01 natural sciences, Nanoporous carbons, Catalysis, law.invention, Heterogeneous photocatalysis, law, medicine, Hydrothermal synthesis, Photodegradation, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, visible light, bismuth tungstate, Visible light, [SDE.IE]Environmental Sciences/Environmental Engineering, Process Chemistry and Technology, [CHIM.CATA]Chemical Sciences/Catalysis, [CHIM.MATE]Chemical Sciences/Material chemistry, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, 0104 chemical sciences, heterogeneous photocatalysis, nanoporous carbons, chemistry, Chemical engineering, Photocatalysis, Bismuth tungstate, 0210 nano-technology, Carbon, Activated carbon, medicine.drug
Abstract

We have explored the role of the physicohemical properties of carbon materials as additives to bismuth tungstate on its structure, optical properties, and photocatalytic activity for the degradation of rhodamine B under visible light. For this purpose, C/Bi2WO6 hybrid composites were prepared following two different routes: (i) physical mixture of the catalyst components, and (ii) one-pot hydrothermal synthesis of the semiconductor in the presence of the carbon additive. Three carbons with different properties were selected as additives: biomass-derived activated carbon, carbon nanotubes and carbon spheres obtained from polysaccharides. Data has shown the outstanding role of the acidic/basic nature of the carbon additive, and of the synthetic method on the photocatalytic performance of the resulting composites. For a given additive, the degradation rate of RhB is greatly improved for the catalysts prepared through a one-step hydrothermal synthesis, where there is low shielding effect of the carbon matrix. Carbon additives of acidic nature boost the surface acidity of the hybrid photocatalyst, thereby enhancing the photodegradation of RhB under visible light via a coupled mechanism (photosensitization, semiconductor photocatalysis and carbon-photon mediated reactions)., The authors thank the financial support of MINECO (grants CTM2011/23378 and CTQ2011/26617) and PCTI Asturias (Fondos Feder 2007-2013, grant PC10-002). RJC thanks PCTI Asturias for her Severo Ochoa fellowship

Published
2015

42. Effects of CO2 activation of carbon aerogels leading to ultrahigh micro-meso porosity

Author

C. Macías, G. Rasines, Conchi O. Ania, Marta Haro, Jacek Jagiello, Centre de Recherche sur la Matière Divisée (CRMD), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université d'Orléans (UO), The City College of New York (CCNY), City University of New York [New York] (CUNY), Instituto Nacional del Carbon (INCAR), Instituto Nacional del Carbón, Conditions Extrêmes et Matériaux : Haute Température et Irradiation (CEMHTI), and Université d'Orléans (UO)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
Pore size, Materials science, chemistry.chemical_element, Nanotechnology, 02 engineering and technology, 010402 general chemistry, physical activation, 01 natural sciences, Desorption, General Materials Science, Textural characterization, Porosity, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, aerogels, [SDE.IE]Environmental Sciences/Environmental Engineering, Aerogels, Aerogel, [CHIM.CATA]Chemical Sciences/Catalysis, [CHIM.MATE]Chemical Sciences/Material chemistry, General Chemistry, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, Condensed Matter Physics, textural characterization, Nitrogen, 0104 chemical sciences, ultra-high micro-meso porosity, Volume (thermodynamics), Chemical engineering, chemistry, Mechanics of Materials, Ultra-high micro-meso porosity, Physical activation, 0210 nano-technology, Mesoporous material, Carbon
Abstract

We have analyzed the effects of CO2 activation on the porosity of ultrahigh pore volume carbon aerogels. Data obtained from the new 2D-NLDFT-HS model for carbons has been compared to the results of conventional methods (BJH, t-plot, DR); all the models were applied to the desorption branch of the isotherms. Physical activation of the carbon aerogel at different burn-off degrees resulted in materials showing increasing volume of micropores and alteration of mesopore structure. The later effect manifested itself by a characteristic inflection in the desorption branch of the nitrogen isotherm at high relative pressures. Such curvatures are attributed to a non uniform activation of the carbon matrix with CO2 that in some parts carves the surface of the precursor deeper than in others, creating bimodal/multimodal pore size distributions. The different methods applied for the assessment of the textural properties of the aerogels with ultrahigh micro-/mesoporosity showed excellent agreement in terms of pore volumes, surface areas and average pore size., The authors thank the financial support of the Spanish MINECO (grant CTM2011/02338). REFERENCES

