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Emulsifier as the mixture of monoglycerides (MG) and diglycerides (DG) is widely used in the food industry such as bakery products, margarines, dairy products, and confectionary. This emulsifier can be produced by glycerolysis of fatty acids using acid catalyst. In this work, natural deep eutectic solvent (NADES) was chosen as a catalyst in the glycerolysis of stearic acid due to greener and sustainable catalyst with advantages such as low vapor pressure, non-toxic, biodegradable, and easy to reuse. The catalytic activity of the NADES, kinetic constants and activation energies for the reaction were investigated. The reaction was carried out at agitation speed (300 rpm), catalyst concentration (5 wt%), reaction temperatures (120 °C, 150 °C and 180 °C) and reactant mole ratios (1:2, 1:4 and 1:6). Choline chloride-sorbitol NADES has highest catalytic activity on the glycerolysis of stearic acid. The kinetic calculation results using choline chloride-sorbitol NADES as a catalyst validated that the reaction was pseudo second order with an activation energy of 64.04 kJ∙mol−1, and a collision factor of 196,696 L∙mol−1∙min−1. This kinetics data will be useful for reactor design in industrial applications.

Corynebacterium diphtheriae (C. diphtheriae) is the causative agent of diphtheria. The main virulence factor of C. diphtheriae is diphtheria toxin, which is encoded by the tox gene and regulated by the dtxR gene. The tox and dtxR genes are used as genetic markers to identify bacteria causing diphtheria by PCR. Here, we present the whole-genome sequencing (WGS) data of 18 C. diphtheriae isolates from diphtheria outbreaks in different regions in Indonesia. We used these data to identify single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) associated with the tox and dtxR genes to verify the accuracy of the PCR assay and performed molecular typing with a multilocus sequence typing (MLST) approach. The data can be used for further analyses, such as antimicrobial resistance and bacterial virulence factors.

The World Health Organization (WHO) has been implementing antimicrobial surveillance with a “One Health” approach, known as the Global Surveillance ESBL E. coli Tricycle Project. We describe the implementation of the Tricycle Project (pilot) in Indonesia, focusing on its results, challenges and recommendations. The samples were 116 patients with bloodstream infections caused by ESBL E. coli, 100 rectal swabs collected from pregnant women, 240 cecums of broiler, and 119 environmental samples, using the standardized method according to the guidelines. ESBL-producing E. coli was found in 40 (40%) of the 100 pregnant women, while the proportion of ESBL-producing E. coli was 57.7% among the total E. coli-induced bloodstream infections. ESBL-producing E. coli was isolated from 161 (67.1%) out of 240 broilers. On the other hand, the average concentration of E. coli in the water samples was 2.0 × 108 CFU/100 mL, and the ratio of ESBL-producing E. coli was 12.8% of total E. coli. Unfortunately, 56.7% of questionnaires for patients were incomplete. The Tricycle Project (pilot) identified that the proportion of ESBL-producing E. coli was very high in all types of samples, and several challenges and obstacles were encountered during the implementation of the study in Indonesia. The finding of this study have implication to health/the antimicrobial resistance (AMR) surveillance. We recommend continuing this project and extending this study to other provinces to determine the AMR burden as the baseline in planning AMR control strategies in Indonesia. We also recommend improving the protocol of this study to minimize obstacles in the field.

This study aimed to determine the appropriate timing for substituting live feed with artificial feed in the rearing of Channa striata larvae. The larvae at the age of 2 days after hatching (DAH) with an average initial length and weight of 6.27 ± 0.88 mm and 0.53 ± 0.01 mg, respectively, were used as the experimental biota. Larvae were randomly distributed into 16 containers, with a stocking density of 350 individuals per container. The study was conducted with four treatments, each with four replications. The larvae were co-fed Moina sp. and artificial feed at 6, 8, 10, and 12 DAH with a reduction of Moina sp. starting from 0.5% to 5.0%. The measured parameters showed the most favorable results when initiating artificial feeding at 12 DAH with survival rate of 89.52 ± 4.49%, and specific growth rate of 15.67 ± 0.25% per day with artificial feed conversion ratio of 51.79 ± 0.09. The enzyme activity and intestinal histology showed the effect of the co-feeding regime on intestinal development. Finally, the present study revealed that the weaning period for C. striata larvae could be conducted at 12–16 DAH and artificial feeding may be implemented at 17 DAH.

The global agri-food industry generates a large volume of waste annually, which causes both environmental and economic problems. Recently, there has been a growing interest in the use of agri-food wastes and by-products to produce self-sufficient fish feed. This study aimed to analyze the intellectual structure of the recent research on the utilization of agri-food wastes and by-products as self-sufficient fish feed materials based on 922 Scopus-indexed core collection documents from 252 journals written by 4420 authors from 73 countries with an annual growth rate of 18.65% over the last four years (2019–2022). This bibliometric study implemented knowledge domain visualization (KDV) using VOSViewer and Biblioshiny in the Bibliometrix R-package to investigate the basic scientometric profile of the selected fields. The results showed that Dawood M.A.O., with PageRanks of 0.0732, 19 total publications, 695 global citations from 2019 to 2022, and closeness values of 0.25, was the most productive author within the field. Subsequently, China was determined to be the most productive country (93 valid documents) and have the strongest collaboration network. Major research hotspots in the field included aquaculture and sustainable aquaculture, fish feed with agri-food waste, rainbow trout species, the development of a circular economy, probiotic applications, and cell signaling cytokines and peptides. This bibliometric study provides comprehensive information on the intellectual domain and research landscape on self-sufficient fish feed and also shows how interest in this research topic and similar ones is growing.

