1. Differential patterns of striatal activation in young children with and without ADHD.
- Author
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Durston S, Tottenham NT, Thomas KM, Davidson MC, Eigsti IM, Yang Y, Ulug AM, and Casey BJ
- Subjects
- Brain physiopathology, Case-Control Studies, Child, Cognition Disorders physiopathology, Echo-Planar Imaging, Female, Humans, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Male, Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity physiopathology, Corpus Striatum physiopathology, Frontal Lobe physiopathology
- Abstract
Background: Cognitive control, defined as the ability to suppress inappropriate thoughts and actions, is compromised in attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). This study examines the neural basis of this deficit., Methods: We used a paradigm that incorporates a parametric manipulation within a go/nogo task, so that the number of go trials preceding a nogo trial is varied to tax the neural systems underlying cognitive control with increasing levels of interference., Results: Using this paradigm in combination with event-related functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), we show that children without ADHD have increased susceptibility to interference with increasing numbers of go trials preceding a nogo trial, but children with ADHD have difficulty even with a single go trial preceding a nogo trial. In addition, children with ADHD do not activate frontostriatal regions in the same manner as normally developing children, but rather rely on a more diffuse network of regions, including more posterior and dorsolateral prefrontal regions., Conclusions: Normal immature cognition may be characterized as being susceptible to interference and supported by the maturation of frontostriatal circuitry. ADHD children show a slightly different cognitive profile at 6 to 10 years of age that is paralleled by a relative lack of or delay in the maturation of ventral frontostriatal circuitry.
- Published
- 2003
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