Published
2015

43. New evidence of early Neanderthal disappearance in the Iberian Peninsula

Author

Cristo M. Hernández, Norbert Mercier, Ainara Sistiaga, Bertila Galván, Vicente Soler, Carolina Mallol, Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación (España), Generalitat Valenciana, Universidad de La Laguna [Tenerife - SP] (ULL), Institut de Recherches sur les Archéomatériaux (IRAMAT), Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Bordeaux Montaigne-Université de Technologie de Belfort-Montbeliard (UTBM), IRAMAT-Centre de recherche en physique appliquée à l’archéologie (IRAMAT-CRP2A), and Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Bordeaux Montaigne-Université de Technologie de Belfort-Montbeliard (UTBM)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Bordeaux Montaigne-Université de Technologie de Belfort-Montbeliard (UTBM)

Subjects
Technology, 010506 paleontology, Neanderthal, [SHS.ARCHEO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Archaeology and Prehistory, OSL dating, 01 natural sciences, TL dating, Paleontology, Sequence (geology), El Salt, Peninsula, biology.animal, Paléolithique moyen en Espagne, Animals, Middle Palaeolithic, 0601 history and archaeology, Local population, Geoarchaeology, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, Neanderthals, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, geography.geographical_feature_category, Tool Use Behavior, 060102 archaeology, biology, Fossils, Radiometric Dating, 06 humanities and the arts, 15. Life on land, Geography, Archaeology, Aridification, Spain, Anthropology, Sedimentary rock, Optical dating
Abstract

The timing of the end of the Middle Palaeolithic and the disappearance of Neanderthals continue to be strongly debated. Current chronometric evidence from different European sites pushes the end of the Middle Palaeolithic throughout the continent back to around 42 thousand years ago (ka). This has called into question some of the dates from the Iberian Peninsula, previously considered as one of the last refuge zones of the Neanderthals. Evidence of Neanderthal occupation in Iberia after 42 ka is now very scarce and open to debate on chronological and technological grounds. Here we report thermoluminescence (TL) and optically stimulated luminescence (OSL) dates from El Salt, a Middle Palaeolithic site in Alicante, Spain, the archaeological sequence of which shows a transition from recurrent to sporadic human occupation culminating in the abandonment of the site. The new dates place this sequence within MIS 3, between ca. 60 and 45 ka. An abrupt sedimentary change towards the top of the sequence suggests a strong aridification episode coinciding with the last Neanderthal occupation of the site. These results are in agreement with current chronometric data from other sites in the Iberian Peninsula and point towards possible breakdown and disappearance of the Neanderthal local population around the time of the Heinrich 5 event. Iberian sites with recent dates (, Archaeological research at El Salt is funded by the Spanish Government project ‘La Desaparición de los grupos neandertales en la region central del Mediterráneo Ibérico. Una propuesta metodológica de aproximación al proceso histórico y al marco paleoambiental’ (HAR2012-32703, MICINN-FEDER), and Direcció General de Cultura (Consellería de Educació, Cultura i Esports. Generalitat Valenciana).