Objective: This study aims to determine the correlation between Endothelin-1 levels and mean arterial pressure (MAP) with preeclampsia so that their combination can be used as the predictor of PE in early pregnancy. Method: This study used a cross-sectional study with a case-control design carried out in February to June 2020 in several hospitals and health centers in Makassar city, namely Dr. Wahidin Soedirohusodo General Hospital, Hasanuddin University State University Hospital, health center Bara Baraya, health center Mamajang, and health center Antang. Respondents in this study were divided into 37 pregnant women with preeclampsia and 53 pregnant women with normotension. This study's criteria for respondents were 20–35 years old, single pregnancy with > 20 weeks gestational. Data collected included education, body mass index (BMI), parity, the interval of pregnancy, and gestational age. ET-1 levels were determined using th ET-1 Elisa Kit with the ELISA method, and MAP was collected by measuring blood pressure when pregnant women came to health facilities. Results: The mean serum ET-1 levels in the preeclampsia were highest than normotensive with a significant p-value of 0.001 (p

Objective: The study aims to compare levels NO, the ROT, and BMI values in preeclampsia and normotension. Method: This study was an observational analytical study that combined the draft case–control study and a cross-sectional study (hybrid method) conducted in February–June 2020. This study was conducted in the Hospital Dr. Wahidin Sudirohusodo Makasar, Antang Health Center, Barabaraya Health Center, and Mamajang Health Center. Respondents in this study were pregnant women divided into two groups, 108 mothers with normal pregnancies and 42 mothers with preeclampsia. The criteria of the study respondents were single pregnancies, pregnancy of more than 20 weeks, and the gestational age of 20–35 years old. Data collected includes age, parity, gestational age, pregnancy interval, body mass index (BMI), and education. In addition, Nitric oxide levels are determined using Elisa Kit, and roll over test is collected by performing blood pressure measurements at two different positions. Results: The mean serum NO levels in the preeclampsia 176.43 ± 50.8 and 152.75 ± 51.3 in normotension, and there is a meaningful relationship p = 0.012. Mean value of ROT in preeclampsia 23.21 ± 8.54 and 19.63 ± 8.85 in normotension p = 0.026. There is a meaningful difference in IMT with preeclampsia p = 0.003. Conclusion: NO, ROT and BMI are significantly higher in pregnant mothers with preeclampsia than in normal pregnancies.

Objective: The study aimed to explore factors associated with prelabor rupture of membrane (PROM) and mode of delivery of PROM at secondary health care. Methods: It was a retrospective case-control study within a year observational period. Data were collected from medical records at St. Khadijah I Mother and Child Hospital Makassar. Results: There were 4003 samples with 259 cases with PROM. Parity and body mass index (BMI) were factors associated with PROM with p = 0.000 and .032 consecutively; among them, BMI was more prominent than parity with OR = 2.392, and 95% CI = 1.052–5.442. Cesarean section is not associated with PROM, p = .000. Conclusion: Primigravidae and obesity were factors associated with PROM, and BMI was more strongly associated with PROM than parity. PROM is not an indication for cesarean section.

Four strains (SB-PR, SB-RS, SB-RD, and SB-RM) of Trypanosoma evansi (T. evansi) were used in this study. SB-PR is known to be trypanocide-sensitive, while the others are trypanocide-resistant to suramin, diminazene diaceturate, and melarsomine hydrochloride, respectively. SB-RS, SB-RD, and SB-RM are derivatives of a single field isolate of SB-PR. Trypanocide resistance will not only increase costs and decrease production efficiency but will also affect effective treatment strategies. Therefore, studies on this topic are important to avoid inefficient production and ineffective treatment. This paper aims to presents a comparative molecular characterization of the trypanocide-resistant strains compared to the parent population. Comparative molecular characterization of these strains based on a protein profile analysis performed with sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE), DNA fingerprinting of random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD), and the molecular characterization of expression-site-associated 6 (ESAG6), variant surface glycoprotein (VSG), and T. evansi adenosine transporter-1 (TevAT1) gene sequences. The results show three derived strains (SB-RS, SB-RD, and SB-RM) exhibit different banding patterns than SB-PR. According to the RAPD results, SB-RS and SB-RD are different strains with DNA fingerprint similarities of about 77.8 %, while the DNA fingerprint of SB-RM has a similarity of 44.4 % to SB-RS and SB-RD. No differences in VSG were found among the four strains; however, ESAG6 showed differences in both nucleotide and amino acid sequences, as well as in its secondary and 3D structure. In conclusion, all molecular analyses of the ESAG6 gene showed that SB-PR, SB-RS, SB-RD, and SB-RM are different strains. Furthermore, SB-PR, SB-RS, SB-RD, and SB-RM did not exhibit the TevAT1 gene, so the resistance mechanism was determined to be unrelated to that gene., Competing Interests: Declaration of Competing Interest The authors declare the following financial interests/personal relationships which may be considered as potential competing interests: Didik T Subekti reports administrative support and equipment, drugs, or supplies were provided by Indonesian Research Center for Veterinary Science. Didik T Subekti reports a relationship with ICenter for Biomedical Research, Research Organization for Health, National Research and Innovation Agency that includes: employment. Didik T Subekti has patent pending to Didik T Subekti. No conflict of interest If there are other authors, they declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2024 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)