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Background: The timing and incidence of recurrent bone metastasis (BM) after radical gastrectomy in patients with gastric cancer (GC) as well as the survival of these patients were not fully understood. The aim of this study was to analyze the data of an observational GC cohort and identify patients who underwent curative gastrectomy and had recurrent BM to describe and clarify the pattern and profile of BM evolution after surgery. Methods: Data were retrieved from a hospital-based GC cohort, and patients who underwent upfront radical gastrectomy were selected. The time points of specific organ metastatic events were recorded, and the person-year incidence rate of metastatic events was calculated. The latency period of BM events after gastrectomy was measured and compared with that of the other two most common metastatic events, liver metastasis (LM) and distant lymph node metastasis (LNM), using analysis of variance. Propensity score matching and subgroup analysis were used for sensitivity analysis. Results: A total of 1324 GC cases underwent radical gastrectomy between January 2011 and December 2021. Of these, 67 BM, 218 LM, and 248 LNM occurred before the last follow-up. The incidence of BM events was 1.7/100 person-years, which was approximately 3-fold lower than that of LM and distant LNM events (5.5 and 6.3 per 100 person-years, respectively). BM events had a significantly longer latency (median time, 16.5 months) than LM and LNM events (11.1 and 12.0 months, respectively). Recurrent BM led to a worse prognosis (median survival, 4.5 months) than those of LM and LNM events (median survival, 7.7 and 7.1 months, respectively). However, no difference in overall survival after gastrectomy was observed among the groups. Conclusions: Compared with other common metastatic events, BM in GC after gastrectomy is a late-onset event indicating poor survival. Trial registration: No. ChiCTR1800019978; http://www.chictr.org.cn/.

The extract of peanut shell extract (PSE) is firstly utilized as a novel eco-friendly corrosion inhibitor for the mitigation of corrosion on carbon steel in 0.5 M sulfuric acid medium. The corrosion inhibition performance and adsorption properties of PSE were researched via weight loss, electrochemical measurements and surface characterization analysis. It is demonstrated that the PSE acts as a mixed type inhibitor with a superb inhibition ability of 95 % with the addition of 300 mg/L PSE. The adsorption of the active ingredients in PSE on steel surface contributes to effective corrosion inhibition. The outstanding inhibition efficiency and straightforward extraction method with environment-friendly solvent convincingly demonstrate that the PSE possesses promising application prospects to be a novel eco-friendly corrosion inhibitor in industrial corrosion mitigation.

Flow accelerated corrosion (FAC) behavior of X65 steel gradual contraction pipe in high CO2 partial pressure environments was investigated by in situ dynamic high pressure electrochemical measurements with Ag/AgCl reference electrode in FAC loop and microscopic characterization analysis. The corrosion rates in dynamic high CO2 partial pressure environments are obviously enhanced compared with those in dynamic atmospheric pressure and static high pressure environments. The FAC mechanism at gradual contraction pipe in high pressure environments exhibits significant distinction from that in atmospheric pressure environments. The variation of corrosion rates is associated with the hydrodynamics at gradual contraction pipe. The presence of high CO2 partial pressure under fluid flowing accelerates rupture of corrosion product scales.

Purpose: To examine the cognition, spontaneous epilepsy, and electroencephalography (EEG) characteristics of rats with malformations of cortical development (MCD) and their use as an animal model for investigating the pathogenesis of intractable epilepsy and screening novel antiepileptic drugs., Methods: An epileptic rat model of MCD was established with the F1 generation of pregnant rats after X-irradiation with 175 cGy (Group L), 195 cGy (Group M), or 215 cGy (Group H). Long-term video-EEG monitoring was used to record the seizures in the rats with MCD. Cognition was assessed with the Morris water maze. The EEGs were recorded and analyzed in the frontal and parietal lobes and hippocampi of adult rats. Finally, the brain tissues were processed for Nissl staining., Results: The model groups exhibited markedly prolonged escape latencies and distinct decrements in the percent distance traveled in the target quadrant and platform-crossing frequency. These findings were dose-dependent. Frequent interictal epileptiform discharges were observed in the frontal and parietal lobes and hippocampi of adult rats, and their incidences were markedly higher in the model groups compared with that in the normal controls, with Group M having the highest incidence. Spontaneous seizures were observed in the model groups (mean incidence, 46.7%). The daily mean frequency of seizures and the incidence of spontaneous seizures were highest in Group M. Nissl staining revealed a dose-dependent pattern of hippocampal abnormalities, cortical and subcortical nodular heterotopia, and callosal agenesis in the model groups., Conclusion: The 195 cGy dose was most appropriate for establishing an epileptic model of MCD with X-irradiation., (Copyright © 2015 British Epilepsy Association. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)