Published
2014

44. Competitive adsorption of ibuprofen and amoxicillin mixtures from aqueous solution on activated carbons

Author

Souad Souissi-Najar, Rocio J. Carmona, Abdelmottaleb Ouederni, Alicia Gomis-Berenguer, Hayet Mansouri, Conchi O. Ania, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas [Madrid] (CSIC), Université de Gabès, Centre de Recherche sur la Matière Divisée (CRMD), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université d'Orléans (UO), The City College of New York (CCNY), City University of New York [New York] (CUNY), Instituto Nacional del Carbon (INCAR), Instituto Nacional del Carbón, Conditions Extrêmes et Matériaux : Haute Température et Irradiation (CEMHTI), and Université d'Orléans (UO)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
Kinetics, Inorganic chemistry, Binary mixtures, Alkalinity, chemistry.chemical_element, Ibuprofen, 02 engineering and technology, Wastewater, 010501 environmental sciences, Dynamic breakthrough experiments, 01 natural sciences, Water Purification, Biomaterials, Colloid and Surface Chemistry, Adsorption, medicine, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Aqueous solution, Nanoporous, [SDE.IE]Environmental Sciences/Environmental Engineering, Amoxicillin, [CHIM.CATA]Chemical Sciences/Catalysis, [CHIM.MATE]Chemical Sciences/Material chemistry, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, Carbon, 6. Clean water, Nanostructures, Surfaces, Coatings and Films, Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials, Real wastewater, chemistry, Competitive adsorption, Pharmaceuticals, 0210 nano-technology, Porosity, Water Pollutants, Chemical, Activated carbon, medicine.drug
Abstract

This work investigates the competitive adsorption under dynamic and equilibrium conditions of ibuprofen (IBU) and amoxicillin (AMX), two widely consumed pharmaceuticals, on nanoporous carbons of different characteristics. Batch adsorption experiments of pure components in water and their binary mixtures were carried out to measure both adsorption equilibrium and kinetics, and dynamic tests were performed to validate the simultaneous removal of the mixtures in breakthrough experiments. The equilibrium adsorption capacities evaluated from pure component solutions were higher than those measured in dynamic conditions, and were found to depend on the porous features of the adsorbent and the nature of the specific/dispersive interactions that are controlled by the solution pH, density of surface change on the carbon and ionization of the pollutant. A marked roll-up effect was observed for AMX retention on the hydrophobic carbons, not seen for the functionalized adsorbent likely due to the lower affinity of amoxicillin towards the carbon adsorbent. Dynamic adsorption of binary mixtures from wastewater of high salinity and alkalinity showed a slight increase in IBU uptake and a reduced adsorption of AMX, demonstrating the feasibility of the simultaneous removal of both compounds from complex water matrices., The authors thank the financial support of MINECO (CTM2011/23378) and PCTI Asturias (Fondos Feder 2007-2013, grant PC10-002). HM, RJC and AGB thank the financial support of Univ. Gabes (mobility grant), PCTI Asturias (PhD Severo Ochoa fellowship) and MINECO (PhD fellowship BES-2012-060410), respectively. COA thanks C. Diaz for the help in the wastewater analysis

Published
2014

45. Volcanic Degassing: Process and Impact

Author

Tobias Fischer, Bruno Scaillet, Clive Oppenheimer, Department of Geography [Cambridge, UK], University of Cambridge [UK] (CAM), Institut des Sciences de la Terre d'Orléans - UMR7327 (ISTO), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers en région Centre (OSUC), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Bureau de Recherches Géologiques et Minières (BRGM) (BRGM), The University of New Mexico [Albuquerque], the European Commission Framework Programmes 'NOVAC' and 'MIAVITA', the Dynamic Earth theme of the National Centre for Earth Observation, and and NSF-grant ANT-0838817, which has supported studies of Erebus volcano. TF acknowledges the following NSF grants that supported a decade of work on sources of volcanic volatiles and their isotopic signatures: EAR 0079402, 0118914, 0537618, 0620160, 0711533, 0827352, and OCE 0305218 and discussion of the water isotope fractionation in volcanic fumaroles.

