1. Insulin and Synthetic Hypoglycemic Agents
- Author
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V.J. Hruby and R.S. Vardanyan
- Subjects
Chlorpropamide ,medicine.medical_specialty ,business.industry ,Insulin ,medicine.medical_treatment ,Blood sugar ,Tolazamide ,medicine.disease ,Endocrinology ,Tolbutamide ,Acetohexamide ,Internal medicine ,Diabetes mellitus ,medicine ,business ,Pancreatic hormone ,medicine.drug - Abstract
Drugs used for lowering the glucose level in the blood are called hypoglycemic agents. Changes in the level of glucose in the blood can be caused by various reasons, the primary cause being diabetes mellitus. Diabetes mellitus is a metabolic disease associated with a high level of blood sugar and as a rule, disturbance of carbohydrate, lipid, and protein metabolism. Insulin and other hypoglycemic agents are used to treat diabetes mellitus. Insulin, a pancreatic hormone, is a specific antidiabetic agent, especially for type I diabetes. In the body, insulin is synthesized by β-cells of Langerhans islets in the pancreas. The rate of formation changes depending on the type of food consumed, gastrointestinal hormones, and neuronal control. The chapter describes the specific uses on insulin, its mechanish and chemical structure. For patients with type II diabetes, in which endogenic secretion of insulin functions to some degree, a number of very effective hypoglycemic drugs are prescribed. The chapter discusses some of the major synthetic drugs hypoglycemic drugs, such as Tolbutamide, Chlorpropamide, Acetohexamide, Tolazamide, Glyburide, and Glipizide.
- Published
- 2006
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