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The brackish water-induced lands are abandoned by their owners because the land is unproductive. These lands are adjacent to the pond. This study aims to evaluate the brackish water-induced land through the rice-tiger shrimp coculture system. The land was reconstructed using excavators into 70 % rice fields and 30 % caren for shrimp cultivation. On this land, cultivation was carried out with Irrigated Inbred Rice (Inpari 34) and tiger shrimp (P) and Inpari 35 and tiger shrimp (T). Each treatment is two replicates. Salt-tolerant rice seeds used are varieties of Inpari 34 and Inpari 35 planted on rice fields after seedbeds for 25 days. Post larvae (PL) of tiger shrimp were adapted to a salinity of 7 ppt for 30 days, to be stocked at a density of 4 ind/m2. The growth of rice and tiger shrimp growth and water quality were monitored at a 14-day interval. Production of rice and tiger shrimp was counted at the end of the study. The results showed that salt-tolerant rice varieties Inpari 34 grew from 40 to 108 cm in height and Inpari 35 grew from 43 to 126 cm with production reach 5.060 ± 64.28 and 4.324 ± 19.09 t/ha, respectively, during 105 days of culture period. The survival rate and body weight of tiger shrimp are 20.19 ± 0.43 % and 11.56 ± 2.36 g for Inpari 34 and 20.83 ± 31.26 % and 12.40 ± 2.42 g for Inpari 35 for 65 days culture period, with production estimated 0.176 ± 0.054 (P) and 0.134 ± 0.010 t/ha (T). Inpari 34 and Inpari 35 rice varieties can be cocultured with tiger shrimp on the brackish water-induced land. Rice-tiger shrimp coculture system can be an alternative technology to restore land function that is intrusive by brackish water-induced land and support food security.

The contamination and risk assessment of heavy metals (HMs) in highly priced tiger shrimp and its associated ecosystems and farming conditions (hatcheries and commercial grow-out ponds) were scarcely investigated in South Asian countries. In this study, we determined the five HMs (Cu, Zn, Pb, Cd, and Cr) concentrations in PL14 (fourteen days of Post-Larva) of Penaeus monodon, commercial diets, surface water, and sediments from hatcheries, farms, rivers using ICP-MS for two years. The results revealed that surface sediments of rivers and hatcheries had the highest amounts of Cr (65.85 ± 0.82 and 72.50 ± 0.42 mg/kg), Cu (18.82 ± 3.96 and 19.26 ± 4.61 mg/kg), and Zn (63.74 ± 11.14 and 87.42 ± 17.96 mg/kg), whereas commercial farms had the greatest levels of Cd (0.09 ± 0.05 mg/kg). Pb was significantly higher in sediment of hatcheries and farms than in other sites. Except for Zn in surface waters, all metals were found above the recommended limit. In case of supplied feed, all values were in the safe limit excepting Cr (3.39 ± 1.45 to 108.92 ± 3.49 mg/kg). On the other hand, among the metals, only Cr (VI) ranging from 1.75 ± 1.39 mg/kg in P. monodon samples exceeded the suggested international guidelines. The Igeo values of all the metals were Igeo 1) indicating potential health hazards. The low CR values for Cd, Cr Pb were 3.1 × 10−4, 3.7 × 10−4 and 1.6 × 10−4, respectively indicates no cancer risks upon consuming P. monodon.

The tiger shrimp Penaeus monodon is a native species of the Indo-Pacific Ocean that was introduced to promote its cultivation in several American countries, including Colombia. As a result of inappropriate aquaculture practices, it has established itself in the wild in almost all the Colombian Caribbean Sea. To evaluate the genetic diversity, population structure, and origin of the founder populations, samples from three sites in the Colombian Caribbean were analyzed from 10 microsatellite loci and the mitochondrial DNA Control Region. Genetic diversity similar to native populations was found to be present in three relatively discrete populations and their origin is related to natural populations from Thailand, the Philippines, Taiwan and China. We discuss how oceanographic conditions and culture systems of tiger shrimp facilitated the success of biological invasion processes in marine ecosystems of the Colombian Caribbean.

The bacterial population plays a crucial role in recycling the organic matter and metabolizing the toxic nitrogenous compounds under biofloc technology (BFT). The biofloc technology has been successfully implemented for several fish species, but not for shrimp culture in Bangladesh. The major objectives of this study were to determine the effects of stocking density on the growth performance of tiger shrimp Penaeus monodon under biofloc technology (BFT) rearing system using commercial probiotics and to investigate the abundance of total heterotrophic bacteria (THB) and vibrio-like bacteria (VLB) in different biofloc treatments and their water quality parameters. The experiment was conducted with three different stocking densities in three BFT tanks (2.5 × 2.0 × 1.0 m) with triplicate and three control tanks filled in clearwater. All these tanks were built with cement and can contain 5000 L of water. Visually healthy, disease-free P. monodon postlarvae (weighted 0.18 ± 0.02 g) were collected from a local hatchery and stocked in three different stocking densities, i.e., 400 PL/m3 (CW), 400 PL/m3 (BFT1), 450 PL/m3 (BFT2) and 500 PL/m3 (BFT3). Shrimps were fed four times a day with commercial feed (Biomer, 40 % crude protein) for 127 days. Significant differences (P < 0.05) in specific growth rate, food conversion ratio, and protein efficiency ratio of shrimp were found among the treatments and the control group. The overall final biomass in BFT1 (5.88 ± 0.12 kg m3) was significantly higher (P < 0.05) than that of other BFT groups and the control (3.40 ± 0.09 kg m3). The present findings showed that the biofloc technology with lower stocking density was reducing the total ammonia nitrogen, nitrite-N, and nitrate-N in water and significantly increased THB and reduced VLB populations.

A simple high-performance liquid chromatographic method for determining oxolinic acid in tiger shrimp ( Penaeus monodon ) tissue has been developed. The sample was simply extracted with ethyl acetate without further clean-up. The extract was analyzed using reversed-phase chromatography with UV detection at 330 nm. An extraction efficiency of 97.4 ± 10.3% was obtained. The within-run precision ranged from 1.46 to 4.21% and the between-run precision ranged from 6.01 to 9.77%. Detection of oxolinic acid in spiked shrimp was linear from 0.007 to 4 μg/g with a correlation coefficient of 0.998. The minimal detection limit of this procedure was 0.0035 μg/g.