Subjects
Volatiles, Pollution, geography, geography.geographical_feature_category, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Animal health, [SDE.MCG]Environmental Sciences/Global Changes, Earth science, media_common.quotation_subject, Volcanic emissions, Magma degassing, Flux, 010502 geochemistry & geophysics, 01 natural sciences, Aerosol, Atmosphere, Isotope fractionation, Ice core, Volcano, 13. Climate action, [SDU.STU.VO]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Volcanology, Geology, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, media_common
Abstract

Volcanic degassing represents an essential component of the global geochemical cycles that determine the state of the atmosphere and climate. It also exerts a first-order influence on the ways in which volcanoes erupt and is thus vital to understanding how volcanoes work and assessing their hazards. This article reviews the sources of volcanic volatiles, their behavior in ascending magmas and surficial reservoirs (including isotopic fractionation), and the processes by which gases separate from melt and reach the atmosphere. A range of field, laboratory, and remote sensing techniques can be applied to measurements and monitoring of volcanic gas and aerosol compositions (elemental, molecular, and isotopic) and flux. It summarizes their application and the general characteristics of volatile emissions associated with different geodynamic settings and volcanic manifestations. Some methods, including those based on petrological and ice core analysis, can even provide estimates of volatile budgets of eruptions that occurred in the distant past. Having considered the source-to-surface processes related to volcanic degassing, it reviews the impacts of emissions on the atmosphere, climate, and environment, from local to global scales, and the associated human and animal health hazards of volcanogenic pollution.

Published
2014

46. Photoinduced reactions occurring on activated carbons. A combined photooxidation and ESR study

Author

Isabel Fonseca, Enzo Laurenti, João C. Lima, Leticia F. Velasco, Conchi O. Ania, Valter Maurino, Royal Military Academy (RMA), Dipartimento di Chimica IFM and NIS, Università degli studi di Torino (UNITO), Cardiovascular Imaging, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine-The Johns Hopkins Hospital-Heart and Vascular Institute, Centre de Recherche sur la Matière Divisée (CRMD), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université d'Orléans (UO), The City College of New York (CCNY), City University of New York [New York] (CUNY), Instituto Nacional del Carbon (INCAR), Instituto Nacional del Carbón, Conditions Extrêmes et Matériaux : Haute Température et Irradiation (CEMHTI), and Université d'Orléans (UO)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
Hydroxyl radicals, Radical, Activated carbon, Inorganic chemistry, chemistry.chemical_element, 02 engineering and technology, 010402 general chemistry, Photochemistry, 01 natural sciences, Catalysis, law.invention, chemistry.chemical_compound, Ash-free materials, PHOTOOXIDATION, HYDROXYL RADICALS, electron spin resonance, law, Electron spin resonance, medicine, Electron paramagnetic resonance, Photodegradation, Photooxidation, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, Aqueous solution, Spin trapping, Chemistry, [SDE.IE]Environmental Sciences/Environmental Engineering, Process Chemistry and Technology, technology, industry, and agriculture, [CHIM.CATA]Chemical Sciences/Catalysis, [CHIM.MATE]Chemical Sciences/Material chemistry, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, equipment and supplies, 0104 chemical sciences, Titanium dioxide, 0210 nano-technology, Carbon, medicine.drug
Abstract

This work demonstrates the ability of ash-free activated carbons to interact with UV light to promote the photooxidation of phenol in solution through the formation of radical species. Our results show that in the absence of inorganic impurities or semiconductor additives, the photodegradation efficiency of the studied activated carbons has to be ascribed to the carbon matrix itself. Hydroxyl radicals have been detected by spin trapping electron spin resonance spectroscopy upon UV irradiation of the activated carbon suspensions in aqueous solution. Although the ability to photogenerate radicals upon irradiation is well known in inorganic semiconductors (such as titanium dioxide) or carbon/semiconductor composites, we herein demonstrate the capacity of the carbon matrix alone to interact with UV light, generating reactive species that would be responsible for the observed photoinduced reaction using carbons alone in the absence of semiconductor additives. Thus, the conventional interpretation of the enhanced photodegradation efficiency of carbon/semiconductor photocatalysts -so far attributed to synergistic and confinement effects, and minimized surface recombination of the charge carriers- should be reconsidered to account for the radicals photogenerated when the carbons are exposed to UV light., This work is supported by the Spanish MINECO (grants CTM2008/01956, CTM2011/23378 and AIB2010PT-00209) and PCTI Asturias (grant PC10-002). L.F. Velasco thanks CSIC for her JAE-Pre contract.

