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Thymolipoma is a rare benign neoplasm of the thymus containing both mature adipose tissue and thymic tissue. We report a case of a 34‐year‐οld man, presenting a mass of the anterior mediastinum, the radiology investigation and operatory piece diagnosed a thymolipoma.This study highlights the clinical diagnostic and therapeutic features as well as the evolutionary characteristics of this entity.

Thymolipoma is a rare thymic mass usually incidentally diagnosed. We present the case of an 8-year old child who presented with breathlessness and cough. On evaluation, she had a giant anterior mediastinal mass involving bilateral hemithorax (right > left) which was diagnosed as thymolipoma. The child was started on steroids, to which she responded very well initially, but after few months the thymic mass gradually increased again and respiratory distress reccured. Subsequently total excision of mass was done followed by gradually tapering of steroids. The child had excellent recovery and is asymptomatic at 2.5 years follow up.

Background: Among the diverse causes of anterior mediastinal masses, thymolipoma is not a common entity. It largely comprises of adipose tissue and remnants of thymus tissue. Most patients are asymptomatic and are diagnosed incidentally. Case Summary: Sixty-six-year-old female presented to the Emergency Department with a week of worsening shortness of breath, palpitations, diarrhea, palpitations & over 30 kg of unintentional weight loss in the last 1 year. Her investigations were in line of thyrotoxicosis with other lab findings correlating to the disease. However, during investigations, a chest radiograph showed left lower zone opacity and on follow-up CT scan it was revealed to be a huge fatty mass comprising of soft tissues arising from the anterior mediastinum, pushing the left diaphragm inferiorly and the lower lobe of left lung was entirely collapsed. Conclusion: Thymolipoma can occur as a single entity and patients are often clinically asymptomatic. Biopsy is the definitive diagnostic tool, but it can also be challenging, especially if adequate samples are not obtained. CT scan can play an important role in supporting the diagnosis, with findings of fat containing structure arising from the anterior mediastinum along with internal fat stranding & nodularity. Treatment is surgical with excision of the entire mass.

Thymolipomas are rare benign tumors of the thymic gland. We describe a case of an eight-year-old boy who presented after a syncopal episode secondary to a large mediastinal mass found to be a thymolipoma on percutaneous biopsy. Successful thoracoscopic thymectomy was performed with complete resection of the tumor en-bloc with the thymus. Given the association with myasthenia gravis and other pathologic processes, we propose a thoracoscopic thymectomy be performed in conjunction with thymolipoma resections when feasible.

Thymolipoma is a benign and rare tumor that could be found at any age. Thymolipoma associated with the myasthenia gravis, Graves disease, aplastic anemia, and hypogammaglobulinemia was reported previously, but in this case, thymolipoma is associated with lymphocytosis. A 6-year-old girl was brought to the hospital because of a chronic cough. Her evaluation revealed a 130 × 160× 160 mm fat-containing soft tissue mass arising from anterior mediastinum with complete left lung collapse and contralateral mediastinal shift. Her past medical history showed that she had been evaluated and treated unsuccessfully due to severe lymphocytosis two years earlier. Her peripheral blood and bone marrow cell morphology were normal; in contrast, blood cell count and CD flow cytometry showed severe lymphocytosis. The patient's tumor was excised entirely without any complications, and lymphocytosis resolved during the follow-up period. Because the T lymphocytes are developed in the thymus, and more than 80% of cells in CD flow cytometry were T lymphocytes, and the lymphocytosis resolved with tumor removal; therefore, the authors suggested that Thymolipoma could be associated with lymphocytosis.

The thymus is a primary lymphoid organ that plays a key role in the immune system development. Normally, it is located in the anterior mediastinum and it changes tissue composition with progressive fatty involution with age. The spectrum of pathological processes involving the thymus include enlargement, tumour development, and cystic change. In addition, other local pathology can mimic thymic disease. Differentiating these entities can be challenging; however, recognizing key features on imaging is essential to appropriately guide further investigation and therapy. The focus of this pictorial review will be to highlight the important distinguishing features of thymic hyperplasia, thymomas, thymic cysts, thymic neuroendocrine tumours (NETs), thymolipomas, mediastinal teratomas, and other mimics of thymic disease. Knowledge of the varying imaging findings on computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging is valuable for radiologists to appropriately classify disease, avoid misdiagnosis, and expedite therapy., (Copyright © 2021 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)

A thymolipoma is a slow-growing, anterior mediastinal tumor, rare in childhood. The authors present a report of a 4-year-old girl with persistent right thoracic hypotransparency on the chest radiograph. Computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging revealed an anterior, well-limited, mediastinal mass of heterogeneous density, with lipomatous and soft tissue density areas. The tumor was totally excised and the histopathologic findings revealed a thymolipoma. A year and a half after surgery, the child remains well. This report enhances the relevance of differential diagnosis in the presence of persistent radiologic thoracic hypotransparency., (Copyright © 2018 Elsevier Masson SAS. All rights reserved.)