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Solar cooling systems, specifically solar absorption cooling systems, are becoming an attractive subject since they are great alternatives to the conventional cooling systems which lead to high electrical consumption. In addition, this system can provide cooling without greenhouse gas emissions. Hence, many combinations of different components might be adopted to apply the solar absorption cooling system. This paper will discuss the absorption chiller working cycle, the absorption chiller working fluids, the solar collectors to be combined with solar cooling systems and the single-effect absorption chiller. Furthermore, the variation of the coefficient of performance, the solar fraction and the economic study will be discussed. The goal of this review is to present previous studies and analyze their results; highlight the environmental, energetic, and economic viability of such systems and tackle future challenges regarding solar absorption cooling system and discuss the application of this system on new climates and more specifically on Lebanon.

The working principle and process of humidification–dehumidification (HDH) solar desalination are described in this chapter. For optimizing the performance of this kind of solar desalination systems, the pinch technology is proposed. At the same time, by pinch technology, the single effect system is carried out optimization comparison with multieffect system. Based on ideal humidification–dehumidification process of air, the minimum work required for solar HDH process is analyzed. Finally, several humidification–dehumidification solar desalination systems with different operation modes or structures are researched. The experimental results including carried out under practical weather are given out.

This chapter deals with estimation of interaction through different statistical models. Interaction is classified into two different classes, antagonistic and synergistic effects. An antagonistic effect is said to be present if the combination of two factors decrease the measure of interest as compared to the expected sum of the single effect of each factor. Synergistic effect is present if the combination of two factors increases the measure of interest more than the expected sum based on each factor. Furthermore, this chapter also shows how estimation of multiplicative and additive interaction is carried out focusing on gene–environmental interaction.

In order to reduce auxiliary energy consumption in a active solar cooling system, a newly developed CSDE absorption chiller was used for an actual solar system. The operating characteristics of the CSDE chiller were tested for one year in 1984 by substituting it for an existing single effect absorption chiller that had been operating for two years in 1983 and in 1982. The results shows that the CSDE absorption chiller used only 57% of auxiliary energy required by ordinary system in 1983 and only 53% of that used in 1982. The COP of the CSDE chiller in an actual operation was 0.727 and the calculated value from the distribution of operating hours for each mode was 0.82. The actual value of COP was smaller than the calculated value, but in the improved system P.S increased to 54.1% from 38.3% in 1983 and from 29.8% in 1982.