Published
2013

47. OSL and TL dating of the Middle Stone Age sequence at Diepkloof Rock Shelter (South Africa): a clarification

Author

Jean-Philippe Rigaud, Yannick Lefrais, Guillaume Porraz, Christopher E. Miller, J.-L. Joron, Eric Douville, Pierre-Jean Texier, Nadia Cantin, John Parkington, Chantal Tribolo, Jean-Louis Reyss, Norbert Mercier, Daniel Rufer, Institut de Recherches sur les Archéomatériaux (IRAMAT), Université de Technologie de Belfort-Montbeliard (UTBM)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Université Bordeaux Montaigne-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement [Gif-sur-Yvette] (LSCE), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), Géochrononologie Traceurs Archéométrie (GEOTRAC), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), Laboratoire Pierre Süe (LPS), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Océan et Interfaces (OCEANIS), Institut für Geologie [Bern], Universität Bern [Bern], Institute for Archaeological Sciences, Eberhard Karls University of Tübingen, Eberhard Karls University of Tübingen, Archéologies et Sciences de l'Antiquité (ArScAn), Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne (UP1)-Université Paris Nanterre (UPN)-Ministère de la Culture et de la Communication (MCC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Quaternary Research Centre and Department of Archaeology, University of Cape Town, University of Cape Town, De la Préhistoire à l'Actuel : Culture, Environnement et Anthropologie (PACEA), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Bordeaux (UB), Chimie, Ingénierie Moléculaire et Matériaux d'Angers (CIMMA), Université d'Angers (UA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de recherche sur les archéomatériaux (IRA), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Bordeaux Montaigne, Laboratoire de Chimie, Ingénierie Moléculaire et Matériaux d'Angers (CIMMA), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université d'Angers (UA), Université Paris-Saclay-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Paris-Saclay-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Universität Bern Institut für Geologie, Université Panthéon-Sorbonne (UP1)-Université Paris Nanterre (UPN)-Institut national de recherches archéologiques préventives (Inrap)-Ministère de la Culture et de la Communication (MCC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Bordeaux (UB)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Technologie de Belfort-Montbeliard (UTBM)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Université Bordeaux Montaigne (UBM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Universität Bern [Bern] (UNIBE), Eberhard Karls Universität Tübingen = Eberhard Karls University of Tuebingen, Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne (UP1)-Université Paris 8 Vincennes-Saint-Denis (UP8)-Université Paris Nanterre (UPN)-Ministère de la Culture et de la Communication (MCC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne (UP1)-Université Paris 8 Vincennes-Saint-Denis (UP8)-Université Paris Nanterre (UPN)-Ministère de la Culture et de la Communication (MCC)-Institut national de recherches archéologiques préventives (Inrap)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
010506 paleontology, Archeology, 060102 archaeology, Thermoluminescence dating, [SHS.ARCHEO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Archaeology and Prehistory, 300 Social sciences, sociology & anthropology, Stratigraphic unit, Howiesons Poort, 06 humanities and the arts, 01 natural sciences, Sequence (geology), Paleontology, Stage (stratigraphy), 550 Earth sciences & geology, 0601 history and archaeology, Middle Stone Age, Geology, Rock shelter, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Chronology
Abstract

