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2. Non-indigenous species refined national baseline inventories: A synthesis in the context of the European Union's Marine Strategy Framework Directive.

Author

Tsiamis K, Palialexis A, Stefanova K, Gladan ŽN, Skejić S, Despalatović M, Cvitković I, Dragičević B, Dulčić J, Vidjak O, Bojanić N, Žuljević A, Aplikioti M, Argyrou M, Josephides M, Michailidis N, Jakobsen HH, Staehr PA, Ojaveer H, Lehtiniemi M, Massé C, Zenetos A, Castriota L, Livi S, Mazziotti C, Schembri PJ, Evans J, Bartolo AG, Kabuta SH, Smolders S, Knegtering E, Gittenberger A, Gruszka P, Kraśniewski W, Bartilotti C, Tuaty-Guerra M, Canning-Clode J, Costa AC, Parente MI, Botelho AZ, Micael J, Miodonski JV, Carreira GP, Lopes V, Chainho P, Barberá C, Naddafi R, Florin AB, Barry P, Stebbing PD, and Cardoso AC

Subjects
Aquatic Organisms growth & development, Environmental Monitoring, Europe, European Union, Marine Biology, Aquatic Organisms classification, Introduced Species statistics & numerical data
Abstract

Refined baseline inventories of non-indigenous species (NIS) are set per European Union Member State (MS), in the context of the Marine Strategy Framework Directive (MSFD). The inventories are based on the initial assessment of the MSFD (2012) and the updated data of the European Alien Species Information Network, in collaboration with NIS experts appointed by the MSs. The analysis revealed that a large number of NIS was not reported from the initial assessments. Moreover, several NIS initially listed are currently considered as native in Europe or were proven to be historical misreportings. The refined baseline inventories constitute a milestone for the MSFD Descriptor 2 implementation, providing an improved basis for reporting new NIS introductions, facilitating the MSFD D2 assessment. In addition, the inventories can help MSs in the establishment of monitoring systems of targeted NIS, and foster cooperation on monitoring of NIS across or within shared marine subregions., (Copyright © 2019 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd.. All rights reserved.)

Published
2019
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3. Controversies and prospects about microglia in maternal immune activation models for neurodevelopmental disorders.

Author

Smolders S, Notter T, Smolders SMT, Rigo JM, and Brône B

Subjects
Animals, Behavior, Animal physiology, Brain immunology, Disease Models, Animal, Female, Immune System drug effects, Lipopolysaccharides pharmacology, Mice, Microglia drug effects, Microglia metabolism, Mothers, Neurodevelopmental Disorders physiopathology, Poly I-C pharmacology, Pregnancy, Pregnancy Complications, Infectious immunology, Pregnancy Complications, Infectious metabolism, Rats, Microglia physiology, Neurodevelopmental Disorders immunology, Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects immunology
Abstract

Activation of the maternal immune system during pregnancy is a well-established risk factor for neuropsychiatric disease in the offspring, yet, the underlying mechanisms leading to altered brain function remain largely undefined. Microglia, the resident immune cells of the brain, are key to adequate development of the central nervous system (CNS), and are prime candidates to mediate maternal immune activation (MIA)-induced brain abnormalities. As such, the effects of MIA on the immunological phenotype of microglia has been widely investigated. However, contradicting results due to differences in read-out and methodological approaches impede final conclusions on MIA-induced microglial alterations. The aim of this review is to critically discuss the evidence for an activated microglial phenotype upon MIA., (Copyright © 2018 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)

Published
2018
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