International audience; Diepkloof Rock Shelter offers an exceptional opportunity to study the onset and evolution of both Still Bay (SB) and Howiesons Poort (HP) techno-complexes. However, previous age estimates based on luminescence dating of burnt quartzites (Tribolo et al., 2009) and of sediments (Jacobs et al., 2008) were not in agreement. Here, we present new luminescence ages for 17 rock samples (equivalent dose estimated with a SAR-ITL protocol instead of classical MAAD-TL) as well as for 5 sediment samples (equivalent dose estimated with SAR-single grain OSL protocol) and an update of the 22 previous age estimates for burnt lithics (modified calibration and beta dose estimates). While a good agreement between the rock and sediment ages is obtained, these estimates are still significantly older than those reported by Jacobs et al. (2008). After our own analyses of the sediment from Diepkloof, it is suspected that these authors did not correctly chose the parameters for the equivalent dose determination, leading to an underestimate of the equivalent doses, and thus of the ages.From bottom to top, the mean ages are 100 ± 10 ka for stratigraphic unit (SU) Noël and 107 ± 11 ka for SU Mark (uncharacterized Lower MSA), 100 ± 10 ka for SU Lynn-Leo (Pre-SB type Lynn), 109 ± 10 ka for SUs Kim-Larry (SB), 105 ± 10 ka for SUs Kerry-Kate and 109 ± 10 ka for SU Jess (Early HP), 89 ± 8 ka for SU Jude (MSA type Jack), 77 ± 8 ka for SU John, 85 ± 9 ka for SU Fox, 83 ± 8 ka for SU Fred and 65 ± 8 ka for SU OB5 (Intermediate HP), 52 ± 5 ka for SUs OB2-4 (Late HP).This chronology, together with the technological analyses, greatly modifies the current chrono-cultural model regarding the SB and the HP and has important archaeological implications. Indeed, SB and HP no longer appear as short-lived techno-complexes with synchronous appearances for each and restricted to Oxygen Isotopic Stage (OIS) 4 across South Africa, as suggested by Jacobs et al. (2008, 2012). Rather, the sequence of Diepkloof supports a long chronology model with an early appearance of both SB and HP in the first half of OIS 5 and a long duration of the HP into OIS 3. These new dates imply that different technological traditions coexisted during OIS 5 and 4 in southern Africa and that SB and HP can no longer be considered as horizon markers.

Published
2013
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48. Introduction to Clay–Polymer Nanocomposites (CPN)

Author

Gerhard Lagaly, J.-F. Lambert, Faïza Bergaya, C. Detellier, Centre de Recherche sur la Matière Divisée (CRMD), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université d'Orléans (UO), Ottawa-Carleton Chemistry Institute, University of Ottawa [Ottawa], Laboratoire de Réactivité de Surface (LRS), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel (CAU), and Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
Nanocomposite, Materials science, Polymer nanocomposite, Delamination, Intercalation (chemistry), 020101 civil engineering, 02 engineering and technology, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, Exfoliation joint, Polymer nomenclature, 0201 civil engineering, Clay polymer nanocomposites, Microcomposites, Polymer chemistry, Intercalation, [CHIM]Chemical Sciences, Exfoliation, Composite material, 0210 nano-technology, Clay minerals
Abstract

International audience; Clay mineral–polymer nanocomposites were described for the first time in 1993. Since that date, they were the subject of thousands of research papers. Clay mineral–polymer nanocomposites must be carefully distinguished from microcomposites and intercalated composites. The following chapters describe polymer nanocomposites with smectites, kaolinites and fibrous clay minerals.

Published
2013

49. Interactive Molecular Dynamics: Scaling up to Large Systems

Author

Marc Piuzzi, Matthieu Chavent, Sophie Robert, Bruno Raffin, Sébastien Limet, Marc Baaden, Matthieu Dreher, Ahmed Turki, Nicolas Ferey, PrograMming and scheduling design fOr Applications in Interactive Simulation (MOAIS), Inria Grenoble - Rhône-Alpes, Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Laboratoire d'Informatique de Grenoble (LIG), Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut National Polytechnique de Grenoble (INPG)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Pierre Mendès France - Grenoble 2 (UPMF)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut National Polytechnique de Grenoble (INPG)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Pierre Mendès France - Grenoble 2 (UPMF)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF), Algorithms for Modeling and Simulation of Nanosystems (NANO-D), Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Laboratoire Jean Kuntzmann (LJK), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Université Pierre Mendès France - Grenoble 2 (UPMF)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Université Pierre Mendès France - Grenoble 2 (UPMF), Laboratoire d'Informatique Fondamentale d'Orléans (LIFO), Université d'Orléans (UO)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Centre Val de Loire (INSA CVL), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA), Quality control and dynamic reliability (CQFD), Institut de Mathématiques de Bordeaux (IMB), Université Bordeaux Segalen - Bordeaux 2-Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1-Université de Bordeaux (UB)-Institut Polytechnique de Bordeaux (Bordeaux INP)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Bordeaux Segalen - Bordeaux 2-Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1-Université de Bordeaux (UB)-Institut Polytechnique de Bordeaux (Bordeaux INP)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Inria Bordeaux - Sud-Ouest, Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria), Université Bordeaux Segalen - Bordeaux 2-Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1-Université de Bordeaux (UB)-Institut Polytechnique de Bordeaux (Bordeaux INP)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire de biochimie théorique [Paris] (LBT (UPR_9080)), Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de biologie physico-chimique (IBPC (FR_550)), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC), Laboratoire d'Informatique pour la Mécanique et les Sciences de l'Ingénieur (LIMSI), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Sorbonne Université - UFR d'Ingénierie (UFR 919), Sorbonne Université (SU)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Saclay (COmUE), Laboratoire d'Informatique de Grenoble (LIG), Université Pierre Mendès France - Grenoble 2 (UPMF)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut National Polytechnique de Grenoble (INPG)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Pierre Mendès France - Grenoble 2 (UPMF)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut National Polytechnique de Grenoble (INPG)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Inria Grenoble - Rhône-Alpes, Institut de biologie physico-chimique (IBPC (FR_550)), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Ecole Nationale Supérieure d'Ingénieurs de Bourges-Université d'Orléans (UO), Université Paris Saclay (COmUE)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Sorbonne Université - UFR d'Ingénierie (UFR 919), Sorbonne Université (SU)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Université Paris-Saclay-Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11), Université Pierre Mendès France - Grenoble 2 (UPMF)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut National Polytechnique de Grenoble (INPG)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Pierre Mendès France - Grenoble 2 (UPMF)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut National Polytechnique de Grenoble (INPG)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Pierre Mendès France - Grenoble 2 (UPMF)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Pierre Mendès France - Grenoble 2 (UPMF)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Bordeaux Segalen - Bordeaux 2-Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1 (UB)-Université de Bordeaux (UB)-Institut Polytechnique de Bordeaux (Bordeaux INP)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Bordeaux Segalen - Bordeaux 2-Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1 (UB)-Université de Bordeaux (UB)-Institut Polytechnique de Bordeaux (Bordeaux INP)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Inria Bordeaux - Sud-Ouest, Université Bordeaux Segalen - Bordeaux 2-Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1 (UB)-Université de Bordeaux (UB)-Institut Polytechnique de Bordeaux (Bordeaux INP)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Dreher, Matthieu, Université Pierre Mendès France - Grenoble 2 (UPMF)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP)-Institut National Polytechnique de Grenoble (INPG)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Université Pierre Mendès France - Grenoble 2 (UPMF)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP)-Institut National Polytechnique de Grenoble (INPG)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA), Université Pierre Mendès France - Grenoble 2 (UPMF)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut Polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Université Pierre Mendès France - Grenoble 2 (UPMF)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut Polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Institut National Polytechnique de Grenoble (INPG), Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Institut de biologie physico-chimique (IBPC), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Université Paris-Saclay-Sorbonne Université - UFR d'Ingénierie (UFR 919), Sorbonne Université (SU)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Saclay (COmUE), Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université d'Orléans (UO)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure d'Ingénieurs de Bourges, and Institut de biologie physico-chimique (IBPC)

Subjects
High Performance Interactive Computing, 010304 chemical physics, Computer science, Distributed computing, 020207 software engineering, 02 engineering and technology, Virtual reality, 01 natural sciences, Visualization, Computational Steering with Haptic Arm, Molecular dynamics, Interactivity, 0103 physical sciences, 0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering, Code (cryptography), [INFO.INFO-DC] Computer Science [cs]/Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing [cs.DC], General Earth and Planetary Sciences, State (computer science), [INFO.INFO-DC]Computer Science [cs]/Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing [cs.DC], Simulation, Interactive Molecular Dynamics, General Environmental Science, Haptic technology
Abstract

International audience; Combining molecular dynamics simulations with user interaction would have various applications in both education and research. By enabling interactivity the scientist will be able to visualize the experiment in real time and drive the simulation to a desired state more easily. However, interacting with systems of interesting size requires significant computing resources due to the complexity of the simulation. In this paper, we propose an approach to combine a classical parallel molecular dynamics simulator, Gromacs, to a 3D virtual reality environment allowing to steer the simulation through external user forces applied with an haptic device to a selection of atoms. We specifically focused on minimizing the intrusion in the simulator code, on efficient parallel data extraction and filtering to transfer only the necessary data to the visualization environment, and on a controlled asynchronism between various components to improve interactivity. We managed to steer molecular systems of 1.7 M atoms at about 25 Hz using 384 CPU cores. This framework allowed us to study a concrete scientific problem by testing one hypothesis of the transport of an iron complex from the exterior of the bacteria to the periplasmic space through the FepA membrane protein.

Published
2013

50. Pt/carbon materials as bi-functional catalysts for n-decane hydroisomerization

Author

Angela Maria Martins, Ana P. Carvalho, Marta A. Andrade, Conchi O. Ania, Sara da Costa Fernandes, João Pires, Laboratoire de Santé Publique, Aix Marseille Université (AMU), Centre de Recherche sur la Matière Divisée (CRMD), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université d'Orléans (UO), The City College of New York (CCNY), City University of New York [New York] (CUNY), Instituto Nacional del Carbon (INCAR), Instituto Nacional del Carbón, Conditions Extrêmes et Matériaux : Haute Température et Irradiation (CEMHTI), Université d'Orléans (UO)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Universidade de Lisboa (ULISBOA), Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Universidade de Lisboa = University of Lisbon (ULISBOA)

Subjects
Materials science, Hydrocracking, Inorganic chemistry, Industrial catalysts, chemistry.chemical_element, 02 engineering and technology, Decane, 010402 general chemistry, 01 natural sciences, Transformation, Catalysis, K2CO3, chemistry.chemical_compound, Ordered mesoporous carbon CMK-3, General Materials Science, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, Activated carbons, Metal, [SDE.IE]Environmental Sciences/Environmental Engineering, Acidity, n-Decane hydroisomerization, General Chemistry, Microporous material, [CHIM.CATA]Chemical Sciences/Catalysis, [CHIM.MATE]Chemical Sciences/Material chemistry, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, Condensed Matter Physics, 0104 chemical sciences, Chemical Activation, chemistry, Mechanics of Materials, Chemisorption, Bifunctional catalysts, Ammonia Decomposition, Hydrogenation, Adsorption, Support, 0210 nano-technology, Platinum, Mesoporous material, Carbon
Abstract

The activity and selectivity of bi-functional carbon-supported platinum catalysts for the hydroisomerization of n-alkanes have been studied. The influence of the properties of the carbon support on the performance of the catalysts were investigated by incorporating the metallic function on a series of carbons with varied porosity (microporous: GL-50 from Norit, and mesoporous: CMK-3) and surface chemistry (modified by wet oxidation). The characterization results achieved with H2 chemisorption and TEM showed differences in surface metal concentrations and metal–support interactions depending on the support composition. The highest metal dispersion was achieved after oxidation of the carbon matrix in concentrated nitric acid, suggesting that the presence of surface functional sites distributed in inner and outer surface favors a homogeneous metal distribution. On the other hand, the higher hydrogenating activity of the catalysts prepared with the mesoporous carbon pointed out that a fast molecular traffic inside the pores plays an important role in the catalysts performance. For n-decane hydroisomerization of long chain n-alkanes, higher activities were obtained for the catalysts with an optimized acidity and metal dispersion along with adequate porosity, pointing out the importance of the support properties in the performance of the catalysts., This work was financially supported by Fundação para a Ciência e Tecnologia (FCT) through Projects PTDC/CTM/65718/2006 and Pest-OE/QUI/UI0612/2011 (Strategic Project) and MINECO (CTM2011/23378). Authors wish to thank the collaboration of SALMON & Cia for supplying GL-50 carbon from NORIT

Published
2012

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